gov.noaa.nodc:0277785 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-07-28T13:38:15Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Surface underway measurements of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity and other parameters from Autonomous Surface Vehicle (ASV) Saildrone Explorer 1079 (EuroSea project) (EXPOCODE 32DB20210918) in the Atlantic Ocean from 2021-09-18 to 2022-02-03 (NCEI Accession 0277785) 2023-04-27 publication 2023-04-24 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/qkma-5a08 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0277785 NCEI Archive Management System 0277785 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Kevin M. O'Brien University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) kevin.m.o'brien@noaa.gov https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) website Institution web page information resourceProvider NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Cathy Wimart-Rousseau GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) cwimart-rousseau@geomar.de http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Björn Fiedler GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Adrienne Sutton NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) Adrienne.Sutton@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Wimart-Rousseau, Cathy GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information author Sutton, Adrienne J. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Fiedler, Björn GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information author GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This dataset includes surface chemical, meteorological and physical data collected from Autonomous Surface Vehicle (ASV) Saildrone Explorer 1079 (EuroSea project) (EXPOCODE 32DB20210918) in the Atlantic Ocean from 2021-09-18 to 2022-02-03. A Saildrone is a wind-powered ASV that is operated and piloted by the company Saildrone Inc. Forward propulsion is generated from wind and electricity from solar radiation. The ASV is also equipped with a CO2 measurement system developed by NOAA (ASVmapCO2 v2) that is capable of measuring pCO2 in the ocean and atmosphere (0.5 meters under and above the sea surface, respectively). The platform also carries reference gases certified against WMO standards as well as a CO2 scrubber to assure accuracy of obtained data. Briefly, the SD includes a LICOR system (LI-830) that determines the CO2 gas concentration by measuring the absorption of infrared energy as a sample gas flows through an optical path. The CO2 concentration is based on the difference ratio in the IR absorption between a reference and a sample optical path. The ASVCO2 system on the SD is equipped with on-board reference gas containers to calibrate itself before and after each measurement, and readings of zero gas and reference gas values (that span the ocean pCO2 values of the location where the system is deployed) are made immediately before the calibration. In the framework of the EuroSea project (Task 7.3), a demonstration mission in the Tropical Atlantic has been conducted to enhance and optimize the network design of the Tropical Atlantic Observing System (TAOS) following an integrative multi-platform approach. The central component of this mission is the use of autonomous surface vehicles, including one SailDrone platform, to provide high-quality carbon data from the surface ocean and the atmosphere to derive accurate estimates for air-sea gas exchange in a remote area such as the Tropical Atlantic. Deployment was realized between September 2021 and February 2022. This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis. Funding Information: European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (EuroSea project, 862626) completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0277785 Preview graphic PNG 0277785 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2024-04-19 publication BAROMETRIC PRESSURE Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water RELATIVE HUMIDITY SALINITY - SURFACE WATER WATER TEMPERATURE xCO2 seawater theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS barometric pressure sensor bubble type equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer salinometer temperature sensor instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS chemical meteorological physical surface underway theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS North Atlantic Ocean South Atlantic Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DE/GEOMAR > GEOMAR - Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany DOC/NOAA/OAR/PMEL > Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Saildrone EuroSea 2021 project Cruise ID 32DB20210918 project EXPOCODE Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project project Ocean Acidification Search Keywords EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY > CARBON AND HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS > ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE > PARTIAL PRESSURE OF CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR > WATER VAPOR INDICATORS > HUMIDITY > RELATIVE HUMIDITY EARTH SCIENCE > CLIMATE INDICATORS > ATMOSPHERIC/OCEAN INDICATORS > SURFACE SALINITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Autonomous