gov.noaa.nodc:0220469 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2025-05-20T19:22:00Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Physical, chemical, and biological water quality data and CTD casts collected from small boats in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron in the Great Lakes region from 2008-05-12 to 2010-10-13 (NCEI Accession 0220469) 2020-10-19 publication 2020-10-06 creation NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0220469 NCEI Archive Management System 0220469 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Lacey Mason NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) lacey.mason@noaa.gov http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/ HTTP NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) website Institution web page information resourceProvider NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/ HTTP NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) website Institution web page information resourceProvider NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) NOAA GLERL Data Manager oar.glerl.data@noaa.gov http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/ HTTP NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) website Institution web page information pointOfContact Lacey Mason NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) lacey.mason@noaa.gov http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/ HTTP NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) website Institution web page information pointOfContact Reagan M. Errera NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) reagan.errera@noaa.gov http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/ HTTP NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Casey Godwin University of Michigan Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research (CIGLR) cgodwin@umich.edu https://ciglr.seas.umich.edu/ HTTPS University of Michigan Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research (CIGLR) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Craig Stow NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) craig.stow@noaa.gov http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/ HTTP NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Stow, Craig A. NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/ HTTP NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) website Institution web page information author Dyble, Juli NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/ HTTP NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) website Institution web page information author Kashian, Donna R. Wayne State University author Johengen, Thomas H. Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, University of Michigan https://ciglr.seas.umich.edu/ HTTPS University of Michigan Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research (CIGLR) website Institution web page information author Winslow, Kimberly P. Michigan State University http://www.msu.edu/ HTTP Michigan State University (MSU) website Institution web page information author Peacor, Scott D. Michigan State University http://www.msu.edu/ HTTP Michigan State University (MSU) website Institution web page information author Francoeur, Steven N. Eastern Michigan University author Burtner, Ashley M. Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, University of Michigan https://ciglr.seas.umich.edu/ HTTPS University of Michigan Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research (CIGLR) website Institution web page information author Palladino, Danna NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/ HTTP NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) website Institution web page information author Morehead, Nancy NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/ HTTP NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) website Institution web page information author Gossiaux, Duane NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/ HTTP NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) website Institution web page information author Cha, YoonKyung University of Seoul author Qian, Song S. University of Toledo http://www.utoledo.edu/ HTTP University of Toledo (UT) website Institution web page information author Miller, Dianna Michigan State University http://www.msu.edu/ HTTP Michigan State University (MSU) website Institution web page information author NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/ HTTP NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This dataset includes physical, chemical, and biological water sampling data collected in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron from 2008 to 2010. These data were collected to aid in the understanding of nutrient loading, harmful algal blooms (HABs), and beach health of the Saginaw Bay ecosystem. Water samples were collected 0.5 m below the surface in 500 mL acid-washed bottles pre-rinsed with sample water, stored at 4 °C in the dark, and processed within 24 hours. Water parameters analyzed include Secchi depth, temperature, particulate Microcystin, extracted Chlorophyll-a, total phosphorus, total dissolved phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus, ammonia, nitrate + nitrite, dissolved silica, chloride, particulate organic carbon, particulate organic nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, total suspended solids, and volatile suspended solids. Conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) casts were collected during each field sampling. Some of the casts included sensors to collect chlorophyll fluorescence, dissolved oxygen, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and