gov.noaa.nodc:0303959 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-04-08T15:19:41Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) SPLASH Field Study; Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #30 measurements (level 2 Processed), Sep2021-Jul2023 (NCEI Accession 0303959) 2025-05-06 publication 2025-05-02 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/2q0f-j097 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0303959 NCEI Archive Management System 0303959 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Bradley Ballard NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) bradley.ballard@noaa.gov https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) website Institution web page information resourceProvider NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) https://psl.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Brad Ballard NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) bradley.ballard@noaa.gov https://psl.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) website Institution web page information collaborator CHRISTOPHER COX NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) christopher.j.cox@noaa.gov https://psl.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) website Institution web page information collaborator Michael Gallagher NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) michael.r.gallagher@noaa.gov https://psl.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) website Institution web page information collaborator Janet Intrieri NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) janet.intrieri@noaa.gov https://psl.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) website Institution web page information collaborator Brian Butterworth University of Colorado Boulder, Cooperative Institute for Research In Environmental Sciences (CIRES) brian.butterworth@colorado.edu https://cires.colorado.edu/ HTTPS University of Colorado Boulder, Cooperative Institute for Research In Environmental Sciences (CIRES) website Institution web page information collaborator Tilden Meyers NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory (GML) tilden.meyers@noaa.gov https://gml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory (GML) website Institution web page information collaborator Ola Persson University of Colorado Boulder, Cooperative Institute for Research In Environmental Sciences (CIRES) ola.persson@noaa.gov https://cires.colorado.edu/ HTTPS University of Colorado Boulder, Cooperative Institute for Research In Environmental Sciences (CIRES) website Institution web page information collaborator Ballard, Brad NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) https://psl.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) website Institution web page information author Cox, Christopher NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) https://psl.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) website Institution web page information author Gallagher, Michael NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) https://psl.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) website Institution web page information author Intrieri, Janet NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) https://psl.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) website Institution web page information author Butterworth, Brian University of Colorado Boulder, Cooperative Institute for Research In Environmental Sciences (CIRES) https://cires.colorado.edu/ HTTPS University of Colorado Boulder, Cooperative Institute for Research In Environmental Sciences (CIRES) website Institution web page information author Meyers, Tilden NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory (GML) https://gml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory (GML) website Institution web page information author Persson, Ola University of Colorado Boulder, Cooperative Institute for Research In Environmental Sciences (CIRES) https://cires.colorado.edu/ HTTPS University of Colorado Boulder, Cooperative Institute for Research In Environmental Sciences (CIRES) website Institution web page information author University of Colorado Boulder, Cooperative Institute for Research In Environmental Sciences (CIRES) https://cires.colorado.edu/ HTTPS University of Colorado Boulder, Cooperative Institute for Research In Environmental Sciences (CIRES) website Institution web page information contributor NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) https://psl.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital Processed (Level 2) measurements and derived variables from the Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #30 (ASFS-30) deployed at the Kettle Ponds Annex site (38°56.3686' N, 106°58.1781' W) during the Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere, and Surface for Hydrometeorology (SPLASH) campaign near Gothic, Colorado, from September 2021 through July 2023. The ASFS measured variables of the surface energy budget, momentum flux, near-surface meteorology, and soil properties. Measurements of high-resolution 3-dimensional winds were observed at a nominal height of 4.6 m (depending on snow depth). Measurements of upwelling broadband radiation and meteorology observed from a nominal height of 2.9 m. The measurements are included in three netCDF files per day. The "sledmet" files are comprised of 1-min averages of measured and derived variables, including near-surface meteorology, surface skin temperature, snow depth, radiative fluxes, and conductive fluxes. The "sledseb" files are 10-min averages of the same variables as in the 1-min files and also include calculations of turbulent sensible and latent heat fluxes, momentum flux, and associated diagnostics, surface stress, and Monin-Obukhov parameters using both eddy covariance and bulk methodologies, all valid for the 10-min intervals. Both of these file types also contain a "_qc" variable paired with each measurement variable, or family of variables, that is a temporally-matched quality control code: 