noaa-ocean-12423 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2024-11-27 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Global Ocean Glacial Export Production Data 2012-01-27 publication doi:10.25921/c9ej-pe59 noaa-ocean-12423 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Kohfeld, K.E. originator Kohfeld, K.E. author Le Quéré, C. originator Le Quéré, C. author Harrison, S.P. originator Harrison, S.P. author Anderson, R.F. originator Anderson, R.F. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Paleoceanography. The data include parameters of paleoceanography with a geographic location of Global. The time period coverage is from 100000 to 18000 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Records of past climate and ocean circulation derived from marine sediments. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this dataset. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the dataset citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-ocean.png Paleoclimatology - Paleoceanography PNG Earth Science > Paleoclimate > Ocean/Lake Records Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Ocean/Lake Records theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleocean > other theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian biogeochemical cycles theme What: productivity; Material: null What: productivity; Material: null What: productivity; Material: null What: productivity; Material: null What: sample identification; Material: null What: notes; Material: null What: notes; Material: null What: notes; Material: null What: productivity; Material: null What: notes; Material: null What: notes; Material: null What: productivity; Material: null What: productivity; Material: null What: notes; Material: null What: notes; Material: null What: sample identification; Material: null What: notes; Material: null What: longitude; Material: null What: latitude; Material: null What: notes; Material: null What: collection water depth; Material: null What: productivity; Material: null What: productivity; Material: null What: productivity; Material: null theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Geographic Region > Global > Global > LATITUDE > LONGITUDE place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Kohfeld, K.E.; Le Quéré, C.; Harrison, S.P.; Anderson, R.F. (2012-01-27): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Global Ocean Glacial Export Production Data. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/c9ej-pe59. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. Role of Marine Biology in Glacial-Interglacial CO2 Cycles 2005 publication Kohfeld, K.E., C. Le Quéré, S.P. Harrison, and R.F. Anderson author Science publisher https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1105375 HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 2005 Kohfeld, K.E., C. Le Quéré, S.P. Harrison, and R.F. Anderson, 2005: Role of Marine Biology in Glacial-Interglacial CO2 Cycles. Science, 308, 74-78, 10.1126/science.1105375 information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 100000 cal yr BP to 18000 cal yr BP; -180 180 -90 90 -98050 -16050 STUDY NOTES: Tables and Table Notes Table S1. Change in export production at the LGM relative to Late Holocene. Table S2. Change in export production at the LGM relative to Stage 5a-d. Table S3. Change in export production at Stage 5a-d relative to Late Holocene. Table Notes Dating Control: d18O = oxygen isotope stratigraphy; 14C = radiocarbon dating of single species of foraminifera; LC = lithogenic correlation. CFP = Constant Flux Proxy. “Y” indicates that accumulation rates were corrected for sediment focusing using 230Th normalization. Data Evaluation: Data for each core were given scores for each of the three categories: (a) the quality of sediment age models, (b) the means by which sediment flux measurements are determined, and (c) the number and agreement between the indicators within a core. The four different types of age models were scored as follows: AMS radiocarbon dating = 4; marine isotope stratigraphy = 3; bulk radiocarbon or 230Th methods = 2; and lithogenic correlation = 1. Sediment flux measurements that used a ‘constant flux proxy’ such as 230Th normalization were given the highest score of 4. Sediment sites with mass accumulation rates that did not use 230Th normalization received a score of 2. Sites where only concentrations were determined received a score of 1. Finally, number of proxies measured in each core multiplied by the fraction of agreement between these proxies determined the third score. The final score (the sum of the score for the three categories) determined whether the data from that core received a confidence ranking of “high” (scores 10-14), “intermediate” (scores 7-10), or “low” (scores 6 or below). Assessed Change in Productivity and Productivity Indicators: Changes represent conditions at the LGM relative to today: -1 = decrease; -0.5 = slight decrease; 0 = no change; +0.5 = slight increase; 1 = increase; 99 = no assessment possible. All changes are based on accumulation rates unless otherwise indicated (in comments, or as a code of “1” in the “flux code” column). ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: It has been hypothesized that changes in the marine biological pump caused a major portion of the glacial reduction of atmospheric carbon dioxide by 80 to 100 parts per million through increased iron fertilization of marine plankton, increased ocean nutrient content or utilization, or shifts in dominant plankton types. We analyze sedimentary records of marine productivity at the peak and the middle of the last glacial cycle and show that neither changes in nutrient utilization in the Southern Ocean nor shifts in plankton dominance explain the CO2 drawdown. Iron fertilization and associated mechanisms can be responsible for no more than half the observed drawdown. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/c9ej-pe59 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/12423 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoceanography HTTPS Information NCEI Paleoceanography Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/kohfeld2005/kohfeld2005.xls HTTPS Download /contributions_by_author/kohfeld2005/kohfeld2005.xls Original Data and Full Metadata download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/kohfeld2005/kohfeld2005.txt HTTPS Download /contributions_by_author/kohfeld2005/kohfeld2005.txt Original Data and Full Metadata download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21