gov.noaa.nodc:0313059 eng utf8 nonGeographicDataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-07-28T13:47:35Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Data collected from laboratory experiments on the tolerance of egg and yolk-sac larval yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera) to ocean warming and acidification from 2022-07-01 to 2024-08-31 (NCEI Accession 0313059) 2026-03-06 publication 2026-03-05 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/cvec-sa43 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0313059 NCEI Archive Management System 0313059 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Mara L. Spencer NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/AFSC) Mara.Spencer@noaa.gov http://www.afsc.noaa.gov HTTP NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/AFSC) website Institution web page information resourceProvider NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/AFSC) http://www.afsc.noaa.gov HTTP NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/AFSC) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Emily Slesinger NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/AFSC) emily.slesinger@noaa.gov http://www.afsc.noaa.gov HTTP NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/AFSC) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Erin Tyler Ferer Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystem and Resource Studies (CIMERS) erin.tyler@noaa.gov https://cimers.oregonstate.edu/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystem and Resource Studies (CIMERS) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Samantha Mundorff Northeastern University smundorff@gmail.com http://www.northeastern.edu HTTP Northeastern University website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Kathryn Royce Youn Hendrix College younkathryn@gmail.com principalInvestigator Leo Edmondson University of New England lredmo416@gmail.com principalInvestigator Thomas Hurst NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/AFSC) Thomas.Hurst@noaa.gov http://www.afsc.noaa.gov HTTP NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/AFSC) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Slesinger, Emily NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center http://www.afsc.noaa.gov HTTP NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/AFSC) website Institution web page information author Tyler, Erin F. Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystem and Resource Studies https://cimers.oregonstate.edu/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystem and Resource Studies (CIMERS) website Institution web page information author Mundorff, Samantha Northeastern University http://www.northeastern.edu HTTP Northeastern University website Institution web page information author Youn, Kathryn R. Hendrix College author Edmondson, Leo University of New England author Hurst, Thomas P. NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center http://www.afsc.noaa.gov HTTP NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/AFSC) website Institution web page information author NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/AFSC) http://www.afsc.noaa.gov HTTP NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/AFSC) website Institution web page information contributor Oregon State University (OSU) http://oregonstate.edu/ HTTP Oregon State University (OSU) website Institution web page information contributor Northeastern University http://www.northeastern.edu HTTP Northeastern University website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This dataset contains laboratory experiment data that were collected to investigate the tolerance of egg and yolk-sac larval yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera) to ocean warming and acidification. Across four independent trials, yellowfin sole embryos and larvae were incubated at one of six experimental treatments spanning three temperatures (9, 12, 15°C) and two pCO2 target levels (low; high), and a range of organismal and physiological responses were measured. Embryonic daily mortality rates and metabolic rates increased with increasing temperature but were not affected by ocean acidification. At hatch and at yolk absorption, morphometric measurements (length, dry weight, myotome height, yolk area) were temperature-sensitive, but the response differed across the four trials. There was a consistent increase in length-based growth and yolk absorption rates with increasing temperature across trials. All morphometric and rate-based measurements were not affected by ocean acidification. Yellowfin sole metabolic enzyme activities were measured at yolk absorption. Lactate dehydrogenase (anaerobic metabolism) and β-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (fatty acid metabolism) both increased with increasing temperature, indicating elevated energy demand. Citrate synthase (aerobic metabolism) declined with increasing pCO2 levels, indicating potential metabolic suppression. Overall, embryonic and larval yellowfin sole demonstrated relatively high tolerance to ocean warming and acidification. Data from laboratory experiments were used to investigate the tolerance of egg and yolk-sac larval yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera) to the combined effects of