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        <gco:CharacterString>Habitat quadrats were surveyed at 1 to 5 m depths using transects conducted at a total seven (7) sites: (1-2) at 2 longshore sites on the leeward coast (South Kohala district) of the Big Island (Hawaii Island, in the MHI) during spring 2006 and spring-summer 2007; (3) at 1 site-group encompassing multiple patch reefs of south, central, and north Kaneohe Bay (Oahu, MHI) in spring 2007; (4-5) at 2 longshore sites on the back reef of Midway Atoll (NWHI) in spring 2006 and spring-summer 2007; and (6-7) at 2 site-groups encompassing multiple patch reefs in the Welles Harbor region of the lagoon of Midway Atoll (NWHI) in spring-summer 2007. Substratum cover and rugosity were characterized within multiple quadrats at each site. Two types of quadrats were surveyed: "Reference" ('REF') quadrats (whose positions were randomly selected) and "Target" ('TAR') quadrats (positions centered on sightings of recruit fishes); each quadrat was square and 1-m**2 area. In each quadrat, the benthic cover of each of ten (10) major substratum types were estimated, as was a "Rugosity Index" based on the ratio of conforming-to-straight line distances along both major axes of the quadrat.</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>The maximum observation depth was 20 feet (6.1 meters). Habitat characterized DATAFILE NAME: RECRUIT-HABITAT_QUADRATS_2006-07.xls File date: 19MAR09 Size: 34,329 records (7,020 kb) This file consists of the following seventeen (17) variables. The permissible values of these variables, including names of categories if the variable is a classification variable, are noted [in brackets]: DATE $ DDMMMYY [range: 29MAY06 to 11JUL07] LOCATION $ [Three (3) categories: 'BigIsl', 'Midway', 'Oahu__'] SITE $ [Seven (7) categories: 'BIPuakoEndofRd_', 'BISpencersPk___', 'OahuKaneoheBay_' 'MWCorlPoorPR___', 'MWCorlPoorBakRf', 'MWCorlRichPR___', MWCorlRichBakRf'] OBSRVR $ [Five (5) categories: 'AMF', 'CLK', 'EED', 'JPB', 'TWA'] TRANSNMBR [Transect number = 1, 2, 3 ? n, where n = 1-12 at each site if YEAR = 2006; but where n = 1-19 if (YEAR = 2007 and SITE = 'BIPuakoEndofRd_' or SITE = 'BISpencersPk___'); but where n = 1-40 if (YEAR = 2007 and SITE = OahuKaneoheBay_'); but where n = 1-80 if (YEAR = 2007 and SITE = 'MWCorlPoorBakRf' or SITE = 'MWCorlPoorPR___' or SITE = 'MWCorlRichBakRf' or SITE = 'MWCorlRichPR___')] QUADTYP $ [Quadrat Type: either one of two types: 'REF' (for "Reference") and 'TAR' (for "Target"); 'REF' quadrats were randomly placed to estimate benthic cover of major substratum types and rugosity of the substratum throughout transected areas; the placement of 'TAR' quadrats was selective - they were centered over recruit reef fish sightings to provide estimates of substratum cover and rugosity where recruits occurred] QUADNMBR [Quadrat number = 1, 2, 3 ?. n, where n = 8 to 10 if (YEAR = 2006 and QUADTYP = 'REF') but where n = 7-11 if (YEAR =2006 and QUADTYP = 'TAR'); but where n = 5 if (YEAR = 2007 and QUADTYP = 'REF'); but where n = 5 to 9 if (YEAR = 2007 and QUADTYP = 'TAR'). QUADDEP_ft [Quadrat depth in feet; range from minimum 1 foot to maximum 20 feet (6.1 m) SUBSTRTYP $ [Benthic substratum type closest to recruit(s) present within a given 'TAR' quadrat placement; ten (10) categories as for HABTYP variable] RUG_L1_m ["Rugosity Index" = ratio of conforming-to-straight line distance over substrate features within an individual 1-m**2 quadrat; typical values range from &gt; 1.2 to &lt; 3.0; the theoretical minimum value is 1.0; both RUG_L1_m and RUG_L2_m (see next) measurements made with an accuracy of 0.05 m (5 cm)] RUG_L2_m [Same measurement as RUG_L1_m except taken perpendicular to RUG_L1_m within same quadrat placement; the maximum value observed in the 2006-07 survey