{"@type": "dcat:Dataset", "accessLevel": "public", "bureauCode": ["011:21"], "contactPoint": {"@type": "vcard:Contact", "fn": "Open Data Office of Justice Programs (USDOJ)", "hasEmail": "mailto:opendata@usdoj.gov"}, "dataQuality": false, "description": "In 1980, the National Institute of Justice awarded a grant\r\nto the Cornell University College of Human Ecology for the\r\nestablishment of the Center for the Study of Race, Crime, and Social\r\nPolicy in Oakland, California. This center mounted a long-term\r\nresearch project that sought to explain the wide variation in crime\r\nstatistics by race and ethnicity. Using information from eight ethnic\r\ncommunities in Oakland, California, representing working- and\r\nmiddle-class Black, White, Chinese, and Hispanic groups, as well as\r\nadditional data from Oakland's justice systems and local\r\norganizations, the center conducted empirical research to describe the\r\ncriminalization process and to explore the relationship between race\r\nand crime. The differences in observed patterns and levels of crime\r\nwere analyzed in terms of: (1) the abilities of local ethnic\r\ncommunities to contribute to, resist, neutralize, or otherwise affect\r\nthe criminalization of its members, (2) the impacts of criminal\r\njustice policies on ethnic communities and their members, and (3) the\r\ncumulative impacts of criminal justice agency decisions on the\r\nprocessing of individuals in the system. Administrative records data\r\nwere gathered from two sources, the Alameda County Criminal Oriented\r\nRecords Production System (CORPUS) (Part 1) and the Oakland District\r\nAttorney Legal Information System (DALITE) (Part 2). In addition to\r\ncollecting administrative data, the researchers also surveyed\r\nresidents (Part 3), police officers (Part 4), and public defenders and\r\ndistrict attorneys (Part 5). The eight study areas included a middle-\r\nand low-income pair of census tracts for each of the four\r\nracial/ethnic groups: white, Black, Hispanic, and Asian. Part 1,\r\nCriminal Oriented Records Production System (CORPUS) Data, contains\r\ninformation on offenders' most serious felony and misdemeanor arrests,\r\ndispositions, offense codes, bail arrangements, fines, jail terms, and\r\npleas for both current and prior arrests in Alameda\r\nCounty. Demographic variables include age, sex, race, and marital\r\nstatus. Variables in Part 2, District Attorney Legal Information\r\nSystem (DALITE) Data, include current and prior charges, days from\r\noffense to charge, disposition, and arrest, plea agreement conditions,\r\nfinal results from both municipal court and superior court, sentence\r\noutcomes, date and outcome of arraignment, disposition, and sentence,\r\nnumber and type of enhancements, numbers of convictions, mistrials,\r\nacquittals, insanity pleas, and dismissals, and factors that\r\ndetermined the prison term. For Part 3, Oakland Community Crime Survey\r\nData, researchers interviewed 1,930 Oakland residents from eight\r\ncommunities. Information was gathered from community residents on the\r\nquality of schools, shopping, and transportation in their\r\nneighborhoods, the neighborhood's racial composition, neighborhood\r\nproblems, such as noise, abandoned buildings, and drugs, level of\r\ncrime in the neighborhood, chances of being victimized, how\r\nrespondents would describe certain types of criminals in terms of age,\r\nrace, education, and work history, community involvement, crime\r\nprevention measures, the performance of the police, judges, and\r\nattorneys, victimization experiences, and fear of certain types of\r\ncrimes. Demographic variables include age, sex, race, and family\r\nstatus. For Part 4, Oakland Police Department Survey Data, Oakland\r\nCounty police officers were asked about why they joined the police\r\nforce, how they perceived their role, aspects of a good and a bad\r\npolice officer, why they believed crime was down, and how they would\r\ndescribe certain beats in terms of drug availability, crime rates,\r\nsocioeconomic status, number of juveniles, potential for violence,\r\nresidential versus commercial, and degree of danger. Officers were\r\nalso asked about problems particular neighborhoods were experiencing,\r\nstrategies for reducing crime, difficulties in doing police work well,\r\nand work conditions. Demographic variables include age, sex, race,\r\nmarital status, level of education, and years on the force. In Part 5,\r\nPublic Defender/District Attorney Survey Data, public defenders and\r\ndistrict attorneys were queried regarding which offenses were\r\nincreasing most rapidly in Oakland, and they were asked to rank\r\ncertain offenses in terms of seriousness. Respondents were also asked\r\nabout the public's influence on criminal justice agencies and on the\r\nperformance of certain criminal justice agencies. Respondents were\r\npresented with a list of crimes and asked how typical these offenses\r\nwere and what factors influenced their decisions about such cases\r\n(e.g., intent, motive, evidence, behavior, prior history, injury or\r\nloss, substance abuse, emotional trauma). Other variables measured how\r\noften and under what circumstances the public defender and client and\r\nthe public defender and the district attorney agreed on the case,\r\ndefendant characteristics in terms of who should not be put on the\r\nstand, the effects of Proposition 8, public defender and district\r\nattorney plea guidelines, attorney discretion, and advantageous and\r\ndisadvantageous characteristics of a defendant. Demographic variables\r\ninclude age, sex, race, marital status, religion, years of experience,\r\nand area of responsibility.", "distribution": [{"@type": "dcat:Distribution", "accessURL": "https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR09961.v1", "title": "Study of Race, Crime, and Social Policy in Oakland, California, 1976-1982"}], "identifier": "3441", "issued": "2000-05-17T00:00:00", "keyword": ["communities", "crime", "crime statistics", "criminal histories", "criminal justice system", "ethnicity", "neighborhood characteristics", "neighborhoods", "police officers", "policies and procedures", "public defenders", "race"], "language": ["eng"], "license": "http://www.usa.gov/publicdomain/label/1.0/", "modified": "2006-03-30T00:00:00", "programCode": ["011:060"], "publisher": {"@type": "org:Organization", "name": "National Institute of Justice", "subOrganizationOf": {"acronym": "OJP", "id": 22, "name": "Office of Justice Programs", "parentOrganization": {"acronym": "DOJ", "id": 10, "name": "Department of Justice"}, "parentOrganizationID": 10}}, "title": "Study of Race, Crime, and Social Policy in Oakland, California, 1976-1982"}