Surface Vehicle (ASV) Surface underway theme OCADS Study Type Saildrone theme Provider Keywords Atm. Pressure Atm. xCO2 (dry) Rel. Hum. SSS SST xCO2 (equitemp, dry) [ppm]; pCO2 (SST, 100hum.) [µatm]; fCO2 (SST, 100hum.) [µatm] theme Provider Variable Abbreviations BAROMETERS > BAROMETERS CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS EQUILIBRATORS SALINOMETERS TEMPERATURE SENSORS > TEMPERATURE SENSORS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Saildrone platform Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Saildrone platform Platform Keywords autonomous surface water vehicle platform SeaVoX Platform Categories OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Wimart-Rousseau, Cathy; Sutton, Adrienne J.; Fiedler, Björn (2023). Surface underway measurements of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity and other parameters from Autonomous Surface Vehicle (ASV) Saildrone Explorer 1079 (EuroSea project) (EXPOCODE 32DB20210918) in the Atlantic Ocean from 2021-09-18 to 2022-02-03 (NCEI Accession 0277785). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/qkma-5a08. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Sutton, A. J., Sabine, C. L., Maenner-Jones, S., Lawrence-Slavas, N., Meinig, C., Feely, R. A., Mathis, J. T., Musielewicz, S., Bott, R., McLain, P. D., Fought, H. J., & Kozyr, A. (2014). A high-frequency atmospheric and seawater pCO2 data set from 14 open-ocean sites using a moored autonomous system. Earth System Science Data, 6(2), 353–366. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-353-2014 2014-11-06 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-353-2014 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-353-2014 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-353-2014 related journal article information Sutton, A. J. Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory author Sabine, C. L. author Maenner-Jones, S. author Lawrence-Slavas, N. author Meinig, C. author Feely, R. A. author Mathis, J. T. author Musielewicz, S. author Bott, R. author McLain, P. D. author Fought, H. J. author Kozyr, A. author Copernicus GmbH publisher documentDigital Earth Syst. Sci. Data 6(2) ISSN 1866-3516, pp. 353-366 crossReference project Autonomous Surface Vehicle (ASV) Data 2022 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/ASV/ HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/ASV/ Related resource information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital crossReference project NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system 2022-04 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system OCADS website information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital [accessed 2024-02-08] crossReference program eng; USA utf8 environment oceans climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere -26.457 -9.83 -.004 17.641 2021-09-18 2022-02-03 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. CSV 0.792 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0277785.html HTTPS Web browser Project Metadata Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://doi.org/10.25921/qkma-5a08 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/277785 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/277785 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0212/0277785/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0277785 v1.1 was published. 2023-04-27T20:12:30Z NCEI Accession 0277785 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0277785/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0277785 v1.1 published 2023-04-27T20:12:30Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: pCO2 (fCO2) autonomous; Abbreviation: xCO2 (equitemp, dry) [ppm]; pCO2 (SST, 100hum.) [µatm]; fCO2 (SST, 100hum.) [µatm]; Unit: ppm; Observation type: surface underway; Sampling instrument: water collection with pump; Location of seawater intake: keel; Analyzing instrument: ASV CO2 system; Equilibrator type: Bubble Equilibrator; Is the equilibrator vented or not: Vented; Gas flow rate: ~660 cc/min; How was temperature inside the equilibrator measured: The equilibrator temperature is equal to the SST as the SBE sensor is mounted close to ASVCO2 system. The SBE SBE37-SMP-ODO Microcat sensor was calibrated in May 2021.; How was pressure inside the equilibrator measured: Equilibrator pressure is measured by the LICOR 830. The system has been installed in June 2021 and the last pressure bias was measured in May 2021.; Drying method for gas: Nafion dryer; SEA CO2 gas detector manufacturer: LI-COR (non-dispersive IR detector); SEA CO2 gas detector model: 830; SEA CO2 gas detector uncertainty: The standard operating procedure results in an uncertainity of less than 3 uatm.; Standardization technique: At the beginning of each sample, the instrument self-calibrates using a zero and high standard. The zero standard is generated by cycling a small amount of air through a soda lime chamber. The high standard is from a cylinder of calibrated standard reference gas, 495.95 umol/mol, from ESRL.; Standard gas manufacturer: From the Saildrone portal - Number:JJ13592 - 499.26 (from: https://gml.noaa.gov/ccl/refgas.html); Standard gas uncertainty: 0.01 (from: https://gml.noaa.gov/ccl/refgas.html); Water