0 = good data, 1 = caution (data may be suspect), 2 = bad data, and -1 = missing (no data was collected). The "10hz" files include 3-dimensional winds and gas densities of water vapor and carbon dioxide that are quality-controlled, aggregated to a regular 10-Hz temporal grid, and (for winds) rotated into the earth coordinate frame. A detailed documentation of the measurement conditions, the processing steps taken to construct this data set, and other caveats and uncertainties will be provided in an accompanying published data manuscript. From fall 2021 through summer 2023, NOAA and research partners participated in the Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere and Surface for Hydrometeorology (SPLASH). This field study installed a comprehensive, state-of-the-art observing network in the East River watershed of the Colorado mountains with a goal of advancing weather and water prediction capabilities in areas with complex terrain. Benefits: In combination with scientific analysis of the resulting datasets, research will apply SPLASH observations and the resulting enhanced process-understanding to evaluate and improve NOAA's latest suite of modeling tools, including the Unified Forecast System, Rapid Refresh Forecast System, and National Water Model. The ultimate goal of this project will be improved prediction of weather and water in the Colorado mountains and beyond to inform societal preparedness and response. Funding Agency: University of Colorado - Boulder; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) Funding Agency: Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Funding Agency: US Department of Energy Funding Agency: Black Swift Technologies Funding Agency: Colorado State University Funding Agency: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Funding Agency: NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory (GML) Funding Agency: NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) Funding Agency: National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Funding Agency: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0303959 Preview graphic PNG 0303959 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2025-05-01 publication AIR TEMPERATURE BAROMETRIC PRESSURE Carbon Dioxide - Air dew point Mixing Ratio Radiative Flux RELATIVE HUMIDITY Skin Temperature - Land Snow thickness WIND DIRECTION WIND SPEED theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS radiometer instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS in situ theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory University of Colorado Boulder, Cooperative Institute for Research In Environmental Sciences dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS meteorology theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DOC/NOAA/OAR/ESRL/PSL > Physical Sciences Laboratory, Earth System Research Laboratory, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce UCO/CIRES > Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian SPLASH - Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere, and Surface for Hydrometeorology project Provider Project Names EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY > CARBON AND HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS > ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION > RADIATIVE FLUX EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE > SURFACE TEMPERATURE > DEW POINT TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR > WATER VAPOR INDICATORS > HUMIDITY > HUMIDITY MIXING RATIO EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR > WATER VAPOR INDICATORS > HUMIDITY > RELATIVE HUMIDITY EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > SURFACE WINDS > WIND DIRECTION EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > SURFACE WINDS > WIND SPEED EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > SNOW/ICE > SNOW DEPTH EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > SURFACE THERMAL PROPERTIES > SKIN TEMPERATURE theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian altitude atmos_pressure azimuth base_time heading lat lon snow_depth snow_flag sr50_dist time time_offset zenith_true theme Provider Keywords RADIOMETERS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #30 (ASFS-30) Campbell Scientific SR50A Hemisphere V102 Vaisala PTU 300 instrument Provider Instruments CONTINENT > NORTH AMERICA > UNITED STATES OF AMERICA > COLORADO place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian JBD42M Send2NCEI Submission Package ID accessLevel: Public otherRestrictions Cite as: Ballard, Brad; Cox, Christopher; Gallagher, Michael; Intrieri, Janet; Butterworth, Brian; Meyers, Tilden; Persson, Ola (2025). SPLASH Field Study; Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #30 measurements (level 2 Processed), Sep2021-Jul2023 (NCEI Accession 0303959). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/2q0f-j097. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. license This dataset has been dedicated to the public domain under a Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication. SPDX License: Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (CC0-1.0) Cox, C., Gallagher, M., Intrieri, J., Butterworth, B., Meyers, T., & Persson, O. (2025). Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #30 measurements (level 2 Processed), Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere and Surface for Hydrometeorology (SPLASH), September 2021-July 2023 [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10313894 2025 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10313894 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10313894 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10313894 related dataset information Cox, Christopher author Gallagher, Michael author Intrieri, Janet author Butterworth, Brian author Meyers, Tilden author Persson, Ola author Zenodo publisher tableDigital crossReference project eng; USA utf8 environment oceans climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere -106.581781 -106.581781 38.563686 38.563686 2021-09-28 2023-07-19 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. netCDF 3024.304 https://doi.org/10.25921/2q0f-j097 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/303959 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/303959 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0233/0303959/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0303959 v1.1 was published. 