gov.noaa.nodc:0001063 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-05-04T16:42:15Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Anthropogenic and natural stresses on coral reefs in Hawaii: a multi-decade synthesis of impact and recovery from 1973 to 2002 (NCEI Accession 0001063) 2003-06-18 publication 2003-06-18 creation NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0001063 NCEI Archive Management System 0001063 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Steven J. Dollar University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (UHM) https://manoa.hawaii.edu/ HTTPS University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (UHM) website Institution web page information resourceProvider University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (UHM) https://manoa.hawaii.edu/ HTTPS University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (UHM) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Steven J. Dollar University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (UHM) https://manoa.hawaii.edu/ HTTPS University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (UHM) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Richard W. Grigg University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (UHM) rgrigg@soest.hawaii.edu https://manoa.hawaii.edu/ HTTPS University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (UHM) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Dollar, Steven J. University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa https://manoa.hawaii.edu/ HTTPS University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (UHM) website Institution web page information author Richard W. Grigg University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (UHM) rgrigg@soest.hawaii.edu https://manoa.hawaii.edu/ HTTPS University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (UHM) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (UHM) https://manoa.hawaii.edu/ HTTPS University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (UHM) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital In 2002, quantitative photo-transect surveys documenting coral community structure off six coastal sites in Hawaii were repeated to complete longterm data sets of 12 to 30 years duration. Study sites included areas fronting resort development, active and inactive sewage outfalls, and an area where there is no anthropogenic activity, but has been subjected to a variety of storm events. At the only site within a semi-enclosed embayment erosion from surrounding pineapple fields resulted in a decrease in living coral. Such periodic sedimentation in the Bay drives a cycle of damage and recovery that results in coral community structure different than other sheltered embayments in Hawaii. At the other five sites, located in open coastal waters, coral community structure was not adversely affected by shoreline development or discharge of treated sewage effluent. Long-term studies of pristine reefs under natural stress from episodic storms indicate that recovery along the successional continuum varies with time in the different reef zones. The results of these studies provide a framework for effective and efficient coral reef management in Hawaii. Understanding patterns of natural and man-induced stress and recovery can provide a good model for management strategies, as anthropogenic impacts are superimposed over natural stresses. Our results provide good evidence that management efforts should be concentrated in embayments and areas with restricted circulation. Because such areas comprise less than 10% of the coastal areas, it is concluded that the overall condition of coral reefs in Hawaii is good, and should remain so. While concerns of catastrophic loss from anthropogenic impact to coral reefs are valid in some areas of the world, they do not accurately depict the overall health of coral reefs in Hawaii. Support coral reef management. Funding: Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative Research Program, Grant No.658414 completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0001063 Preview graphic PNG 0001063 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2003-06-18 publication CORAL - CENSUS CORAL - SPECIES IDENTIFICATION REEF AND/OR BOTTOM REGIME - PERCENT COVER theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS camera instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS benthic survey - coral reef theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS SWIMMER/DIVER platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Coral Reef Information System (CoRIS) CORAL REEF STUDIES project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Coastal Waters of Hawaii Northeast Pacific Ocean (limit-180) place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NODC > National Oceanographic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES > COASTAL LANDFORMS > CORAL REEFS theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Percent bottom cover of all species Percent coral cover of select corals absolute and percent change in coral cover coastal data coral ecosystem species abundance species cover diversity species number theme Originator Keywords CAMERA > CAMERA instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian SWIMMER/DIVER (ICES code: 33DV) platform ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > HAWAIIAN ISLANDS OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Hawaii Honolua, Maui Keawekaheka, Hawaii Mauna Lani Resort, Hawaii North Pacific Princeville, Kauai Sand Island Outfall, Mamala Bay, Oahu Sandy Beach, East Oahu Outfall place Originator Place Names accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Dollar, Steven J. (2003). Anthropogenic and natural stresses on coral reefs in Hawaii: a multi-decade synthesis of impact and recovery from 1973 to 2002 (NCEI Accession 0001063). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0001063. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. eng; USA utf8 environment oceans biota -155.95 -155.5 19.48 22.22 1973-01-01 2002-12-31 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. PDF Excel CSV 15.94 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0001063 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/1063 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/1063 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0016/0001063/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0001063 v1.1 was published. 2003-06-18T18:12:19Z NCEI Accession 0001063 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0001063/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0001063 v1.1 published 2003-06-18T18:12:19Z download repository NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015. 2015-04-22T00:00:00 asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian camera camera An instrument for recording images. SWIMMER/DIVER SWIMMER/DIVER