gov.noaa.nodc:0157456 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-07-29T13:01:36Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Historical Global observations of oceanic radiocarbon conducted prior to GEOSECS (NCEI Accession 0157456) 2016-12-11 publication 2016-12-11 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.3334/cdiac/otg.hist_c14_obs NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0157456 NCEI Archive Management System 0157456 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Alex Kozyr Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) Alex.Kozyr@noaa.gov https://cisess.umd.edu/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) resourceProvider Heather Graven University of California San Diego (UCSD) hgraven@ucsd.edu principalInvestigator Robert M. Key Princeton University key@princeton.edu http://www.princeton.edu HTTP Princeton University website Institution web page information collaborator Alex Kozyr Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) Alex.Kozyr@noaa.gov https://cisess.umd.edu/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) website Institution web page information collaborator Graven, Heather University of California San Diego author Kozyr, Alex Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies https://cisess.umd.edu/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) website Institution web page information author Key, Robert M. Princeton University key@princeton.edu http://www.princeton.edu HTTP Princeton University website Institution web page information author Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) https://scripps.ucsd.edu/ HTTPS Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This dataset contains historical measurements of radiocarbon in oceanic dissolved inorganic carbon (map of the measurement locations). The measurements were compiled and digitized from published articles (Bien et al. 1960, 1965; Broecker et al. 1960; Fairhall and Young 1985; and Linick 1978). The data compilation contains roughly 1500 observations over the period 1955-1974. Samples were collected at the ocean surface and at various depths in the ocean interior. All of the major ocean basins are represented. The methodology involved large-volume sampling of seawater that was acidified to release CO2. The collected CO2 was analyzed for the 14C/C ratio by counting techniques at the SIO, LDEO or University of Washington laboratories. The measurements are reported as Δ14C, which includes a correction for mass dependent fractionation using measurements of δ13C in the CO2 samples. When measurements of δ13C were not available, estimates of δ13C were used to calculate Δ14C. Further details are available in the original publications. In some samples from Broecker et al. (1960), isotopic fractionation occurred while sampling. Δ14C is not affected by fractionation, due to the δ13C correction, but the reported δ13C in these cases is not representative of oceanic δ13C. We omit δ13C measurements on samples assumed to have experienced fractionation (δ13C less than -2.8 per mil or greater than +2.8 per mil), though we caution that some of the retained δ13C data from Broecker et al. (1960) may not be reliable. In some samples from Fairhall and Young (1985), a date range rather than a single date was given for the sample date. We use the midpoint of the date range for these samples. Linick (1978) updates Δ14C measurements previously reported by Bien et al. (1960; 1965), among others. We use the Δ14C data of Linick (1978) for these samples, filling in temperature and salinity data from Bien et al. (1960; 1965) that was missing in Linick (1978). Observations of dissolved inorganic carbon concentration from Fairhall and Young (1985) were converted from mM to µmol/kg by assuming constant density of 1.025 kg/l. The datafile contains 14 columns: Cruise Name, Sample Identification Number, Latitude, Longitude, Date, Depth (m), Temperature (°C), Salinity, Δ14C (/mille), Δ14C uncertainty (/mille), δ13C (/mille), δ13C uncertainty (/mille), Dissolved Inorganic Carbon concentration (µmol/kg), Source. Missing data is denoted with values of -999. This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis. completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0157456 Preview graphic PNG 0157456 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2016-12-11 publication DELTA CARBON-13 DELTA CARBON-14 DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC) SALINITY WATER TEMPERATURE theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS chemical physical surface underway theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS Scripps Institution of Oceanography dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Arabian Sea Bering Sea Caribbean Sea Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia Great Australian Bight Gulf of Alaska Indian Ocean Ionian Sea Jawa (Java) Sea Labrador Sea Laccadive Sea Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean Sea - Eastern Basin Mediterranean Sea - Western Basin North Atlantic Ocean North Pacific Ocean Philippine Sea Red Sea Sea of Okhotsk South Atlantic Ocean South Pacific Ocean Southern Ocean Tasman Sea place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DOE/ORNL/ESD/CDIAC > Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian C14_19550101 project Cruise ID Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project project Ocean Acidification Search Keywords EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > INORGANIC CARBON EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Surface underway theme OCADS Study Type DELC13 DELC13UNC DELC14 DELC14UNC SALNTY TCARBN TMP theme Provider Variable Abbreviations CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > CARIBBEAN SEA OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > MEDITERRANEAN SEA OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN OCEAN > INDIAN OCEAN OCEAN > INDIAN OCEAN > ARABIAN SEA OCEAN > INDIAN OCEAN > RED SEA OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN > BERING SEA OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN > GULF OF ALASKA OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN > SEA OF OKHOTSK OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > WESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH CHINA AND EASTERN ARCHIPELAGIC SEAS OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian World Ocean place Provider Geographic Names accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Graven, Heather; Kozyr, Alex; Key, Robert M. (2016). Historical Global observations of oceanic radiocarbon conducted prior to GEOSECS (NCEI Accession 0157456). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.3334/cdiac/otg.hist_c14_obs. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Graven, H., A. Kozyr, and R. M. Key (2012). Historical observations of oceanic radiocarbon conducted prior to GEOSECS. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Historical_Radiocarbon_Observations_1955_1974. 2012 publication Historical_Radiocarbon_Observations_1955_1974 Graven, H., A. Kozyr, and R. M. Key author Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) publisher Ocean CO2 [retrieved from http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/oceans/Historical_C14_obs/] crossReference NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system 2022-04 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system OCADS website information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital [accessed 2024-02-08] crossReference program eng; USA utf8 environment oceans 38.216667 28.65 -71.7 59.5 1955-01-01 1974-12-31 These data were acquired by NCEI from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) in accordance with an archival submission agreement between CDIAC and NCEI. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. CSV 7.928 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0157456.html HTTPS Web browser Project Metadata Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://doi.org/10.3334/cdiac/otg.hist_c14_obs HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/157456 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/157456 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0101/0157456/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0157456 v1.1 was published. 2016-12-11T19:36:59Z NCEI Accession 0157456 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0157456/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0157456 v1.1 published 2016-12-11T19:36:59Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: TMP; Abbreviation: TMP; Unit: DEG_C; Controlled vocabulary name: WATER TEMPERATURE; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation Parameter or Variable: SALNTY; Abbreviation: SALNTY; Controlled vocabulary name: SALINITY; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation Parameter or Variable: DELC14; Abbreviation: DELC14; Unit: /MILLR; Controlled vocabulary name: DELTA CARBON-14; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation Parameter or Variable: DELC14UNC; Abbreviation: DELC14UNC; Unit: /MILLR; Controlled vocabulary name: DELTA CARBON-14; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation Parameter or Variable: DELC13; Abbreviation: DELC13; Unit: /MILLR; Controlled vocabulary name: DELTA CARBON-13; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation Parameter or Variable: DELC13UNC; Abbreviation: DELC13UNC; Unit: /MILLR; Controlled vocabulary name: DELTA CARBON-13; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation Parameter or Variable: TCARBN; Abbreviation: TCARBN; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.