vapor correction method: The CO2 system uses temperature and relative humidity to calculate the mole fraction of CO2 (xCO2) dry (Sutton, A.J., Sabine, C.L., Maenner-Jones, S., Lawrence-Slavas, N., Meinig, C., Feely, R.A., Mathis, J.T., Musielewicz, S., Bott, R., McLain, P.D., Fought, J., Kozyr, A., 2014. A high-frequency atmospheric and seawater pCO2 data set from 14 open ocean sites using a moored autonomous system. Earth Sys. Sci. Data, 6, doi: 10.5194/essd-6-353-2014, 353-366). The dried sample was corrected to 100% humidity which was calculated following Dickson, A. G., Sabine, C. L. and Christian, J.R. (2007),Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements, PICES Special Publication 3, 191pp. Chapter 5: Physical and thermodynamic dat, based on: Wagner, W. and Pruss, A. (2002). The IAPWS formulation 1995 for the thermodynamic properties of ordinary water substance for general and scientific use, J. Phs. Chem. Ref. Data, 31, 387-535 and Millero, F.J. (1974). Seawater as a multicomponent electrolyte solution, pp.3-80 In: The Sea, Vol. 5, E.D. Goldberg Ed.; Temperature correction method: As the equilibrator temperature is equal to the intake temperature, no correction has been done.; At what temperature was pCO2 reported: SST (As the intake equilibrator temperature is equal to SST); Method reference: SOP05, Dickson, A.G., Sabine, C. L. and Christian, J.R. (2007). Guide to best Practices for Ocean CO2 measurements; Pierrot, D. et al. (2009), Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data-reduction routines. Calculated per Sutton, A.J., Sabine, C.L., Maenner-Jones, S., Lawrence-Slavas, N., Meinig, C., Feely, R.A., Mathis, J.T., Musielewicz, S., Bott, R., McLain, P.D., Fought, J., Kozyr, A., 2014. A high-frequency atmospheric and seawater pCO2 data set from 14 open ocean sites using a moored autonomous system. Earth Sys. Sci. Data, 6, doi: 10.5194/essd-6-353-2014, 353-366. Sabine, C., Sutton, A., Mccabe, K., Lawrence-Slavas, N., Alin, S., Feely, R., Jenkins, R., Maenner, S., Meinig, C., Thomas, J., Van Ooijen, E., Passmore, A. and Tilbrook, B.: Evaluation of a New Carbon Dioxide System for Autonomous Surface Vehicles, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 37, 1305–1317, doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-20-0010.1, 2020.; QC steps: Yes Parameter or Variable: xCO2 Dry Air Mean ASVCO2 / dry mole fraction of CO2 of atmospheric air in ppm; Abbreviation: Atm. xCO2 (dry); Unit: ppm; Observation type: underway; Sampling instrument: LI-830; Analyzing instrument: The LI-830; Uncertainty: Within 3% of reading; Method reference: Calculated per Sutton, A.J., Sabine, C.L., Maenner-Jones, S., Lawrence-Slavas, N., Meinig, C., Feely, R.A., Mathis, J.T., Musielewicz, S., Bott, R., McLain, P.D., Fought, J., Kozyr, A., 2014. A high-frequency atmospheric and seawater pCO2 data set from 14 open ocean sites using a moored autonomous system. Earth Sys. Sci. Data, 6, doi: 10.5194/essd-6-353-2014, 353-366. Parameter or Variable: Water temperature; Abbreviation: SST; Unit: Deg. C; Observation type: Surface underway; Sampling instrument: water collection with pump; Analyzing instrument: Seabird sensors; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: SBE37-SMP-ODO Microcat sensor installed at -0.5 m; Uncertainty: ± 0.002 °C (-5 to to 35 °C); Method reference: SBE37 Manual; QC steps: Yes, Annual calibration by SeaBird, no post calibration Parameter or Variable: Salinity; Abbreviation: SSS; Observation type: Surface underway; Sampling instrument: water collection with pump; Analyzing instrument: Seabird sensors; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: SBE37-SMP-ODO Microcat sensor installed at -0.5 m; Uncertainty: ± 0.003 mS/cm; Method reference: SBE37 Manual; QC steps: Yes, Annual calibration by SeaBird, no post calibration Parameter or Variable: Air pressure at mean sea level; Abbreviation: Atm. Pressure; Unit: hPa; Observation type: underway; Sampling instrument: LI-830; Analyzing instrument: The LI-830 contains a pressure sensor in the optical bench and allows the pressure dependent calculation of CO2 based on measured infrared absorptance.; Uncertainty: 0.5 kPa; QC steps: Yes Parameter or Variable: Relative Humidity measured by the atmospheric station; Abbreviation: Rel. Hum.; Unit: %; Observation type: underway; Analyzing instrument: Rotronic HC2-S3; Uncertainty: ± 0.8 % RH; QC steps: Yes asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian barometric pressure sensor barometric pressure sensor instrument used to measure the atmospheric pressure. bubble type equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement bubble type equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement This type of equilibrators are often used on buoys. Developed by Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory and Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, the h-shaped bubble equilibrator does not require a water pump to spray water from the top. see Takahashi 1961 for more information. carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water. salinometer salinometer generic salinometer use salinometer when the instrument type used is unclear but the data include salinity measurements temperature sensor temperature sensor A sensor used to measure temperature.