noaa-recon-33112 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2024-01-22 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Globally Resolved Surface Temperatures Since the Last Glacial Maximum 2021-11-10 publication doi:10.25921/njxd-hg08 noaa-recon-33112 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Osman, M.B. originator Osman, M.B. author Tierney, J.E. originator Tierney, J.E. author Tardif, R. originator Tardif, R. author Hakim, G.J. originator Hakim, G.J. author Poulsen, C.J. originator Poulsen, C.J. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Climate Reconstruction. The data include parameters of climate reconstructions|paleoceanography|paleoclimatic modeling with a geographic location of Global. The time period coverage is from 24000 to 0 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Records of past temperature, precipitation, and other climate variables derived from paleoclimate proxies. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this data set. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the data set citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-recon.png Paleoclimatology - Climate Reconstruction PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Paleoclimate Reconstructions theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|paleoceanography|paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|paleoceanography|paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|paleoceanography|paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|paleoceanography|paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|paleoceanography|paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|paleoceanography|paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|paleoceanography|paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|paleoceanography|paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|paleoceanography|paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|paleoceanography|paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|paleoceanography|paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|paleoceanography|paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|paleoceanography|paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|paleoceanography|paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|paleoceanography|paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > reconstructions > air temperature earth science > paleoclimate > reconstructions > sea surface temperature theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Air Temperature Reconstruction Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction theme What: air temperature; Material: null What: air temperature; Material: null What: air temperature; Material: null What: sea surface temperature; Material: null What: latitude; Material: null What: sea surface temperature; Material: null What: delta 18O; Material: precipitation What: air temperature; Material: null What: air temperature; Material: null What: delta 18O; Material: precipitation What: age; Material: null What: longitude; Material: null What: sea surface temperature; Material: null What: air temperature; Material: null What: delta 18O; Material: precipitation theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Geographic Region > Global > Global > LATITUDE > LONGITUDE place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Osman, M.B.; Tierney, J.E.; Tardif, R.; Hakim, G.J.; Poulsen, C.J. (2021-11-10): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Globally Resolved Surface Temperatures Since the Last Glacial Maximum. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/njxd-hg08. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. Globally resolved surface temperatures since the Last Glacial Maximum 2021 publication Matthew B. Osman, Jessica E. Tierney, Jiang Zhu, Robert Tardif, Gregory J. Hakim, Jonathan King, Christopher J. Poulsen author Nature publisher https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03984-4 HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 2021 Matthew B. Osman, Jessica E. Tierney, Jiang Zhu, Robert Tardif, Gregory J. Hakim, Jonathan King, Christopher J. Poulsen, 2021: Globally resolved surface temperatures since the Last Glacial Maximum. Nature, 599, 239-244, 10.1038/s41586-021-03984-4 information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 24000 cal yr BP to 0 cal yr BP; -180 180 -90 90 -22050 1950 STUDY NOTES: This dataset contains gridded global climate reconstructions of annual mean surface air temperature (SAT), sea surface temperature (SST), d18O of precipitation (d18Op), and global mean surface temperature (GMST) from the Last Glacial Maximum Reanalysis (LGMR). The LGMR spans the interval 24 to 0 ka BP at 200 year mean resolution, based on paleoclimate data assimilation of equilibrium "time-slice" simulations conducted at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 21 ka BP using the water isotope-enabled Community Earth System Model, versions 1.2 and 1.3 (iCESM1.2 and iCESM1.3; c.f., Methods section). All LGMR files are provided in netCDF (.nc) format, with two files for each climate variable: an ensemble file (ens) containing all (n = 500) LGMR ensemble members, and a climatology file (climo) containing the ensemble mean and standard deviation. Note that, due to the large size of the SST output, SST ensemble members are broken up into 10 different files each containing n = 50 ensemble members. LGMR SAT and d18Op are provided at a horizontal resolution of 1.9deg x 2.5deg (latitude x longitude) and SST at a nominal resolution of 1deg near the equator (note both gridding schemes represent the native resolutions used by the iCESM's component atmosphere and ocean models). In addition, all marine geochemical sea surface temperature proxy data (d18Oc, Mg/Ca, TEX86, and UK37) used in the LGMR are available in proxyDatabase.nc. Full file list: LGMR_d18Op_climo.nc, LGMR_d18Op_ens.nc, LGMR_GMST_climo.nc, LGMR_GMST_ens.nc, LGMR_SAT_climo.nc, LGMR_SAT_ens.nc, LGMR_SST_climo.nc, LGMR_SST_ens_101-150.nc, LGMR_SST_ens_1-50.nc, LGMR_SST_ens_151-200.nc, LGMR_SST_ens_201-250.nc, LGMR_SST_ens_251-300.nc, LGMR_SST_ens_301-350.nc, LGMR_SST_ens_351-400.nc, LGMR_SST_ens_401-450.nc, LGMR_SST_ens_451-500.nc, LGMR_SST_ens_51-100.nc, proxyDatabase.nc. All files available at: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/osman2021/. MATLAB code used to generate the LGMR reconstruction are available at https://github.com/JonKing93/DASH. The accompanying Bayesian proxy forward models (BAYSPAR, BAYSPLINE, BAYFOX, and BAYMAG) are at https://github.com/jesstierney. The iCESM model code is available at https://github.com/NCAR/iCESM1.2. ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: Climate changes across the past 24,000 years provide key insights into Earth system responses to external forcing. Climate model simulations and proxy data have independently allowed for study of this crucial interval; however, they have at times yielded disparate conclusions. Here, we leverage both types of information using paleoclimate data assimilation to produce the first proxy-constrained, full-field reanalysis of surface temperature change spanning the Last Glacial Maximum to present at 200-year resolution. We demonstrate that temperature variability across the past 24 thousand years was linked to two primary climatic mechanisms: radiative forcing from ice sheets and greenhouse gases; and a superposition of changes in the ocean overturning circulation and seasonal insolation. In contrast with previous proxy-based reconstructions our results show that global mean temperature has slightly but steadily warmed, by ~0.5C, since the early Holocene (around 9 thousand years ago). When compared with recent temperature changes, our reanalysis indicates that both the rate and magnitude of modern warming are unusual relative to the changes of the past 24 thousand years. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/njxd-hg08 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/33112 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/climate-reconstruction HTTPS Information NCEI Climate Reconstruction Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/osman2021/iCESM_priors/ HTTPS Download /reconstructions/osman2021/iCESM_priors/ Data Folder download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/osman2021/ HTTPS Download /reconstructions/osman2021/ Data Folder download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21