series for any single rugosity measurement (either RUG_L1_m or RUG_L2_m) was 4.4 m] SPECIES $ [Four-letter acronym based on 1st 2 letters of the genus name and 1st 2 letters of the specific epithet of each fish individual recorded; the acronyms used are identical to those used by the Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) of the NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Research Center, to code all of their central and western North Pacific reef fish records] SIZE_TLcm [Visually estimated body length in centimeters of recruit fishes recorded as present for QUADTYP = 'TAR'; TL is the abbreviation for "Total Length", the same metric is used to represent length on the CRED Fish Surveys; range: 1 to 8 cm TL (including larger, 6-10 cm TL juveniles sometimes associated with recruits) in 2006-07] HABTYP $ [In 2006 ten (10) substratum categories were used at both sites at LOCATION = 'BigIsl': live, massive or mounding (encrusting) Porites lobata coral (= 'PLob'); live rice coral Montipora capitata (= 'MoCap'); live Hawaiian finger coral Porites compressa (= 'PCom'); live cauliflower coral Pocillopora meandina (= 'PMed'); erect foliose algae &gt; 1-cm tall (= 'EFA'); crustose (encrusting, 2-dimensional) coralline algae (= 'CCA'); "knobby" or otherwise 3-dimensional (e.g., branching) coralline algae (= 'KCA'); consolidated carbonate rock (dead coral limestone), not easily moveable by hand, and generally with turf algae &lt; 1-cm tall (= 'L'); unconsolidated carbonate rock easily moveable by hand but = 1-cm particle diameter (= 'Ru'); and unconsolidated particulate carbonate &lt; 1-cm diameter (= 'S'). Twelve (12) substratum categories were used in 2006 at both sites at Location = 'Midway'; these included all ten of the aforementioned categories used at Location = 'BigIsl' in 2006. In addition, another two (2) substratum categories, totaling twelve (12) categories, were used in 2006 at LOCATION = 'Midway': other Pocillopora spp were distinguished from Pocillopora meandrina as 'PX'; and live Montipora flabellata ('MoFlab') was distinguished from Montipora capitata ('MoCap'). In 2007 a total fourteen (14) substratum categories were used; these included eleven of the aforementioned 12 categories (HABTYP = 'KCA' was dropped and "knobby" coralline algae was pooled with crustose coralline algae as HABTYP = 'CCA'). In addition, 3 new categories are added at all sites at all locations for a total fourteen (14) categories in 2007: two other, live encrusting corals, Pavona duerdini ('PavDuer') and Pavona varians ('PavVar'), plus a new category ('Othr') comprising miscellaneous sessile (sponge, tunicate, etc) and weakly motile (echinoids, holothurians, etc) benthic invertebrates. HABCOVR_UNITS36 [Benthic cover recorded as the number of squares occupied by a particular HABTYP within a given 1 m**2 quadrat; range 0 to 36 squares, hence sums to 36 squares within each quadrat; provides input for calculating percentage cover based on the fraction of squares occupied divided by 36; cover of each HABTYP in a given quadrat was estimated to the nearest unit if &gt; 1 square and to 0.1 unit if = 1 square] CLUSTRNMBR [Number of "cluster" within a particular 'TAR' quadrat placement, where a "cluster" is defined as a group of one or more individual fish recruits present within 10-cm distance of another recruit; range: CLUSTRNMBR ranges from 1 to a maximum of 3 in the 2006-07 data] YEAR [two (2) categories for year in which data were recorded: 2006, 2007]</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>The survey sites/site-groups were selected to be representative of either relatively wave-exposed environments (SITE = 'BIPuakoEndofRd_' and SITE = 'MWCorlPoorBakRf') or relatively wave-protected environments (SITE = 'BISpencersPk___', 'OahuKaneoheBay_', 