{"accessLevel": "public", "bureauCode": ["010:12"], "contactPoint": {"@type": "vcard:Contact", "fn": "Allen M Shapiro", "hasEmail": "mailto:ashapiro@usgs.gov"}, "description": "The algorithms and input data included in this data release are used \nto interpret time-series data (water- table altitude, precipitation, and \npotential evapotranspiration) over an observation period to estimate \nmodel parameters of a State-Space (SS) model of vertical infiltration \nto a fractured-rock aquifer. The SS model is coupled with a Kalman \nFilter (KF) to estimate system states (water-table altitude and \ngroundwater recharge) over the observation period and forecast \nbeyond the end of the observation period. This SS/KF model is \nformulated for one-dimensional vertical infiltration and includes \npreferential and diffuse flow through the unsaturated zone to the \nwater table.\n\t\t\nThe analysis was conducted to demonstrate the application of \nthe SS/KF model in characterizing responses of the groundwater \ntable and estimating time-varying groundwater recharge following \nprecipitation events. In fractured rock aquifers, rapid infiltration to \nthe groundwater table following precipitation may result in groundwater \ncontamination from surface contaminants or pathogens. The \nmagnitude of the time-varying groundwater recharge can be used as \nsurrogate to indicate time-varying contamination susceptibility of the \ngroundwater, as microbial, particulate and other groundwater quality \nchemical indicators are unlikely to be available or are costly to \ndevelop with the temporal frequency needed to resolve responses to \nprecipitation events. The SS/KF model can capitalize on currently \navailable technologies and telecommunication infrastructure that \ndeliver real-time data for water table altitudes and meteorological \ninputs to conduct real-time recharge estimation and forecasting.  \n\t\t\nThirteen simulations are conducted to demonstrate the application \nof the SS/KF model to the interpretation of time series data for water \ntable altitude, precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration. The data \nused in this demonstration are from a period of record in 1999 from the \nMasser Groundwater Recharge Site in Pennsylvania, USA, which is \nadministered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research \nService.  Seasonal (Spring, Summer, and Fall) simulations using the \nSS/KF model are presented in this data release, along with the \nsimulations that considered the continuous records between February \nand December 1999. The application of the SS/KF model is demonstrated \nwith 30-mminute observations for the time series data, and also using \ndaily observations of the time-series data. The daily observations for the \nwater table altitude considered both daily average and daily maximum \nwater table altitudes.  \n\t\t\nThe algorithms used to formulate the SS/KF model and interpret the \ntime-series data are prepared in the software MATLAB, where functional \ncalls are made to available algorithms that conduct the parameter \nestimation of the SS model parameters, followed by the application of \nthe KF to perform the estimation and forecasting of models states. The \nMATLAB files developed for the simulations are available in this data \nrelease. MATLAB is a proprietary software, and thus, a stand-alone and \nexecutable version of the algorithms is not available in this data release.  \nMATLAB can be downloaded from https://www.mathworks.com.  The \nsource and description of the time-series data used in this data release \nare available in Baker et al. (https://doi.org/10.5066/P9LLXCIC). This \nUSGS data release contains all input and output files for the simulations \ndescribed in the associated journal article (https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR029110). ", "distribution": [{"@type": "dcat:Distribution", "accessURL": "https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VBR9V8", "description": "Landing page for access to the data", "format": "XML", "mediaType": "application/http", "title": "Digital Data"}, {"@type": "dcat:Distribution", "description": "The metadata original format", "downloadURL": "https://data.usgs.gov/datacatalog/metadata/USGS.2c2fd066-3a9f-46a7-b9ba-65cf6ab38385.xml", "format": "XML", "mediaType": "text/xml", "title": "Original Metadata"}], "identifier": "http://datainventory.doi.gov/id/dataset/USGS_2c2fd066-3a9f-46a7-b9ba-65cf6ab38385", "keyword": ["Broad Mountain Anticlinorium", "MATLAB", "Mississipian Age sandstone", "Northumberland County", "Pennsylvania", "Susquehanna River Basin", "USGS:2c2fd066-3a9f-46a7-b9ba-65cf6ab38385", "Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province", "environment", "geoscientificInformation", "groundwater", "inlandWaters", "mathematical simulation", "recharge", "time series analysis", "usgsgroundwatermodel"], "modified": "2020-12-11T00:00:00Z", "publisher": {"@type": "org:Organization", "name": "U.S. Geological Survey"}, "spatial": "-76.640512, 40.702118, -76.573884, 40.736528", "theme": ["geospatial"], "title": "Algorithms for model parameter estimation, state estimation, and forecasting applied to a State-Space model coupled with the Kalman Filter for one-dimensional vertical infiltration to fractured rock aquifers"}