2025-05-06T18:48:51Z NCEI Accession 0303959 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0303959/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0303959 v1.1 published 2025-05-06T18:48:51Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: base_time (measured); Units: second; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #30 (ASFS-30); Sampling and Analyzing Method: 'seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00.000000' Parameter or Variable: time (measured); Units: second; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #30 (ASFS-30); Sampling and Analyzing Method: 'seconds since 2022-12-11T00:00:00.000000' Parameter or Variable: time_offset (measured); Units: second; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #30 (ASFS-30); Sampling and Analyzing Method: 'seconds since 2022-12-11T00:00:00.000000' Parameter or Variable: lat (measured); Units: latitude; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Hemisphere V102; Sampling and Analyzing Method: long_name = 'latitude from gps at station' cf_name = 'latitude' instrument = 'Hemisphere V102' methods = 'GPRMC, GPGGA, GPGZDA' height = '2.8 m' location = 'ASFS boom (top of station)' Parameter or Variable: lon (measured); Units: longitude; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Hemisphere V102; Sampling and Analyzing Method: long_name = 'longitude from gps at station' cf_name = 'longitude' instrument = 'Hemisphere V102' methods = 'GPRMC, GPGGA, GPGZDA' height = '2.8 m' location = 'ASFS boom (top of station)' Parameter or Variable: heading (measured); Units: degrees; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Hemisphere V102; Sampling and Analyzing Method: long_name = 'heading from gps at station' cf_name = '' instrument = 'Hemisphere V102' methods = 'HEHDT' height = '2.8 m' location = 'ASFS boom (top of station)' Parameter or Variable: altitude (measured); Units: degrees; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Hemisphere V102; Sampling and Analyzing Method: long_name = 'altitude from gps at station' cf_name = '' instrument = 'Hemisphere V102' methods = 'GPGGA' height = '2.8 m' location = 'ASFS boom (top of station)' Parameter or Variable: zenith_true (measured); Units: degrees; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Hemisphere V102; Sampling and Analyzing Method: units = 'degrees' long_name = 'true solar zenith angle' cf_name = '' instrument = 'Hemisphere V102' methods = 'Reda and Andreas, Solar position algorithm for solar radiation applications. Solar Energy, vol. 76, no. 5, pp. 577-589, 2004.' height = '2.8 m' location = 'ASFS boom (top of station)' missing_value = -9999 max_val = 163.9989 min_val = 62.0217 avg_val = 107.6573 percent_missing = 0 Parameter or Variable: azimuth (measured); Units: degrees; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Hemisphere V102; Sampling and Analyzing Method: units = 'degrees' long_name = 'apparent solar azimuth angle' cf_name = '' instrument = 'Hemisphere V102' methods = 'Reda and Andreas, Solar position algorithm for solar radiation applications. Solar Energy, vol. 76, no. 5, pp. 577-589, 2004.' height = '2.8 m' location = 'ASFS boom (top of station)' missing_value = -9999 max_val = 354.5111 min_val = 11.0895 avg_val = 180.0876 percent_missing = 0 Parameter or Variable: sr50_dist (measured); Units: meters; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Campbell Scientific SR50A; Sampling and Analyzing Method: units = 'meters' long_name = 'distance to surface from SR50; temperature compensation correction applied' cf_name = '' instrument = 'Campbell Scientific SR50A' methods = 'unheated, temperature correction applied' height = '2.8 m' location = 'ASFS boom (top of station)' missing_value = -9999 max_val = 2.4781 min_val = 2.4366 avg_val = 2.4565 percent_missing = 0 Parameter or Variable: snow_depth (measured); Units: cm; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Campbell Scientific SR50A; Sampling and Analyzing Method: units = 'cm' long_name = 'snow depth near station base' cf_name = 'surface_snow_thickness' instrument = 'Campbell Scientific SR50A' methods = 'derived snow depth from temperature-corrected SR50 distance values based on initialization. footprint nominally 0.47 m radius.' comment = 'Increasing values suggest snowfall, decreasing values suggest snow loss through redistribution or melt. Negative values do occur in the dataset when there has been melt of the snow/ice surface. Please read the associated data paper for more information.' height = 'surface' location = 'ASFS boom (top of station)' missing_value = -9999 max_val = 58.2542 min_val = 54.0965 avg_val = 56.2653 percent_missing = 0 Parameter or Variable: snow_flag (measured); Units: unitless; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #30 (ASFS-30); Sampling and Analyzing Method: units = 'unitless' long_name = 'flag for snow cover' cf_name = '' instrument = '' methods = 'Based on daily mean albedo using a threshold of 0.3 following Stone et al. (2002) JGR 107(D10)' comment = 'Resolution is daily. 1 = snow cover, 0 = snow free' height = 'surface' location = '' missing_value = -9999 max_val = 1 min_val = 1 avg_val = 1 percent_missing = 0 Parameter or Variable: atmos_pressure (measured); Units: hPa; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Vaisala PTU 300; Sampling and Analyzing Method: units = 'hPa' long_name = 'atmospheric pressure' cf_name = 'air_pressure' instrument = 'Vaisala PTU 300' methods = 'digitally polled from instument' height = '2.68 m' location = 'ASFS boom (top of station)' missing_value = -9999 asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian radiometer radiometer radiometer