noaa-cave-42985 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2025-08-22 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Shalaii Cave, Northern Iraq Oxygen, Carbon, Strontium Isotopes and Trace Metal Data during the Mid-Holocene 2025-08-15 publication doi:10.25921/grhx-mm16 noaa-cave-42985 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Fleitmann, D. originator Fleitmann, D. author Bosomworth, M. originator Bosomworth, M. author Al-Manmi, D.A.M. originator Al-Manmi, D.A.M. author Leng, M.J. originator Leng, M.J. author Sahy, D. originator Sahy, D. author Radner, K. originator Radner, K. author Morgan, A.W. originator Morgan, A.W. author Pike, A.W.G. originator Pike, A.W.G. author Altaweel, M. originator Altaweel, M. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Cave. The data include parameters of speleothems with a geographic location of Iraq, Middle East. The time period coverage is from 10560 to -65 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Records of past temperature, precipitation, and other aspects of climate derived from mineral deposits found in caves. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this dataset. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the dataset citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-cave.png Paleoclimatology - Speleothem PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Land Records > Cave Deposits Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Speleothems Earth Science > Paleoclimate > Land Records > Cave Deposits theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems > trace metals earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems > age control earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems > geochemistry earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems > carbon isotopes earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems > oxygen isotopes theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian abrupt climate change centennial resolution decadal resolution hydrology sensitivity theme What: sample identification; Material: null What: 87Sr/86Sr; Material: soil What: magnesium/calcium; Material: calcite What: depth; Material: null What: age; Material: null What: delta 18O; Material: calcite What: delta 13C; Material: calcite What: 87Sr/86Sr; Material: calcite What: 87Sr/86Sr; Material: calcite What: 87Sr/86Sr; Material: soil What: strontium/calcium; Material: calcite theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Continent > Asia > Western Asia > Middle East > Iraq > Shalaii Cave > LATITUDE 35.1469 > LONGITUDE 45.2958 place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Fleitmann, D.; Bosomworth, M.; Al-Manmi, D.A.M.; Leng, M.J.; Sahy, D.; Radner, K.; Morgan, A.W.; Pike, A.W.G.; Altaweel, M. (2025-08-15): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Shalaii Cave, Northern Iraq Oxygen, Carbon, Strontium Isotopes and Trace Metal Data during the Mid-Holocene. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/grhx-mm16. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. Mid-Holocene hydroclimatic optimum recorded in a stalagmite from Shalaii Cave, northern Iraq 2025 publication Dominik Fleitmann, Matthew Bosomworth, Diary Ali Mohammed Amin Al-Manmi, Melanie J. Leng, Diana Sahy, Karen Radner, Alistair Morgan, Alistair W.G. Pike, Mark Altaweel author Quaternary Science Reviews publisher https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109286 HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 2025 Dominik Fleitmann, Matthew Bosomworth, Diary Ali Mohammed Amin Al-Manmi, Melanie J. Leng, Diana Sahy, Karen Radner, Alistair Morgan, Alistair W.G. Pike, Mark Altaweel, 2025: Mid-Holocene hydroclimatic optimum recorded in a stalagmite from Shalaii Cave, northern Iraq. Quaternary Science Reviews, 356, , 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109286 information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 10560 cal yr BP to -65 cal yr BP; 45.2958 45.2958 35.1469 35.1469 Study Coordinates 35.1469 45.2958 -8610 2015 STUDY NOTES: Provided Keywords: Holocene hydroclimate optimum, oxygen isotopes, strontium isotopes, trace elements, seasonality, Middle East, Iraq, Mesopotamia ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: In Mesopotamia, climate is regarded as an important contributing factor to major socio-cultural transformations. However, the scarcity of Holocene paleoclimate reconstructions in this region impedes analysis of potential climate-human interactions. Furthermore, current hydroclimatic scenarios for Mesopotamia are predominantly based on oxygen isotope (d18O) proxy records from the eastern Mediterranean, whereas the paleoclimatic significance of d18O remains debated. Here, we present a Holocene stalagmite multi-proxy record from Shalaii Cave in northern Mesopotamia. Based on stable isotope, trace element and strontium isotope measurements, our new Shalaii Cave record suggests that long-term changes in d18O were influenced by multiple factors, such as d18O changes of the source of moisture, amount and seasonality of rainfall. The Shalaii Cave trace element and strontium isotope records indicate rather dry conditions during the early Holocene and wettest conditions during the mid-Holocene. This mid-Holocene hydroclimate optimum at Shalaii Cave is in good agreement with other non-isotopic records from SW-Asia, such as pollen evidence for concurrent rapid forest expansion and peaking lake levels. The mid-Holocene hydroclimatic optimum is most likely related to an increase in the amount of spring precipitation related to the remote influence of the Indian summer monsoon (desert-monsoon mechanism) and spring insolation-driven weakening of the Arabian anticyclone. In particular the latter northward migration of the Arabian anticyclone in spring promoted a longer spring rainfall season. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/grhx-mm16 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/42985 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/speleothem HTTPS Information NCEI Cave Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/iraq/fleitmann2025/fleitmann2025-shc-03-trace.txt HTTPS Download /speleothem/asia/iraq/fleitmann2025/fleitmann2025-shc-03-trace.txt Speleothem download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/iraq/fleitmann2025/fleitmann2025-shc-03-d13c_d18o.txt HTTPS Download /speleothem/asia/iraq/fleitmann2025/fleitmann2025-shc-03-d13c_d18o.txt Speleothem download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/iraq/fleitmann2025/fleitmann2025-shc-03-87sr86sr.txt HTTPS Download /speleothem/asia/iraq/fleitmann2025/fleitmann2025-shc-03-87sr86sr.txt Speleothem download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21