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ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: Decline of yellow-cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis ((D. Don) Spach) has occurred on 200 000 ha of temperate rainforests across southeastern Alaska. Because declining forests appeared soon after the Little Ice Age and are limited mostly to low elevations (whereas higher elevation forests remain healthy), recent studies have hypothesized a climatic mechanism involving early dehardening, reduced snowpack, and freezing injury. This hypothesis assumes that a specific suite of microclimatic conditions occurs during late winter and declining cedar populations across the region have responded similarly to these conditions. Based on the first geographically extensive tree ring chronologies constructed for southeastern Alaska, we tested these assumptions by investigating regional climatic trends and the growth responses of declining cedar populations to this climatic variation. Warming winter trends were observed for southeastern Alaska, resulting in potentially injurious conditions for yellow-cedar due to reduced snowfall and frequent occurrence of severe thaw-freeze events. Declining cedar forests shared a common regional chronology for which late-winter weather was the best predictor of annual growth of surviving trees. Overall, our findings verify the influence of elevational gradients of temperature and snow cover on exposure to climatic stressors, support the climatic hypothesis across large spatial and temporal scales, and suggest cedar decline may expand with continued warming.</gco:CharacterString>
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                        <gmd:URL>https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact</gmd:URL>
                      </gmd:linkage>
                      <gmd:name>
                        <gco:CharacterString>NCEI Contact Information</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:name>
                      <gmd:description>
                        <gco:CharacterString>Information for contacts at NCEI.</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:description>
                      <gmd:function>
                        <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
                      </gmd:function>
                    </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                  </gmd:onlineResource>
                </gmd:CI_Contact>
              </gmd:contactInfo>
              <gmd:role>
                <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="distributor">distributor</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
              </gmd:role>
            </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
          </gmd:distributorContact>
          <gmd:distributionOrderProcess>
            <gmd:MD_StandardOrderProcess>
              <gmd:fees>
                <gco:CharacterString>In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:fees>
              <gmd:orderingInstructions>
                <gco:CharacterString>Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions.</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:orderingInstructions>
            </gmd:MD_StandardOrderProcess>
          </gmd:distributionOrderProcess>
          <gmd:distributorFormat>
            <gmd:MD_Format>
              <gmd:name>
                <gco:CharacterString>Native Format(s)</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:name>
              <gmd:version gco:nilReason="missing" />
            </gmd:MD_Format>
          </gmd:distributorFormat>
          <gmd:distributorTransferOptions>
            <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
              <gmd:onLine>
                <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                  <gmd:linkage>
                    <gmd:URL>https://doi.org/10.25921/hvf4-tp30</gmd:URL>
                  </gmd:linkage>
                  <gmd:protocol>
                    <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:protocol>
                  <gmd:applicationProfile>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Landing Page</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:applicationProfile>
                  <gmd:name>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Metadata Landing Page</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:name>
                  <gmd:description>
                    <gco:CharacterString>NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data.</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:description>
                  <gmd:function>
                    <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
                  </gmd:function>
                </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              </gmd:onLine>
            </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
          </gmd:distributorTransferOptions>
          <gmd:distributorTransferOptions>
            <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
              <gmd:onLine>
                <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                  <gmd:linkage>
                    <gmd:URL>https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/23054</gmd:URL>
                  </gmd:linkage>
                  <gmd:protocol>
                    <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:protocol>
                  <gmd:applicationProfile>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Web Browser</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:applicationProfile>
                  <gmd:name>
                    <gco:CharacterString>NOAA Study Page</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:name>
                  <gmd:description>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Study page with data access information.</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:description>
                  <gmd:function>
                    <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="search">search</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
                  </gmd:function>
                </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              </gmd:onLine>
            </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
          </gmd:distributorTransferOptions>
          <gmd:distributorTransferOptions>
            <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
              <gmd:onLine>
                <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                  <gmd:linkage>
                    <gmd:URL>https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/tree-ring</gmd:URL>
                  </gmd:linkage>
                  <gmd:protocol>
                    <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:protocol>
                  <gmd:applicationProfile>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Information</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:applicationProfile>
                  <gmd:name>
                    <gco:CharacterString>NCEI Tree Ring Page</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:name>
                  <gmd:description>
                    <gco:CharacterString>General information for this data type.</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:description>
                  <gmd:function>
                    <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
                  </gmd:function>
                </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              </gmd:onLine>
            </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
          </gmd:distributorTransferOptions>
          <gmd:distributorTransferOptions>
            <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
              <gmd:onLine>
                <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                  <gmd:linkage>
                    <gmd:URL>https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/northamerica/usa/ak158.rwl</gmd:URL>
                  </gmd:linkage>
                  <gmd:protocol>
                    <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:protocol>
                  <gmd:applicationProfile>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Download</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:applicationProfile>
                  <gmd:name>
                    <gco:CharacterString>/treering/measurements/northamerica/usa/ak158.rwl</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:name>
                  <gmd:description>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Raw Measurements</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:description>
                  <gmd:function>
                    <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="download">download</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
                  </gmd:function>
                </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              </gmd:onLine>
            </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
          </gmd:distributorTransferOptions>
          <gmd:distributorTransferOptions>
            <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
              <gmd:onLine>
                <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                  <gmd:linkage>
                    <gmd:URL>https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/northamerica/usa/ak158-rwl-noaa.txt</gmd:URL>
                  </gmd:linkage>
                  <gmd:protocol>
                    <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:protocol>
                  <gmd:applicationProfile>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Download</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:applicationProfile>
                  <gmd:name>
                    <gco:CharacterString>NCEI Direct Download</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:name>
                  <gmd:description>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Direct download links for dataset files.</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:description>
                  <gmd:function>
                    <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="download">download</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
                  </gmd:function>
                </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              </gmd:onLine>
            </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
          </gmd:distributorTransferOptions>
          <gmd:distributorTransferOptions>
            <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
              <gmd:onLine>
                <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                  <gmd:linkage>
                    <gmd:URL>https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/correlation-stats/ak158.txt</gmd:URL>
                  </gmd:linkage>
                  <gmd:protocol>
                    <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:protocol>
                  <gmd:applicationProfile>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Download</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:applicationProfile>
                  <gmd:name>
                    <gco:CharacterString>/treering/measurements/correlation-stats/ak158.txt</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:name>
                  <gmd:description>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Correlation</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:description>
                  <gmd:function>
                    <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="download">download</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
                  </gmd:function>
                </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              </gmd:onLine>
            </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
          </gmd:distributorTransferOptions>
        </gmd:MD_Distributor>
      </gmd:distributor>
    </gmd:MD_Distribution>
  </gmd:distributionInfo>
  <gmd:metadataMaintenance>
    <gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
      <gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>
        <gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode" codeListValue="asNeeded">asNeeded</gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode>
      </gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>
      <gmd:maintenanceNote>
        <gco:CharacterString>This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21</gco:CharacterString>
      </gmd:maintenanceNote>
    </gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
  </gmd:metadataMaintenance>
</gmi:MI_Metadata>