gov.noaa.nodc:0290599 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-04-02T17:05:54Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Global climatology of 13 underwater acoustic parameters derived from WOA-2023 (NCEI Accession 0290599) 2024-04-01 publication 2025-01-21 revision 2024-03-28 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/fe7c-5f76 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0290599 NCEI Archive Management System 0290599 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Peter C. Chu US Navy/Naval Postgraduate School pcchu@nps.edu resourceProvider US Navy/Naval Postgraduate School resourceProvider Peter Chu US Navy/Naval Postgraduate School principalInvestigator Chenwu Fan US Navy/Naval Postgraduate School fan@nps.edu collaborator Chu, Peter C. US Navy; Naval Postgraduate School author Fan, Chenwu US Navy; Naval Postgraduate School fan@nps.edu author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) contributor tableDigital Acoustics is most effective in undersea detection, localization, and communication. However, there is no global climatology of underwater acoustic parameters. A multiple gradient method is used to analyze the sound speed profile, which is calculated from temperature and salinity profiles using the Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater-2010 (TEOS-10) to get the sonic layer depth (SLD), deep sound channel (DSC) axis depth, and second sound channel (SSC) axis depth from the gridded (0.25 degree, 1 degree, 5 degree) temperature and salinity fields of the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) world ocean atlas 2023. With the given (SLD, DSC axis depth, SSC axis depth), the other acoustic parameters are calculated such as sound speed at the surface, sound speed at the SLD, sound speed at the DSC axis, sound speed at the SSC axis, in-layer gradient, below-layer gradient, surface duct cut-off frequency, deep sound channel strength, critical depth of the DSC, depth excess, and second sound channel strength. Data are in NetCDF. Enhancement of WOA23 usage into underwater acoustic communication and detection. completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded NCEI Accession 0290599 was revised and a new version of the archival package was published. Updates to existing archival packages may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. The latest version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. Please see journal.txt in the /about directory for additional details on changes made. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0290599 Preview graphic PNG 0290599 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2025-01-16 publication SOUND VELOCITY theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS bathythermograph - MBT bathythermograph - XBT buoy - moored buoy CTD profiling float instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS derived products model output physical theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS US Navy/Naval Postgraduate School dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS World-Wide Distribution place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce DOD/USNAVY/NPS > Naval Postgraduate School, U.S. Navy, U.S. Department of Defense dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN ACOUSTICS > ACOUSTIC VELOCITY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Acoutic parameters theme Provider Keywords BelowLayerGradient CriticalDepth DeepSoundChannelAxisDepth DeepSoundChannelAxisSoundSpeed DeepSoundChannelStrength DepthExcess InLayerGradient SecondSoundChannelAxisDepth SecondSoundChannelStrength SonicLayerDepth SonicLayerDepthSoundSpeed SurfaceDuctCutoffFrequency SurfaceSoundSpeed theme Provider Observation Categories CTD > Conductivity, Temperature, Depth MBT > Mechanical Bathythermographs XBT > Expendable Bathythermographs instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian same as WOA23 instrument Provider Instruments same as WOA23 platform Provider Platform Names GEOGRAPHIC REGION > GLOBAL OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian U7LP6D Send2NCEI Submission Package ID accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Chu, Peter C.; Fan, Chenwu (2024). Global climatology of 13 underwater acoustic parameters derived from WOA-2023 (NCEI Accession 0290599). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/fe7c-5f76. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Chu, P. C., & Fan, C. (2010). A Conserved Minimal Adjustment Scheme for Stabilization of Hydrographic Profiles. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 27(6), 1072–1083. https://doi.org/10.1175/2010jtecho742.1 2010-06-01 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1175/2010jtecho742.1 https://doi.org/10.1175/2010jtecho742.1 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1175/2010jtecho742.1 Related journal article information Chu, Peter C. Department of Oceanography, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California author Fan, Chenwu Department of Oceanography, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California author American Meteorological Society publisher documentDigital Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 27(6) ISSN 1520-0426, ISSN 0739-0572, pp. 1072-1083 crossReference sciencePaper Chu, P. C., & Fan, C. (2011). Maximum angle method for determining mixed layer depth from seaglider data. Journal of Oceanography, 67(2), 219–230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-011-0019-2 2011-04 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-011-0019-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-011-0019-2 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-011-0019-2 Related journal article information Chu, Peter C. author Fan, Chenwu author Springer Science and Business Media LLC publisher documentDigital J Oceanogr 67(2) ISSN 0916-8370, ISSN 1573-868X, pp. 219-230 crossReference sciencePaper Chu, P. C., & Fan, C. (2010). Optimal Linear Fitting for Objective Determination of Ocean Mixed Layer Depth from Glider Profiles. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 27(11), 1893–1898. https://doi.org/10.1175/2010jtecho804.1 2010-11-01 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1175/2010jtecho804.1 https://doi.org/10.1175/2010jtecho804.1 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1175/2010jtecho804.1 Related journal article information Chu, Peter C. Department of Oceanography, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California author Fan, Chenwu Department of Oceanography, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California author American Meteorological Society publisher documentDigital Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 27(11) ISSN 1520-0426, ISSN 0739-0572, pp. 1893-1898 crossReference sciencePaper Chu, P. C., Amezaga, Jr, G. R., Gottshall, E. L., & Cwalina, D. S. (2007). Ocean Nowcast/Forecast Systems for Improvement of Naval Undersea Capabilities. Marine Technology Society Journal, 41(2), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.4031/002533207787442178 2007-06-01 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.4031/002533207787442178 https://doi.org/10.4031/002533207787442178 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.4031/002533207787442178 Related journal article information Chu, Peter C. author Amezaga, Jr, G. R. author Gottshall, Eric L. author Cwalina, David S. author Marine Technology Society publisher documentDigital mar technol soc j 41(2) ISSN 0025-3324, pp. 23-30 crossReference sciencePaper Chu, P. C., & Fan, C. (2024). Global climatological dataset of undersea acoustic parameters derived from the NCEI World Ocean Atlas 2023. Scientific Data, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-04074-6 2024-11-28 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-04074-6 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-04074-6 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-04074-6 Related journal article information Chu, Peter C. Naval Postgraduate School author Fan, Chenwu author Springer Science and Business Media LLC publisher documentDigital Sci Data 11(1) ISSN 2052-4463 crossReference sciencePaper Chu, P. C., & Fan, C. (2023). Global climatological data of ocean thermohaline parameters derived from WOA18. Scientific Data, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02308-7 2023-06-24 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02308-7 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02308-7 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02308-7 Related dataset information Chu, Peter C. Naval Postgraduate School author Fan, Chenwu author Springer Science and Business Media LLC publisher documentDigital Sci Data 10(1) ISSN 2052-4463 crossReference study eng; USA utf8 environment oceans -180 180 -90 90 1900-01-01 2023-12-31 This dataset has multiple versions. The highest version is the most complete. Updates were received in /nodc/data/NCEI-S2N/SIP/0N972X NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Originator data format 281.308 https://doi.org/10.25921/fe7c-5f76 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/290599 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/290599 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0224/0290599/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0290599 v1.1 was published. 2024-04-01T13:02:13Z NCEI Accession 0290599 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0290599/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0290599 v1.1 published 2024-04-01T13:02:13Z download NCEI Accession 0290599 was revised and v2.2 was published. Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. 2025-01-21T19:08:47Z NCEI Accession 0290599 v2.2 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0290599/2.2 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0290599 v2.2 published 2025-01-21T19:08:47Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: Acoutic parameters (calculated); Units: m; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: WOA23; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Same as WOA23; Data Quality Method: Same as WOA23 asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian bathythermograph - MBT bathythermograph - MBT Mechanical BathyThermograph bathythermograph - XBT bathythermograph - XBT eXpendable BathyThermograph buoy - moored buoy buoy - moored buoy a moored buoy does not measure anything. it is a platform for instruments, which do measure things. CTD CTD Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe profiling float profiling float PALACE and other types of profiling drifters any one of several types of free-drifting (floating) instrument packages that measure one or more water column parameters, such as temperature, salinity, etc., along with reporting the date, time, and location of the measurements taken over time. Examples include the P-ALACE or PALACE floats, drifting buoys, etc.