phycocyanin fluorescence. These data were collected as part of the Saginaw Bay Multiple Stressors project during the five-year study. The study was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (NOAA CSCOR), administered through the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) and builds on previous research in Saginaw Bay conducted by NOAA GLERL from 1991 to 1996. While the project was headquartered at NOAA GLERL, the research team included partners from Michigan State University, the University of Michigan, Purdue University, Wayne State University, Western Michigan University, Eastern Michigan University, Case Western Reserve, the University of Akron, Duke University, LimnoTech, Inc., and the Michigan Departments of Natural Resources and Environmental Quality. This project was intended to focus on research to inform pending management decisions in Saginaw Bay. To help achieve this goal, project team members had numerous meetings with personnel from the MI DNR and DEQ, before, during, and after the project, to discuss the major uncertainties regarding fisheries and water quality management issues. After considerable consultation, the research agenda was centered on issues related to phosphorus inputs and eutrophication symptoms including harmful algal blooms, benthic algal production, and beach fouling (aka “muck”), invasive species and their influence on foodweb dynamics, and concerns regarding walleye and yellow perch production. This dataset includes lake monitoring data that built on previous research and supported many of the project's goals. Funding Agency: US DOC; NOAA; NOS; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science; Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research Funding Agency: NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0220469 Preview graphic PNG 0220469 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2020-07-17 publication AMMONIA (NH3) CHLOROPHYLL A CONDUCTIVITY DEPTH - OBSERVATION DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON DISSOLVED OXYGEN nitrate + nitrite content (concentration) PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON Secchi depth TOTAL PHOSPHORUS WATER TEMPERATURE theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS Secchi disk thermometer instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS in situ laboratory analyses theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Great Lakes place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DOC/NOAA/OAR/GLERL > Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron) Multiple Stressors Study, 2008-2010 project Provider Project Names EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > AMMONIA EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CHLOROPHYLL EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NITRATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NITRITE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > ORGANIC CARBON EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > OXYGEN EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS > SECCHI DEPTH EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > CONDUCTIVITY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian beam attenuation chloride chlorophyll-a extracted dissolved silica particulate microcystin soluble reactive phosphorus total dissolved phosphorus total suspended solids (TSS) volatile suspended solids theme Provider Keywords SECCHI DISKS > SECCHI DISKS THERMOMETERS > THERMOMETERS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Aanderaa Abraxis ELISA kits Biospherical PAR sensor, model QSP-2300 Perkin Elmer (model 2400) CHN elemental analyzer Sea-Bird 19 Shimadzu total organic carbon analyzer (model TOC-5000) Technicon Auto Analyzer II Turner 10AU filter instrument Provider Instruments NOAA GLERL's small boats platform Provider Platform Names CONTINENT > NORTH AMERICA > CANADA > GREAT LAKES, CANADA CONTINENT > NORTH AMERICA > UNITED STATES OF AMERICA > GREAT LAKES place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Lake Huron Saginaw Bay place Provider Place Names TM08JA Send2NCEI Submission Package ID accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Stow, Craig A.; Dyble, Juli; Kashian, Donna R.; Johengen, Thomas H.; Winslow, Kimberly P.; Peacor, Scott D.; Francoeur, Steven N.; Burtner, Ashley M.; Palladino, Danna; Morehead, Nancy; Gossiaux, Duane; Cha, YoonKyung; Qian, Song S.; Miller, Dianna (2020). Physical, chemical, and biological water quality data and CTD casts collected from small boats in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron in the Great Lakes region from 2008-05-12 to 2010-10-13 (NCEI Accession 0220469). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0220469. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. SAGINAW BAY Multiple Stressors Summary Report 2013-01-09 publication https://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/tech_reports/glerl-160/tm-160.pdf HTTPS https://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/tech_reports/glerl-160/tm-160.pdf NOAA Technical Memorandum GLERL-160 download Stow, Craig NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory author Hook, Tomas Purdue University author NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory publisher documentDigital crossReference sciencePaper Stow, C. A., Dyble, J., Kashian, D. R., Johengen, T. H., Winslow, K. P., Peacor, S. D., Francoeur, S. N., Burtner, A. M., Palladino, D., Morehead, N., Gossiaux, D., Cha, Y., Qian, S. S., & Miller, D. (2014). Phosphorus targets and eutrophication objectives in Saginaw Bay: A 35year assessment. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 40, 4–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2013.10.003 2014 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2013.10.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2013.10.003 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2013.10.003 related journal article information Stow, Craig A. author Dyble, Juli author Kashian, Donna R. author Johengen, Thomas H. author Winslow, Kimberly Peters author Peacor, Scott D. author Francoeur, Steven N. author Burtner, Ashley M. author Palladino, Danna author Morehead, Nancy author Gossiaux, Duane author Cha, YoonKyung author Qian, Song S. author Miller, Dianna author Elsevier BV publisher documentDigital Journal of Great Lakes Research 40 ISSN 0380-1330, pp. 4-10 crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA utf8 environment oceans -83.9 -83 43.6 44.3 2008-05-12 2010-10-13 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. CSV Shapefile JPEG 1.952 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0220469 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/220469 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/220469 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0161/0220469/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0220469 v1.1 was published. 2020-10-19T22:57:45Z NCEI Accession 0220469 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0220469/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0220469 v1.1 published 2020-10-19T22:57:45Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: DEPTH - OBSERVATION (measured); Units: meter; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: na; Sampling and Analyzing Method: na; Data Quality Method: expert review Parameter or Variable: SECCHI DEPTH (measured); Units: meter; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: secchi disk; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Secchi-disk transparency was measured by lowering a white disk that was 25 cm in diameter.; Data Quality Method: expert review Parameter or Variable: WATER TEMPERATURE (measured); Units: degrees Celsius; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: thermometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Water temperature was obtained by placing a thermometer in a portion of water collected in the Niskin bottle immediately after it was brought to the surface.; Data Quality Method: expert review Parameter or Variable: CONDUCTIVITY (measured); Units: microsiemens per centimeter; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Sea-Bird 19; Sampling and Analyzing Method: A Sea-Bird CTD with a transmissometer (25-cm beam path) was slowly lowered from the surface to 1 m above the bottom. All data points were logged twice each second.; Data Quality Method: expert review Parameter or Variable: BEAM ATTENUATION (measured); Units: m^-1; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Biospherical PAR sensor, model QSP-2300; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Photosynthetically active irradiation (PAR) was measured at a number of depths in the water column with a Biospherical PAR sensor, model QSP-2300.; Data Quality Method: expert review Parameter or Variable: DISSOLVED OXYGEN (measured); Units: milligrams per liter; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Aanderaa; Sampling and Analyzing Method: A Sea-Bird CTD was slowly lowered from the surface to 1 m above the bottom. Dissolved oxygen was measured using a Aanderaa sensor (# 908).; Data Quality Method: expert review Parameter or Variable: CHLOROPHYLL-A - EXTRACTED (measured); Units: micrograms per liter; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: Turner 10AU; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Chlorophyll-a was measured following Welschmeyer (1994).; Data Quality Method: expert review Parameter or Variable: TOTAL PHOSPHORUS (measured); Units: micrograms per liter; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: Technicon Auto Analyzer II; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Nutrient concentrations were determined using standard automated colorimetric techniques (APHA, 1990) on a Technicon Auto Analyzer II, as detailed in Davis and Simmons (1979). Total phosphorus was measured from unfiltered water digested with 5% potassium persulfate in an autoclave for 30 minutes. It was analyzed colorimetrically using the molybdate/ascorbic acid method.; Data Quality Method: expert review Parameter or Variable: Total Dissolved Phosphorus (measured); Units: micrograms per liter; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: Technicon Auto Analyzer II; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Nutrient concentrations were determined using standard automated colorimetric techniques (APHA, 1990) on a Technicon Auto Analyzer II, as detailed in Davis and Simmons (1979). Total dissolved phosphorus was measured from filtered (0.22 μm nylon membrane filter) water digested with 5% potassium persulfate in an autoclave for 30 minutes. It was analyzed colorimetrically using the molybdate/ascorbic acid method.; Data Quality Method: expert review Parameter or Variable: Soluble Reactive Phosphorus (measured); Units: micrograms per liter; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: Technicon Auto Analyzer II; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Nutrient concentrations were determined using standard automated colorimetric techniques (APHA, 1990) on a Technicon Auto Analyzer II, as detailed in Davis and Simmons (1979). Soluble reactive phosphorus was filtered through a 0.22 μm nylon membrane filter and analyzed colorimetrically using the molybdate/ascorbic acid method. The detection limit for this method is 0.1 µg/L.; Data Quality Method: expert review Parameter