gov.noaa.nodc:0162405 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-07-16T13:01:25Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Gentoo penguin foraging in Antarctic, Southern Oceans (> 60 degrees South), and South Shetland Islands, Antarctic from 2005-04-03 to 2008-09-30 (NCEI Accession 0162405) 2017-04-28 publication 2017-04-20 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.7289/v50g3h6z NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0162405 NCEI Archive Management System 0162405 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Stephanie Sexton NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SWFSC) Stephanie.Sexton@noaa.gov https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/about/southwest-fisheries-science-center HTTPS NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SWFSC) website Institution web page information resourceProvider NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SWFSC) https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/about/southwest-fisheries-science-center HTTPS NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SWFSC) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Jefferson T Hinke NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SWFSC) Jefferson.Hinke@noaa.gov https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/about/southwest-fisheries-science-center HTTPS NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SWFSC) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Hinke, Jefferson T. NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/about/southwest-fisheries-science-center HTTPS NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SWFSC) website Institution web page information author Trivelpiece, Wayne Z. author U.S. AMLR Program author NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Fisheries (NMFS) website Institution web page information author NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SWFSC) AERD Data Manager aerddatamanager.swfsc@noaa.gov https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/about/southwest-fisheries-science-center HTTPS NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SWFSC) website Institution web page information pointOfContact Stephanie Sexton NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SWFSC) stephanie.sexton@noaa.gov https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/about/southwest-fisheries-science-center HTTPS NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SWFSC) website Institution web page information pointOfContact NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SWFSC) https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/about/southwest-fisheries-science-center HTTPS NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SWFSC) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This data set contains water and air temperature data in addition to duration of time spent at temperature to provide estimates of daily activity and consequent demand for food during winter for gentoo penguins. These estimates are scarce for many polar seabirds, yet they are essential for assessing constraints on foraging effort, demand for food, and potential competition with local fisheries. We affixed archival temperature tags to gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) from two colonies in the South Shetland Islands to measure the frequency, timing, and duration of foraging trips and to estimate minimum food requirements during winter. We use temperature-recording archival tags to measure the basic activity patterns of gentoo penguins from two breeding colonies in the South Shetland Islands during the 2005, 2006, and 2008 austral winters. We first ask whether foraging trip frequencies, timing, and durations during winter differ across space and time. We then examine the relationship of trip durations with day length to assess how rapid changes in day length during winter affect foraging behavior. Finally, from the observations of daily activity, we estimate the minimum food requirements that are necessary to meet daily energy expenditures associated with the observed daily activity. Funding Agency: Pew Charitable Trusts/Lenfest Oceans Program Funding Agency: National Science Foundation; Directorate for Geosciences; Polar Programs Funding Agency: NOAA Fisheries completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0162405 Preview graphic PNG 0162405 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2017-03-28 publication ANIMALS - INDIVIDUAL biological data BIRDS WATER TEMPERATURE theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS temperature sensor instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS biological in situ theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Southern Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DOC/NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC > Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian U.S. Antarctic Marine Living Resources (AMLR) Program/NOAA/NMFS project Provider Project Names EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES > BIRDS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian AMLR (Antarctic Marine Living Resources) Euphausia superba Pygoscelis archival tag ecosystem environmental gentoo krill penguins seasonality winter consumption theme Provider Keywords TEMPERATURE SENSORS > TEMPERATURE SENSORS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian temperature-recording archival tags instrument Provider Instruments Admiralty Bay Antarctic Antarctica Bransfield Strait Cape Shirreff Copacabana King George Island Livingston Island South Shetlands place Antarctic Location Keywords OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian 3G4LUL Send2NCEI Submission Package ID accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Hinke, Jefferson T.; Trivelpiece, Wayne Z.; U.S. AMLR Program; NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (2017). Gentoo penguin foraging in Antarctic, Southern Oceans (> 60 degrees South), and South Shetland Islands, Antarctic from 2005-04-03 to 2008-09-30 (NCEI Accession 0162405). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.7289/v50g3h6z. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Southwest Fisheries Science Center U.S. Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program publication https://swfsc.noaa.gov/AERD-Data/ HTTPS Program Data Page Project Webpage information crossReference Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 2018: AMLR Temperature Recording Archival Tags Gentoos 2005-2008 v1.2, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/37066. 2018-09-04 publication gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:37066 https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/37066 HTTPS https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/37066 InPort Metadata Record information NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SWFSC) https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/about/southwest-fisheries-science-center HTTPS NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SWFSC) website Institution web page information publisher tableDigital crossReference Hinke, J. T., & Trivelpiece, W. Z. (2011). Daily activity and minimum food requirements during winter for gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Polar Biology, 34(10), 1579–1590. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-011-1018-x 2011-05-10 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-011-1018-x https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-011-1018-x HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-011-1018-x Journal Article information Hinke, Jefferson T. author Trivelpiece, Wayne Z. author Springer Science and Business Media LLC publisher documentDigital Polar Biol 34(10) ISSN 0722-4060, ISSN 1432-2056, pp. 1579-1590 crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA utf8 environment oceans biota -64 -43 -65 -58 2005-04-03 2008-09-30 Gentoo penguins foraging trip frequencies ranged from 0.85 to 1.0 trips day-1 and were positively correlated with day length. Early winter foraging trips more closely matched day length than late winter foraging trips. The data suggest that individuals maximize foraging time during the early winter period, likely to recover body mass following the breeding season and molt. The more attenuated response of foraging trip durations to increasing day length in late winter may be related to differences in local resource availability or individual behaviors prior to the upcoming breeding season. Minimum food requirements also exhibited a seasonal cycle with a mid-winter minimum. Extrapolated to the regional population of gentoo penguins, winter food requirements by gentoo penguins were equivalent to roughly 33 percent of annual krill catches by commercial fisheries in the South Shetland Island region over the past decade. Current expansion of the gentoo population and the krill fishery in the southern Scotia Sea warrants continued monitoring of gentoo penguins during winter. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Originator data format 4.172 https://doi.org/10.7289/v50g3h6z HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/162405 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/162405 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0106/0162405/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0162405 v1.1 was published. 2017-04-28T21:36:16Z NCEI Accession 0162405 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0162405/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0162405 v1.1 published 2017-04-28T21:36:16Z download asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian temperature sensor temperature sensor A sensor used to measure temperature.