'MWCorlRichBakRf', 'MWCorlPoorPR___', and 'MWCorlRichPR___) spanning nearly the entire north-south and east-west extents of the Hawaiian Archipelago. In terms of transect sample sizes, a completely balanced design (a constant 12 transects at each of 2 sites at each of 2 Locations) was accomplished during 2006. Sampling effort was increased to a target 20 transects per site in 2007 but the outcome was slightly unbalanced (only 19 transects were completed) at the 'BIPuakoEndofRd_' and 'BISpencersPk___' sites in 2007 due to time constraints. Also, of the 40 total transects surveyed at Midway patch reefs in 2007, a total 25 and 15 transects were surveyed at SITE = 'MWCorlPoorPR___" and SITE = 'MWCorlRichPR___' because relatively few "coral-rich" patch reefs could be located. In general ten (10) "REF" and ten (10) 'TAR' quadrats were surveyed at each site in 2006. The exceptions were at SITE = 'BIPuakoEndofRd_', where the total number of quadrats surveyed per transect ranged from 8 to 10 for QUADTYP = 'REF' and from 7 to 11 for QUADTYP = 'TAR'; and at SITE = BISpencersPk___' where the total number of quadrats ranged from 9 to 10 for QUADTYP = 'TAR'. In 2007 there were a constant five (5) quadrats surveyed per transect at each site for QUADTYP = 'REF', as was generally the case for QUADTYP = 'TAR'. However, sometimes it was not possible to locate 5 'TAR' quadrats on a transect; occasionally more than 5 (to a maximimum of 9) 'TAR' quadrats were surveyed per transect on other transects to compensate for those transects on which fewer than 5 quadrats were surveyed.</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>The same methods of data collection were used at each of the sites surveyed. Periodic examination of the data through the duration of the surveys showed no signs of diver bias or other discrepancies.</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Data on each transect were collected by a single trained diver-observer (out of a pool of 2-4 out of 5 total participating personnel), who (subsequent to having tallied predator and recruit-stage fishes encountered along the transect line) then measured habitat variables within multiple quadrats positioned along and near the laid line. Two types of quadrats were employed: 'Ref' quadrats were located at random points along the transect line; 'TAR' quadrats were centered over sightings of recruit fish within 5-m distance of the laid transect line. Each quadrat was square and 1-m x 1-m (1 m**2 area) and consistently positioned along the transect line axis. For each QUADTYP = 'REF' quadrat, the Obsrvr first identified each HABTYP present and estimated the numbers of 1/36th m**2 "squares" occupied by that HABTYP (fine white nylon line was used to subdivide the 1-m**2 quadrat area into 36 equal parts) and recorded the average depth of the placed quadrat. The Obsrvr next used a 3- to 4-m-long piece of 1-cm (half-inch) link brass chain (marked at 5-cm intervals) to estimate the conforming distance (to 5cm) between opposite sides of the quadrat, squared off along the transect's major (length) axis. This was followed by a second measurement between quadrat sides along the transect's minor (width) axis (perpendicular to the major axis). These two distance measurements were recorded as RUG_L1_m and RUG_L2_m, respectively. For each QUADTYP = 'TAR', the Obsrvr first noted the numbers of all recruit sized (= 5-cm TL) fish individuals by SPECIES, SIZE_TLcm, and SUBSTRTYP closest to each recruit "cluster" (of 1 or more fish separated by = 10 cm distance). If &gt; 1 cluster was present within a quadrat, recruits were tallied by CLUSTRNMBR (if, as typical, only one cluster was present, the cluster was assigned CLUSTRNMBR = 1). The Obsrvr then placed the quadrat (squared off to main axis of transect) centered over the position of the