ocean warming and acidification. Funding Information: NOAA’s Ocean Acidification Program (#20903 to Thomas P. Hurst) completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0313059 Preview graphic PNG 0313059 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2026-03-04 publication biological data DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC) partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water pH SPECIES IDENTIFICATION - DRY WEIGHT total alkalinity theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer pH sensor spectrophotometer instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS biological chemical laboratory experiments survey - biological theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS UNKNOWN PLATFORMS OF UNITED STATES platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center Northeastern University Oregon State University dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Coastal Waters of Washington/Oregon North Pacific Ocean West Coast - US/Canada place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DOC/NOAA/NMFS/AFSC > Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project project Ocean Acidification Search Keywords EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > ALKALINITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > INORGANIC CARBON EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PH theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Laboratory experiment theme OCADS Study Type Batch CO2_trmt CS.mg.P DIC DMR Deg.days GL HOAD.mg.P LDH.mg.P MO2 TA Tank Temp_trmt Temperature Time Trial YAA m.DW m.LEN m.MH m.YA pCO2 pH sd.DW sd.LEN sd.MH sd.YA theme Provider Variable Abbreviations CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS OPTSPEC > Optical Spectrometer PH METERS > PH METERS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian NOAA AFSC Laboratory Newport Oregon place Provider Geographic Names accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Slesinger, Emily; Tyler, Erin F.; Mundorff, Samantha; Youn, Kathryn R.; Edmondson, Leo; Hurst, Thomas P. (2026). Data collected from laboratory experiments on the tolerance of egg and yolk-sac larval yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera) to ocean warming and acidification from 2022-07-01 to 2024-08-31 (NCEI Accession 0313059). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/cvec-sa43. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. license These data were produced by NOAA and are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. NOAA waives any potential copyright and related rights in these data worldwide through the Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication (CC0-1.0). SPDX License: Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (CC0-1.0) Slesinger, E., Tyler, E. F., Mundorff, S., Youn, K. R., Edmondson, L., & Hurst, T. P. (2026). Tolerance of Egg and Yolk‐Sac Larval Yellowfin Sole ( Limanda aspera ) to Ocean Warming and Acidification. Fisheries Oceanography. https://doi.org/10.1111/fog.70040 2026-03-13 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1111/fog.70040 https://doi.org/10.1111/fog.70040 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1111/fog.70040 related journal article information Slesinger, Emily Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA Newport Oregon USA author Tyler, Erin F. Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA Newport Oregon USA author Mundorff, Samantha Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts USA author Youn, Kathryn R. Department of Biology Hendrix College Conway Arkansas USA author Edmondson, Leo University of New England Biddeford Maine USA author Hurst, Thomas P. Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA Newport Oregon USA author Wiley publisher documentDigital Fisheries Oceanography ISSN 1054-6006, ISSN 1365-2419 crossReference project NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system 2022-04 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system OCADS website information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital [accessed 2024-02-08] crossReference program Slesinger, Emily; Thuesen, Erik V.; Hurst, Thomas P. (2025). Ontogenetic and environmental responses in metabolic enzyme activity of Pacific Arctic larval gadids from laboratory experiment studies from 2022-04-13 to 2023-06-28 (NCEI Accession 0309778). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0309778. 2025-12-02 publication NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0309778 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0309778.html HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0309778.html Related dataset information Slesinger, Emily NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center http://www.afsc.noaa.gov HTTP NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/AFSC) website Institution web page information author Thuesen, Erik V. The Evergreen State College https://www.evergreen.edu/ HTTPS The Evergreen State College website Institution web page information author Hurst, Thomas P. NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center http://www.afsc.noaa.gov HTTP NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/AFSC) website Institution web page information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher tableDigital crossReference project eng; USA utf8 environment oceans biota -124.05 -124.05 44.62 44.62 2022-07-01 2024-08-31 This data package (Submission ID: BJWD5CEH6) was acquired by NCEI from the Scientific Data Integration System (SDIS) at the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) in accordance with the archival submission agreement between NCEI and PMEL. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Originator data format 3.12 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0313059.html HTTPS Web browser Project Metadata Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://doi.org/10.25921/cvec-sa43 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/313059 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/313059 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0243/0313059/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0313059 v1.1 was published. 2026-03-06T19:56:26Z NCEI Accession 0313059 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0313059/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0313059 v1.1 published 2026-03-06T19:56:26Z download nonGeographicDataset Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon; Abbreviation: DIC; Unit: μmol/kg; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: MANIPULATIONCONDITION; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: Siphoning tube; Analyzing instrument: AIRICA (Automated InfraRed Inorganic Carbon Analyzer); Preservation method: saturated HgCl2; Preservative correction: no correction; Uncertainty: <0.05%; Researcher name: Natalie Monacci; Researcher institution: Ocean Acidification Research Center at the University of Alaska at Fairbanks Parameter or Variable: Total alkalinity; Abbreviation: TA; Unit: μmol/kg; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: MANIPULATIONCONDITION; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: Siphoning tube; Analyzing instrument: VINDTA 3C (Versatile Instrument for the Determination of dissolved inorganic carbon and Total Alkalinity); CRM manufacturer: Andrew Dickson's lab at Scripps Institute of Oceanography; Preservation method: saturated HgCl2; Preservative correction: no correction; Uncertainty: <0.05%; Researcher name: Natalie Monacci; Researcher institution: Ocean Acidification Research Center at the University of Alaska at Fairbanks Parameter or Variable: pH; Abbreviation: pH; pH scale: SEAWATERSCALE(SWS); Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: MANIPULATIONCONDITION; Measured or calculated: CALCULATED; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Calculated from DIC, TA, temperature, and salinity.; At what temperature was pH reported: in-situ temperature; Method reference: Lewis and Wallace 1995. Basic programs for the CO2 system in seawater. Brookhaven National Laboratory. BNL-61827; Researcher name: Natalie Monacci; Researcher institution: Ocean Acidification Research Center at the University of Alaska at Fairbanks Parameter or Variable: pCO2 (fCO2) discrete; Abbreviation: pCO2; Unit: µatm; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: MANIPULATIONCONDITION; Measured or calculated: CALCULATED; Headspace volume: 5 mL; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Calculated from DIC, TA, temperature, and salinity.; Method reference: Lewis and Wallace 1995. Basic programs for the CO2 system in seawater. Brookhaven National Laboratory. BNL-61827; Researcher name: Natalie Monacci; Researcher institution: Ocean Acidification Research Center at the University of Alaska at Fairbanks Parameter or Variable: Independent experiment identifier; Abbreviation: Trial; Unit: none; Observation type: Laboratory experiment Parameter or Variable: Temperature treatment; Abbreviation: Temp_trmt; Unit: none; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Coded as “9”, “12”, or “15” for the target treatment temperatures during the experiment. Parameter or Variable: CO2 treatment; Abbreviation: CO2_trmt; Unit: none; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Coded as "low" for low treatment level or "high" for high treatment level. A Durafet III pH probe (Honeywell) in each of the high pCO2 treatment header tanks regulated the injection of CO2 based on achieving temperature-dependent pH targets.; Method reference: Slesinger, E., S. Mundorff, B.J. Laurel, and T.P. Hurst. 2024. The combined effects of ocean warming and ocean acidification on Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) early life stages. Marine Biology, 171(6), 121. Parameter or Variable: Sampling stage designation; Abbreviation: Time; Unit: none; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: HB = embryonic heart beats; H = hatch; YA = yolk absorption; Biological subject: Yellowfin sole; Species ID: Limanda aspera; Researcher name: Emily Slesinger; Researcher institution: NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center Parameter or Variable: Recorded temperature; Abbreviation: Temperature; Unit: °C; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: MANIPULATIONCONDITION; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Researcher name: Emily Slesinger; Researcher institution: NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center Parameter or Variable: Citrate synthase activity per mg of protein; Abbreviation: CS.mg.P; Unit: mg protein; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: RESPONSEVARIABLE; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: Spectrophotometer (Genesys 150 UV-Vis, ThermoFisher); Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Maximum activities (Vmax) of CS, LDH and HOAD were measured spectrophotometrically (Genesys 150 UV-Vis, ThermoFisher) at 20°C in 1-mL cuvettes under non-limiting conditions. All assays were run in triplicate and the intra-assay variation (CV) was < 10% for each enzyme. CS activity was assayed in 50 mM Imidazole buffer (pH 7.8), 1.5 mM MgCl2, 0.1 mM DTNB, and 0.1 mM acetyl-CoA. Once the homogenate was added, background activity was measured, and then the reaction was initiated by adding 25 μL oxaloacetic acid for a final concentration of 1 mM. Activity was measured for 5 minutes at 412 nm, using an extinction coefficient of 13.6 OD μmol-1 mL-1 to calculate activity rates. LDH and HOAD activities were measured at 340 nm for 2 minutes and activity rates were calculated using an extinction coefficient of 6.22 OD μmol-1 mL-1. LDH was assayed in 80 mM Imidazole buffer (pH 7.2), 100 mM KCl, 5 mM pyruvate, and 0.15 mM NADH. HOAD was assayed in 50 mM Imidazole buffer (pH 7.4), 100 mM KCl, 0.15 mM NADH, and 0.1 mM acetoacetyl CoA.; Method reference: Thuesen EV, Miller CB, Childress JJ (1998) Ecophysiological interpretation of oxygen consumption rates and enzymatic activities of deep-sea copepods. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 168:95-107.; Biological subject: Yellowfin sole; Species ID: Limanda aspera; Researcher name: Emily Slesinger; Researcher institution: NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center Parameter or Variable: β-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase activity per mg of protein; Abbreviation: HOAD.mg.P; Unit: mg protein; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: RESPONSEVARIABLE; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Analyzing instrument: Spectrophotometer (Genesys 150 UV-Vis, ThermoFisher); Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Maximum activities (Vmax) of CS, LDH and HOAD were measured spectrophotometrically (Genesys 150 UV-Vis, ThermoFisher) at 20°C in 1-mL cuvettes under non-limiting conditions. All assays were run in triplicate and the intra-assay variation (CV) was < 10% for each enzyme. CS activity was assayed in 50 mM Imidazole buffer (pH 7.8), 1.5 mM MgCl2, 0.1 mM DTNB, and 0.1 mM acetyl-CoA. Once the homogenate was added, background activity was measured, and then the reaction was initiated by adding 25 μL oxaloacetic acid for a final concentration of 1 mM. Activity was measured for 5 minutes at 412 nm, using an extinction coefficient of 13.6 OD μmol-1 mL-1 to calculate activity rates. LDH and HOAD activities were measured at 340 nm for 2 minutes and activity rates were calculated using an extinction coefficient of 6.22 OD μmol-1 mL-1. LDH was assayed in 80 mM Imidazole buffer (pH 7.2), 100 mM KCl, 5 mM pyruvate, and 0.15 mM NADH. HOAD was assayed in 50 mM Imidazole buffer (pH 7.4), 100 mM KCl, 0.15 mM NADH, and 0.1 mM acetoacetyl CoA.; Method reference: Singer TD, Ballantyne JS (1989) Absence of extrahepatic lipid oxidation in a freshwater elasmobranch, the dwarf stingray Potamotrygon magdalenae: evidence from enzyme activities. J Exp Zool 251:355-360.; Biological subject: Yellowfin sole; Species ID: Limanda aspera; Researcher name: Emily Slesinger; Researcher institution: NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center Parameter or Variable: Lactate dehydrogenase activity per mg protein; Abbreviation: LDH.mg.P; Unit: mg protein; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: RESPONSEVARIABLE; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Analyzing instrument: Spectrophotometer (Genesys 150 UV-Vis, ThermoFisher); Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Maximum activities (Vmax) of CS, LDH and HOAD were measured spectrophotometrically (Genesys 150 UV-Vis, ThermoFisher) at 20°C in 1-mL cuvettes under non-limiting conditions. All assays were run in triplicate and the intra-assay variation (CV) was < 10% for each enzyme. CS activity was assayed in 50 mM Imidazole buffer (pH 7.8), 1.5 mM MgCl2, 0.1 mM DTNB, and 0.1 mM acetyl-CoA. Once the homogenate was added, background activity was measured, and then the reaction was initiated by adding 25 μL oxaloacetic acid for a final concentration of 1 mM. Activity was measured for 5 minutes at 412 nm, using an extinction coefficient of 13.6 OD μmol-1 mL-1 to calculate activity rates. LDH and HOAD activities were measured at 340 nm for 2 minutes and activity rates were calculated using an extinction coefficient of 6.22 OD μmol-1 mL-1. LDH was assayed in 80 mM Imidazole buffer (pH 7.2), 100 mM KCl, 5 mM pyruvate, and 0.15 mM NADH. HOAD was assayed in 50 mM Imidazole buffer (pH 7.4), 100 mM KCl, 0.15 mM NADH, and 0.1 mM acetoacetyl CoA.; Method reference: Thuesen EV, Miller CB, Childress JJ (1998) Ecophysiological interpretation of oxygen consumption rates and enzymatic activities of deep-sea copepods. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 168:95-107.; Biological subject: Yellowfin sole; Species ID: Limanda aspera; Researcher name: Emily Slesinger; Researcher institution: NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center Parameter or Variable: Laboratory tank identifier; Abbreviation: Tank; Unit: none; Observation type: Laboratory experiment Parameter or Variable: Degree days; Abbreviation: Deg.days; Unit: degree-days; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: MANIPULATIONCONDITION; Measured or calculated: CALCULATED; Researcher name: Emily Slesinger; Researcher institution: NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center Parameter or Variable: Mean standard length; Abbreviation: m.LEN; Unit: mm; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: RESPONSEVARIABLE; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: dissecting microscope; Analyzing instrument: ImageJ software; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Larvae were photographed using a dissecting microscope, and images were processed in ImageJ to measure standard length (LEN; mm), myotome height at the anus (MH; mm), and yolk area (YA; mm2).; Biological subject: Yellowfin sole; Species ID: Limanda aspera; Researcher name: Emily Slesinger; Researcher institution: NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center Parameter or Variable: Standard deviation of mean standard length; Abbreviation: sd.LEN; Unit: mm; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: RESPONSEVARIABLE; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: dissecting microscope; Analyzing instrument: ImageJ software; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Larvae were photographed using a dissecting microscope, and images were processed in ImageJ to measure standard length (LEN; mm), myotome height at the anus (MH; mm), and yolk area (YA; mm2).; Biological subject: Yellowfin sole; Species ID: Limanda aspera; Researcher name: Emily Slesinger; Researcher institution: NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center Parameter or Variable: Mean myotome height; Abbreviation: m.MH; Unit: mm; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: RESPONSEVARIABLE; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: dissecting microscope; Analyzing instrument: ImageJ software; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Larvae were photographed using a dissecting microscope, and images were processed in ImageJ to measure standard length (LEN; mm), myotome height at the anus (MH; mm), and yolk area (YA; mm2).; Biological subject: Yellowfin sole; Species ID: Limanda aspera; Researcher name: Emily Slesinger; Researcher institution: NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center Parameter or Variable: Standard deviation of mean myotome height; Abbreviation: sd.MH; Unit: mm; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: RESPONSEVARIABLE; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: dissecting microscope; Analyzing instrument: ImageJ software; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Larvae were photographed using a dissecting microscope, and images were processed in ImageJ to measure standard length (LEN; mm), myotome height at the anus (MH; mm), and yolk area (YA; mm2).; Biological subject: Yellowfin sole; Species ID: Limanda aspera; Researcher name: Emily Slesinger; Researcher institution: NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center Parameter or Variable: Mean dry weight; Abbreviation: m.DW; Unit: mg; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: RESPONSEVARIABLE; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Analyzing instrument: Sartorius Microbalance ME5; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Twenty larvae from each replicate experimental tank (trials 1 and 2) or beaker (trials 3 and 4) were sampled, anesthetized with tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) at a concentration of 5-10 ppm including sodium bicarbonate as a buffer, photographed underneath a dissecting microscope and then pooled into two groups of 10 and dried to a constant weight (mg) at 60°C.; Biological subject: Yellowfin sole; Species ID: Limanda aspera; Researcher name: Emily Slesinger; Researcher institution: NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center Parameter or Variable: Standard deviation of mean dry weight; Abbreviation: sd.DW; Unit: mg; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: RESPONSEVARIABLE; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Analyzing instrument: Sartorius Microbalance ME5; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Twenty larvae from each replicate experimental tank (trials 1 and 2) or beaker (trials 3 and 4) were sampled, anesthetized with tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) at a concentration of 5-10 ppm including sodium bicarbonate as a buffer, photographed underneath a dissecting microscope and then pooled into two groups of 10 and dried to a constant weight (mg) at 60°C.; Biological subject: Yellowfin sole; Species ID: Limanda aspera; Researcher name: Emily Slesinger; Researcher institution: NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center Parameter or Variable: Mean yolk area; Abbreviation: m.YA; Unit: mm2; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: RESPONSEVARIABLE; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: dissecting microscope; Analyzing instrument: ImageJ software; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Larvae were photographed using a dissecting microscope, and images were processed in ImageJ to measure standard length (LEN; mm), myotome