{"accessLevel": "public", "bureauCode": ["010:12"], "contactPoint": {"@type": "vcard:Contact", "fn": "Claudia C. Faunt", "hasEmail": "mailto:ccfaunt@usgs.gov"}, "description": "This digital dataset defines the SUB package arrays for the model grid, critical head, thickness of fine-grained deposits, \nand skeletal-elastic-storage used in the transient hydrologic model of the Central Valley flow system. The Central Valley \nencompasses an approximate 50,000 square-kilometer region of California. The complex hydrologic system of the Central \nValley is simulated using the USGS numerical modeling code MODFLOW-FMP (Schmid 2006b).  This simulation is \nreferred to here as the Central Valley Hydrologic Model (CVHM) (Faunt, 2009). Utilizing MODFLOW-FMP, the CVHM \nsimulates groundwater- and surface-water flow, irrigated agriculture, land subsidence, and other key processes in the \nCentral Valley on a monthly basis from 1961-2003.  The total active modeled area is 20,334 square-miles on a finite-\ndifference grid comprising 441 rows and 98 columns. Slightly less than 50 percent of the cells are active. The CVHM \nmodel grid has a uniform horizontal discretization of 1x1 square mile and is oriented parallel to the valley axis, 34 \ndegrees west of north (Faunt, 2009). Both the elastic and inelastic components of skeletal specific storage (Ssf) were \nsimulated with the SUB package. The elastic and inelastic skeletal storage coefficients were calculated as the product \nof the estimated elastic- and inelastic-specific storage values for coarse- and fine-grained materials and the aggregate \nthicknesses of those materials in each cell. The elastic skeletal storage coefficient of the coarse-grained deposits was \nestimated from the product of the aggregate thickness of coarse-grained deposits and the difference between estimated \nelastic-specific storage and the specific storage representing the compressibility of water (Hanson, 1988; Faunt, 2009).  \nCritical head is another parameter used by the SUB package that strongly affects storage changes, particularly the \ntiming of those changes. Critical head is the equivalent head at which effective or intergranular stress is equal to the \npre-consolidation stress (Faunt, 2009).  The equivalent critical head, or preconsolidation stress, represents the threshold \nstress that determines whether changes in stress deform the granular skeleton elastically or inelastically. For head \nchanges (whether positive or negative) in the range of heads greater than the critical head, the skeleton deforms elastically. \nFor head changes in the range of heads less than the critical head, the mode of skeletal deformation depends on the sense \nof the head change--a positive change (head increase) causes elastic deformation, and a negative change (head decrease) \ncauses inelastic deformation and re-establishes a new critical head. In the upper three model layers, specified initial critical-\nhead values were equal to the water levels estimated for the spring of 1961 (starting head values used in CVHM). In the lower \nseven model layers, the initial critical heads initially were derived from those estimated by Williamson and others (1989). \nThese heads are approximate and were interpolated from the minimum historical head values simulated in the CV-RASA \nmodel. In the final calibration, specified initial critical heads were equal to the head simulated in CVHM in September 1961. \nThese values approximate the minimum historical head value in 1961 (Faunt, 2009).The CVHM is the most recent \nregional-scale model of the Central Valley developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).  The CVHM was developed \nas part of the USGS Groundwater Resources Program (see \"Foreword\", Chapter A, page iii, for details).", "distribution": [{"@type": "dcat:Distribution", "accessURL": "https://doi.org/10.5066/P9DGOQSN", "description": "Landing page for access to the data", "format": "XML", "mediaType": "application/http", "title": "Digital Data"}, {"@type": "dcat:Distribution", "description": "The metadata original format", "downloadURL": "https://data.usgs.gov/datacatalog/metadata/USGS.cd1085d7-7fcf-40ae-90b8-d779ba3e65ed.xml", "format": "XML", "mediaType": "text/xml", "title": "Original Metadata"}], "identifier": "http://datainventory.doi.gov/id/dataset/USGS_cd1085d7-7fcf-40ae-90b8-d779ba3e65ed", "keyword": ["Alameda County", "Amador County", "Butte County", "CV-RASA", "Calaveras County", "California", "Central Valley", "Central Valley Aquifer", "Central Valley Hydrologic Model", "Central Valley, California", "Colusa County", "Contra Costa County", "El Dorado County", "Flow Model CVHM", "Fresno County", "Glenn County", "Groundwater Availability of the Central Valley Aquifer", "Humboldt County", "Kern County", "Kings County", "Lake County", "Madera County", "Mariposa County", "Mendocino County", "Merced County", "Monterey County", "Napa County", "Nevada County", "Placer County", "Sacramento County", "Sacramento Valley", "San Benito County", "San Joaquin County", "San Joaquin Valley", "San Luis Obispo County", "Santa Barbara County", "Santa Clara County", "Shasta County", "Solano County", "Sonoma County", "Stanislaus County", "Sutter County", "Tehama County", "Texture model", "Trinity County", "Tulare County", "Tuolumne County", "USGS:cd1085d7-7fcf-40ae-90b8-d779ba3e65ed", "Ventura County", "Yolo County", "Yuba County", "deposit", "geoscientificinformation", "groundwater", "hydrogeology", "hydrology", "inlandWaters", "model", "storage", "subsidence"], "modified": "2020-11-17T00:00:00Z", "publisher": {"@type": "org:Organization", "name": "U.S. Geological Survey"}, "spatial": "-123.831528, 34.519871, -117.916328, 40.748631", "theme": ["geospatial"], "title": "Critical head, thickness of fine-grained deposit, and skeletal elastic storage arrays of the SUB package of the Central Valley Hydrologic Model"}