initial recruit sighting and proceeded to estimate benthic cover by HABTYP and measure rugosity as for the aforementioned QUADTYP = 'REF' quadrats. Upon returning to shore, each Observer corrected their field sheets for legibility, and the data were then entered by that OBSRVR or by EED into Excel spreadsheets and error checked by computer for outliers and other discrepancies. Because this data file consists of raw data, estimates of percentage cover by HABTYP and rugosity need to be derived. Percentage cover is simply 100 times the ratio of the number of squares occupied by a given HABTYP divided by the total number of squares (36) within the 1-m**2 area of the quadrat. Rugosity is calculated as the ratio of conforming-to-straight line distances, where the latter is a constant 1.0 m. Mean rugosity of the bottom enclosed within the quadrat is simply the average of the two rugosity measurements. The GPS positions of individual transects at Location = 'BigIsl' were not recorded by GPS; the transects at each of these two sites in 2006 and 2007 were scattered haphazardly throughout 1.0-1.5 ha areas and were centered on: LOCATION = 'BigIsl" and SITE = 'BIPuakoEndofRd_': 19.958 N lat, -155.858 W lon LOCATION = 'BigIsl' and SITE = 'BISpencersPk___': 20.021 N lat, -155.823 W lon At Location = 'Oahu__' and Location = 'Midway', transect positions were grouped in sets of 2-4 by mooring site. The positions of the groups of transects surveyed in 2007 at Location = 'Oahu__' were: SITE = 'OahuKaneoheBay_' and Transect = 1,2,3,4 21.444 N lat, -157.797 W lon SITE = 'OahuKaneoheBay_' and Transect = 5,6: 21.441 N lat, -157.800 W lon SITE = 'OahuKaneoheBay_' and Transect = 7,8: 21.439 N lat, -157.798 W lon SITE = 'OahuKaneoheBay_' and Transect = 9,10: 21.435 N lat, -157.800 W lon SITE = 'OahuKaneoheBay_' and Transect = 11,12: 21.475 N lat, -157.824 W lon SITE = 'OahuKaneoheBay_' and Transect = 13,14: 21.478 N lat, -157.828 W lon SITE = 'OahuKaneoheBay_' and Transect = 15,16: 21.476 N lat, -157.831 W lon SITE = 'OahuKaneoheBay_' and Transect = 17,18: 21.493 N lat, -157.838 W lon SITE = 'OahuKaneoheBay_' and Transect = 19,20: 21.488 N lat, -157.834 W lon SITE = 'OahuKaneoheBay_' and Transect = 21,22: 21.471 N lat, -157.823 W lon SITE = 'OahuKaneoheBay_' and Transect = 23,24: 21.447 N lat, -157.801 W lon SITE = 'OahuKaneoheBay_' and Transect = 25,26: 21.446 N lat, -157.803 W lon SITE = 'OahuKaneoheBay_' and Transect = 27,28: 21.453 N lat, -157.802 W lon SITE = 'OahuKaneoheBay_' and Transect = 29,30,31: 21.469 N lat, -157.820 W lon SITE = 'OahuKaneoheBay_' and Transect = 32,33,34: 21.470 N lat, -157.825 W lon SITE = 'OahuKaneoheBay_' and Transect = 35,36,37: 21.445 N lat, -157.803 W lon SITE = 'OahuKaneoheBay_' and Transect = 38,39,40: 21.450 N lat, -157.810 W lon In 2006 the positions of the transects at the two categories of back reef sites at Location = 'Midway" (Site = 'MWCorlPoorBakRf' and Site = 'MWCorlRichBakRf', each numbered consecutively from 1 to 12) were: SITE = 'MWCorlPoorBakRf' and TRANSECT = 1,2,3: 28.224 N lat, -177.419 W lon SITE = 'MWCorlPoorBakRf' and TRANSECT = 4,5,6: 28.221 N lat, -177.421 W lon SITE = 'MWCorlPoorBakRf' and TRANSECT = 7,8,9: 28.213 N lat, -177.422 W lon SITE = 'MWCorlPoorBakRf' and TRANSECT = 10,11,12: 28.213 N lat, -177.422 W lon SITE = 'MWCorlRichBakRf' and TRANSECT = 1,2,3: 28.278 N lat, -177.365 W lon SITE = 'MWCorlRichBakRf' and TRANSECT = 4,5,6: 28.278 N lat, -177.365 W lon SITE = 'MWCorlRichBakRf' and TRANSECT = 7,8,9: 28.275 N lat, -177.355 W lon SITE = 'MWCorlRichBakRf' and TRANSECT = 10: 28.273 N lat, -177.351 W lon SITE = 'MWCorlRichBakRf' and TRANSECT = 11,12: 28.275 N lat, -177.355 W lon In 2007 the transects at the two categories of back reef sites and two categories of patch reef sites at Midway were numbered 1-80 and were ordered