noaa-coral-1845 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2025-07-11 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Tarawa Atoll - Stable Isotope and Mn/Ca Data 1993-06-18 publication doi:10.25921/3gyj-gt22 noaa-coral-1845 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Cole, J.E. originator Cole, J.E. author Fairbanks, R.G. originator Fairbanks, R.G. author Shen, G.T. originator Shen, G.T. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Coral. The data include parameters of corals and sclerosponges with a geographic location of Kiribati, Central Pacific Ocean. The time period coverage is from 56 to -40 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Records of past climate and ocean environment derived from stable isotope, trace metal, and other measurements made on corals and sclerosponges. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this dataset. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the dataset citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-coral.png Paleoclimatology - Coral and Sclerosponge PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Biological Records > Coral Deposits Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Ocean/Lake Records > Coral Deposits Earth Science > Paleoclimate > Ocean/Lake Records > Coral Deposits theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges > trace metals earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges > oxygen isotopes earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges > carbon isotopes theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian PAGES 2k Network PAGES Australasia 2k theme What: delta 18O; Material: Porites lobata What: depth; Material: null What: age; Material: null What: delta 18O; Material: Hydnophora microconos What: delta 13C; Material: Hydnophora microconos What: age; Material: null What: manganese/calcium; Material: Hydnophora microconos theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Kiribati > Tarawa Atoll > LATITUDE 1.33 > LONGITUDE 172.97 place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Cole, J.E.; Fairbanks, R.G.; Shen, G.T. (1993-06-18): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Tarawa Atoll - Stable Isotope and Mn/Ca Data. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/3gyj-gt22. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. The Spectrum of Recent Variability in the Southern Oscillation: Results from a Tarawa Atoll Coral 1993 publication Cole, J.E., R.G. Fairbanks, and G.T. Shen author Science publisher https://doi.org/10.1126/science.260.5115.1790 HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 1993 Cole, J.E., R.G. Fairbanks, and G.T. Shen, 1993: The Spectrum of Recent Variability in the Southern Oscillation: Results from a Tarawa Atoll Coral. Science, 260, 1790-1793, 10.1126/science.260.5115.1790 information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 1894 CE to 1990 CE; Date Range: 56 cal yr BP to -40 cal yr BP; 172.97 172.97 1.33 1.33 Study Coordinates 1.33 172.97 1894 1990 STUDY NOTES: High-resolution (monthly) coral stable isotope and Mn/Ca from Tarawa Atoll, Republic of Kiribati. Included are 20 year (1959-1979 AD) records of d13C and d18O (Cole and Fairbanks, 1990) and Mn/Ca (Shen et al. 1992), plus a 96 year (1894 - 1990 AD) record of d18O (Cole et al. 1993). Site: Tarawa Atoll, Republic of Kiribati (1 N, 172 E) Water depth: 2-4m Coral species Hydnophora microconos (short records) and Porites lobata (long record). Data are stable isotope data presented by Cole and Fairbanks (1990) and Mn/Ca data presented by Shen et al. (1992) for 1959-1979 AD, and d18O data presented by Cole, Fairbanks, and Shen (1993) for the years 1894-1990. All stable isotopes were measured on untreated coral samples at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory by J. Cole and R. Fairbanks, on a Finnigan MAT-251 mass spectrometer with automated Carousel-48 carbonate device. Raw values are in standard per mil notation relative to PDB. For normalization in Cole et al. 1993, we subtracted the monthly mean from each monthly value and divided by the standard deviation of the full dataset. Measurement precisions are 0.08 per mil for d18O and 0.04 per mil for d13C. Mn/Ca measurements were performed at the University of Washington by G. Shen and L. Linn by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry; only coral LDGO-44 was analyzed for Mn/Ca. Sample treatment procedures are described in Shen et al. (1992). Average departures from duplicate means are 1.6 nmol Mn/mol Ca. Ages for all samples in this file were derived from annual variations in d13C, assumed to correspond with annual rainy seasons as described in Cole and Fairbanks (1990). Density banding confirms these ages for LDGO-44 samples, but coral LDGO-39 did not exhibit clearly annual banding patterns. For Mn/Ca data prior to 1962 in LDGO-44, ages were determined by extrapolation based on density band data, as isotopic data only extends to 1962 in LDGO-44. ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: In the western tropical Pacific, the interannual migration of the Indonesian Low convective system causes changes in rainfall that dominate the regional signature of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) system. A 96-year oxygen isotope record from a Tarawa Atoll coral (1°N, 172°E) reflects regional convective activity through rainfall-induced salinity changes. This monthly resolution record spans twice the length of the local climatological record and provides a history of ENSO variability comparable in quality with those derived from instrumental climate data. Comparison of this coral record with a historical chronology of EI Niño events indicates that climate anomalies in coastal South America are occasionally decoupled from Pacific-wide ENSO extremes. Spectral analysis suggests that the distribution of variance in this record has shifted among annual to interannual periods during the present century, concurrent with observed changes in the strength of the Southern Oscillation. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/3gyj-gt22 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/1845 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/coral-sclerosponge HTTPS Information NCEI Coral Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/cole1993-mon_noaa.txt HTTPS Download /coral/west_pacific/cole1993-mon_noaa.txt Coral download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/cole1993-ldgo-44_noaa.txt HTTPS Download /coral/west_pacific/cole1993-ldgo-44_noaa.txt Coral download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/cole1993-ldgo-39_noaa.txt HTTPS Download /coral/west_pacific/cole1993-ldgo-39_noaa.txt Coral download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/image/tar44o18.gif HTTPS Download /coral/image/tar44o18.gif Coral download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/image/tar44c13.gif HTTPS Download /coral/image/tar44c13.gif Coral download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/image/tar39o18.gif HTTPS Download /coral/image/tar39o18.gif Coral download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/image/tar39c13.gif HTTPS Download /coral/image/tar39c13.gif Coral download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21