height at the anus (MH; mm), and yolk area (YA; mm2).; Biological subject: Yellowfin sole; Species ID: Limanda aspera; Researcher name: Emily Slesinger; Researcher institution: NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center Parameter or Variable: Standard deviation of mean yolk area; Abbreviation: sd.YA; Unit: mm2; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: RESPONSEVARIABLE; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: dissecting microscope; Analyzing instrument: ImageJ software; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Larvae were photographed using a dissecting microscope, and images were processed in ImageJ to measure standard length (LEN; mm), myotome height at the anus (MH; mm), and yolk area (YA; mm2).; Biological subject: Yellowfin sole; Species ID: Limanda aspera; Researcher name: Emily Slesinger; Researcher institution: NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center Parameter or Variable: Length-based growth rate; Abbreviation: GL; Unit: mm/d; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: RESPONSEVARIABLE; Measured or calculated: CALCULATED; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: The change in total length and the number of days from hatch to yolk absorption were used to calculate a length-based growth rate (mm/day).; Biological subject: Yellowfin sole; Species ID: Limanda aspera; Researcher name: Emily Slesinger; Researcher institution: NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center Parameter or Variable: Yolk absorption rate in yolk area per day; Abbreviation: YAA; Unit: mm2/d; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: RESPONSEVARIABLE; Measured or calculated: CALCULATED; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: The initial size of the yolk area divided by number of days to yolk absorption was used to calculate a yolk absorption rate (mm2/day).; Biological subject: Yellowfin sole; Species ID: Limanda aspera; Researcher name: Emily Slesinger; Researcher institution: NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center Parameter or Variable: Daily mortality rate; Abbreviation: DMR; Unit: count/d; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: RESPONSEVARIABLE; Measured or calculated: CALCULATED; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: At hatch, larvae in mortality-specific floating beakers were counted. A daily mortality rate was calculated as the natural log of the number of initial eggs minus the number alive divided by the time to hatch.; Biological subject: Yellowfin sole; Species ID: Limanda aspera; Researcher name: Emily Slesinger; Researcher institution: NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center Parameter or Variable: Egg batch identifier; Abbreviation: Batch; Unit: none; Observation type: Laboratory experiment Parameter or Variable: Metabolic rate measured as oxygen consumption rate; Abbreviation: MO2; Unit: nmol O2/h/embryo; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: RESPONSEVARIABLE; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Analyzing instrument: Microplate reader (SDR SensorDish Reader; PreSens); Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Oxygen consumption rates (MO2) were used as a proxy for metabolic rate and measured on a microplate reader (SDR SensorDish Reader; PreSens). For each temperature, two microplate readers were used, one randomly designated for low pCO2 and the other for high pCO2 treatments. To maintain temperature throughout the experiment, the microplates were placed into individual water baths that were connected to a recirculating temperature-controlled water bath (Polystat, Cole Parmer). Each microplate reader had 24 wells, which were all filled with the respective treatment water. Twenty-two individual wells were filled with ~5-7 embryos each, and the remaining two wells did not receive eggs and were used for background respiration measurement. The rate of oxygen consumption was measured over ~16 h and provided one measurement of MO2 per well. MO2 was calculated as the rate of oxygen consumption divided by the number of embryos to provide a final MO2 of nmol O2/h/embryo.; Biological subject: Yellowfin sole; Species ID: Limanda aspera; Researcher name: Emily Slesinger; Researcher institution: NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water. pH sensor pH sensor generic meter used to measure pH Any of a class of instruments used to quantify pH in a water or other type of sample. spectrophotometer spectrophotometer spectrophotometer, optical spectrometer, spectrograph or spectroscope An optical spectrometer (spectrophotometer, spectrograph or spectroscope) is an instrument used to measure properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, typically used in spectroscopic analysis to identify materials. Butler, L. R. P.; Laqua, K. (1995). "Nomenclature, symbols, units and their usage in spectrochemical analysis-IX. Instrumentation for the spectral dispersion and isolation of optical radiation (IUPAC Recommendations 1995)". Pure Appl. Chem. IUPAC. 67 (10): 1725–1744. doi:10.1351/pac199567101725. A spectrometer is the general term for describing a combination of spectral apparatus with one or more detectors to measure the intensity of one or more spectral bands." UNKNOWN PLATFORMS OF UNITED STATES UNKNOWN PLATFORMS OF UNITED STATES