without reference to site category. (The spatial positions of those numbered 1-12 at Midway in 2007 also did not necessarily coincide with the positions of those transects with the respective numbers in 2006; i.e., the transects were not fixed in position between years.) The positions of the series of 80 transects at Location = 'Midway' in 2007 were: SITE = 'MWCorlPoorPR___' and TRANSECT = 1,2,3: 28.223 N lat, -177.378 W lon SITE = 'MWCorlPoorPR___' and TRANSECT = 4,5,6: 28.226 N lat, -177.384 W lon SITE = 'MWCorlPoorPR___' and TRANSECT = 7,8,9: 28.223 N lat, -177.397 W lon SITE = 'MWCorlPoorBakRf' and TRANSECT = 10,11,12: 28.220 N lat, -177.421 W lon SITE = 'MWCorlRichPR___' and TRANSECT = 13,14,15: 28.222 N lat, -177.404 W lon SITE = 'MWCorlPoorPR___' and TRANSECT = 16,17,18: 28.217 N lat, -177.409 W lon SITE = 'MWCorlRichPR___' and TRANSECT = 19,20,21: 28.237 N lat, -177.395 W lon SITE = 'MWCorlRichPR___' and TRANSECT = 22,23,24: 28.233 N lat, -177.386 W lon SITE = 'MWCorlRichBakRf' and TRANSECT = 25,26,27: 28.272 N lat, -177.348 W lon SITE = 'MWCorlRichBakRf' and TRANSECT = 28,29,30: 28.273 N lat, -177.350 W lon SITE = 'MWCorlRichBakRf' and TRANSECT = 31,32,33: 28.278 N lat, -177.367 W lon SITE = 'MWCorlRichBakRf' and TRANSECT = 34,35,36: 28.277 N lat, -177.362 W lon SITE = 'MWCorlPoorBakRf' and TRANSECT = 37,38,39: 28.215 N lat, -177.422 W lon SITE = 'MWCorlPoorBakRf' and TRANSECT = 40,41,42: 28.209 N lat, -177.422 W lon SITE = 'MWCorlPoorBakRf' and TRANSECT = 43,44,45: 28.195 N lat, -177.407 W lon SITE = 'MWCorlPoorPR___' and TRANSECT = 46,47,48: 28.216 N lat, -177.393 W lon SITE = 'MWCorlRichPR___' and TRANSECT = 49,50,51: 28.218 N lat, -177.404 W lon SITE = 'MWCorlPoorPR___' and TRANSECT = 52,53,54: 28.217 N lat, -177.398 W lon SITE = 'MWCorlRichPR___' and TRANSECT = 55,56,57: 28.231 N lat, -177.402 W lon SITE = 'MWCorlPoorPR___' and TRANSECT = 58,59,60: 28.230 N lat, -177.394 W lon SITE = 'MWCorlRichBakRf' and TRANSECT = 61,62,63,64: 28.274 N lat, -177.354 W lon SITE = 'MWCorlRichBakRf' and TRANSECT = 65,66,67,68: 28.269 N lat, -177.386 W lon SITE = 'MWCorlPoorBakRf' and TRANSECT = 69,70,71,72: 28.199 N lat, -177.414 W lon SITE = 'MWCorlPoorBakRf' and TRANSECT = 73,74,75,76: 28.204 N lat, -177.419 W lon SITE = 'MWCorlPoorPR___' and TRANSECT = 77,78,79,80: 28.223 N lat, -177.391 W lon</gco:CharacterString>
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  <gmd:metadataMaintenance>
    <gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
      <gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>
        <gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode" codeListValue="annually">annually</gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode>
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        <gco:CharacterString>This metadata was automatically generated from the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata standard (version FGDC-STD-001-1998) using the 2016-01-11 version of the FGDC RSE to ISO 19115-2 transform.</gco:CharacterString>
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      <gmd:maintenanceNote>
        <gco:CharacterString>Translated from FGDC 2025-03-24T16:19:58.84Z</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Last Metadata Review Date: 2009-07-18</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Edward E. DeMartini</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Fishery Biology and Stock Assessment Division (FBSAD), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:voice>
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                  <gmd:facsimile>
                    <gco:CharacterString>808-983-2902</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>1845 Wasp Blvd., Building 176</gco:CharacterString>
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