or Variable: AMMONIA (NH3) (measured); Units: micrograms nitrogen per liters; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: Technicon Auto Analyzer II; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Nutrient concentrations were determined using standard automated colorimetric techniques (APHA, 1990) on a Technicon Auto Analyzer II, as detailed in Davis and Simmons (1979). Ammonia was measured was filtered through a 0.22 μm nylon membrane filter and analyzed colorimetrically using the Bertholet reaction.; Data Quality Method: expert review Parameter or Variable: nitrate + nitrite content (concentration) (measured); Units: milligrams per liter; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: Technicon Auto Analyzer II; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Nutrient concentrations were determined using standard automated colorimetric techniques (APHA, 1990) on a Technicon Auto Analyzer II, as detailed in Davis and Simmons (1979). Nitrate+Nitrite was filtered through a 0.22 μm nylon membrane filter and analyzed colorimetrically using the cadmium reduction method. The detection limit for this method is 0.01 mg/L.; Data Quality Method: expert review Parameter or Variable: dissolved silica (measured); Units: milligrams per liter; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: Technicon Auto Analyzer II; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Nutrient concentrations were determined using standard automated colorimetric techniques (APHA, 1990) on a Technicon Auto Analyzer II, as detailed in Davis and Simmons (1979). Dissolved silica was filtered through a 0.22 μm nylon membrane filter and analyzed using the heteropoly blue method.; Data Quality Method: expert review Parameter or Variable: chloride (measured); Units: milligrams per liter; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: Technicon Auto Analyzer II; Sampling and Analyzing Method: "Nutrient concentrations were determined using standard automated colorimetric techniques (APHA, 1990) on a Technicon Auto Analyzer II, as detailed in Davis and Simmons (1979). Chloride was filtered through a0.22 μm nylon membrane filter and analyzed using the mercuric thiocyanide/ferric ammonium sulfate method."; Data Quality Method: expert review Parameter or Variable: PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON (measured); Units: milligrams per liter; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: Perkin Elmer (model 2400) CHN elemental analyzer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Samples for particulate organic carbon were processed in triplicate by filtering 50 or 100 mL of sample through pre-combusted GFF filters. Filters were frozen until analysis, then thawed, acidified with 10% HCl, and dried. Measurements were made with a Perkin Elmer (model 2400) CHN elemental analyzer.; Data Quality Method: expert review Parameter or Variable: DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON (measured); Units: milligrams per liter; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: Shimadzu total organic carbon analyzer (model TOC-5000); Sampling and Analyzing Method: Samples for dissolved organic carbon were processed in triplicate by filtering 50 or 100 mL of sample through pre-combusted GFF filters. The filtrate was acidified with HCl and sparged with air for 6 minutes to remove CO2. DOC was determined using a Shimadzu total organic carbon analyzer (model TOC-5000) fitted with an auto sampler.; Data Quality Method: expert review Parameter or Variable: Total Suspended Solids (TSS) (measured); Units: milligrams per liter; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: filter; Sampling and Analyzing Method: "Total suspended solids were determined by filtering between 500 and 2,000 mL of sample through a pre-dried, pre-weighed Whatman GFC 47-mm filter. The filters were then dried at 60ºC for at least 48 h and reweighed."; Data Quality Method: expert review Parameter or Variable: Particulate Microcystin (measured); Units: micrograms per liter; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: Abraxis ELISA kits; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Two replicates for particulate microcystin (MC) were filtered onto Whatman GF/F filters. Filters were placed in 70:30 methanol:water, sonicated, and toxins extracted for 12 hours at -20C. After removing the solvent extract, extraction was repeated twice again for an hour. Microcystin were quantified using commercial-available Abraxis ELISA kits. The detection limit for this method is 0.1 µg/L.; Data Quality Method: expert review Parameter or Variable: Volatile Suspended Solids (measured); Units: milligrams per liter; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: filter; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Volatile suspended solids were determined by ashing total suspend solid filters at 450°C for 4 hours, weighing, and determining the mass lost.; Data Quality Method: expert review asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian Secchi disk Secchi disk The Secchi disk (or Secchi disc), as created in 1865 by Angelo Secchi, is a plain white, circular disk 30 cm (12 in) in diameter used to measure water transparency or turbidity in bodies of water. The disc is mounted on a pole or line, and lowered slowly down in the water. The depth at which the disk is no longer visible is taken as a measure of the transparency of the water. This measure is known as the Secchi depth and is related to water turbidity. [Wikipedia, 2021-09-02] thermometer thermometer generic thermometer or reversing thermometer use thermometer when temperature is a data type, but the exact instrument used to measure temperature is unknown