gov.noaa.nodc:0316299 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-07-27T00:39:03Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Benthic, urchin, and fish observation data collected for coral reef carbonate budget assessments in the Hawaiian Archipelago in 2024 (NCEI Accession 0316299) 2026-07-07 publication 2026-06-29 creation NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0316299 NCEI Archive Management System 0316299 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Lori Luers NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information resourceProvider NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/PIFSC) resourceProvider Hannah C. Barkley NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division hannah.barkley@noaa.gov https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Lori Luers NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information pointOfContact NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information author NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This data package includes the benthic, urchin, and fish observation data collected for coral reef carbonate budget assessments by the Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) of NOAA's Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) at fixed sites around the main and Northwestern Hawaiian Islands in 2024. Urchin survey data (genus/species, test size, and abundance) were collected from in-water belt transect surveys. Fish survey data (genus/species, count, and size) were collected using stationary point count surveys conducted at fixed sites. Benthic data (genus/species, morphology, and surface distance of corals, crustose coralline algae, macroalgae, and other benthic components) were extracted from fixed-site Structure-from-Motion imagery. The raw data in this data package can be integrated with referential databases to calculate site-level coral reef carbonate production and erosion rates. The referential database used for grazing metrics of herbivorous fishes of the Pacific is archived with NCEI with its metadata accessible under 'Related Items' of this InPort metadata record. The referential database for calcification rates developed for the Pacific is accessible along with scripts for this project at the github repository: https://github.com/hannahbarkley/reefbudgetR/tree/main Benthic, urchin, and fish observation data may be used to calculate site-level carbonate production and carbonate erosion rates. Coral reef framework is produced by the growth of corals, crustose coralline algae, and other benthic calcifiers, and persists when rates of carbonate production outpace rates of physical erosion from storms, chemical dissolution, and biological erosion from corallivorous fish, urchins, macrobioeroders, and microbioeroders. The relative rates of gross carbonate production and carbonate erosion and resulting net rate of carbonate production -- the reef's carbonate budget -- thus offer a quantitative metric for assessing coral reef functional status, growth potential, and capacity for maintaining complex habitat. Tracking these metrics becomes increasingly critical under a rapidly changing climate, as ocean warming, ocean acidification, and sea-level rise threaten to reduce rates of coral and crustose coralline algae calcification, accelerate rates of carbonate erosion, and thereby jeopardize the persistence of coral reef habitat. The NOAA National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) details a long term approach to provide an ecosystem perspective via monitoring climate, fish, benthic, and socioeconomic variables in a consistent and integrated manner. The NCRMP coordinates various NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) biological, physical, and human dimensions activities into a cohesive NOAA-wide effort. Through the implementation of the NCRMP, NOAA is able to clearly and concisely communicate results of national-scale monitoring to national, state, and territorial policy makers, resource managers, and the public on a periodic basis. NCRMP is a framework for conducting sustained observations of biological, climate, and socioeconomic indicators at 10 priority coral reefs across the U.S. and its territories. This integrated approach consolidates monitoring of coral reefs under a uniform method in the Pacific, Atlantic, Caribbean, and the Gulf of America for the first time. NCRMP is funded by the Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) and supported by NOAA Fisheries, NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), NOAA Coral Reef Watch, and many other partners. The Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) at NOAA Fisheries is leading in-situ climate monitoring in the U.S. Pacific Islands Region. The climate component of NCRMP in the Pacific provides a comprehensive view of climate change impacts on coral reef ecosystems and helps identify areas of resilience and vulnerability. The key indicators used to identify and monitor climate-driven trends include 1) thermal stress caused by changes in sea temperature, 2) ocean acidification resulting from changes in carbonate chemistry, and 3) ecological impacts by collecting data on coral growth rates, erosion, and community structure to understand the impacts of thermal stress and ocean acidification on the ecosystem. Each year, ESD scientists work closely with CRCP and partners during Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (RAMP) missions to collect data using moored oceanographic and ecological instruments stationed at fixed sites in the Pacific Ocean, and water samples collected by divers. The in-situ data and satellite-based observations are also used in modeling efforts. Innovative analysis techniques are used to develop products that give fellow scientists, managers, decision makers and the public a better understanding of a region's resources and how they are changing over time. Funding Agency: Ocean Acidification Program Office (OAP) Funding Agency: NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0316299 Preview graphic PNG 0316299 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2026-06-15 publication BENTHIC SPECIES CORAL CORAL - SPECIES IDENTIFICATION FISH - CORAL REEF FISH CENSUS FISH SPECIES HABITAT - BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE SPECIES MACROALGAE MACROINVERTEBRATE CENSUS SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SPECIES IDENTIFICATION - ORGANISM LENGTH theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS photo-identification techniques swimmer/diver visual observation instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS biological in situ laboratory analyses survey survey - biological survey - coral reef survey - swimmer/diver visual estimate visual observation theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS NOAA Ship Oscar Elton Sette platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) CORAL REEF STUDIES National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary North Pacific Ocean Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication CRED CREP Coral Reef Ecosystem Division Coral Reef Ecosystem Program ESD Ecosystem Sciences Division PIFSC Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center dataCentre Contributing Data Centers DOC/NOAA/NMFS > National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce DOC/NOAA/NMFS/PIFSC/ESD > Ecosystem Sciences Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian 743 National Coral Reef Monitoring Program project CRCP Project Numeric Data Sets > Biology theme CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Benthic Habitat EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Reef Habitat EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Microbiota > Blue-green Algae EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Algal Cover EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Calcareous Macroalgae EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Crustose Coralline Algae EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Encrusting Macroalgae EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Fleshy Macroalgae EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Reef Monitoring and Assessment EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Turf Algae EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral biodiversity EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Benthos Analysis EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Benthos Analysis > Transect Monitoring > Belt Transect EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Benthos Analysis > Transect Monitoring > Linear Transect (line) EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Benthos Analysis > Transect monitoring EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > In Situ Biological EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Macroinvertebrate Census > Belt Transect EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Macroinvertebrate Density and Species Richness EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Reef Fish Census EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Reef Fish Census > Stationary EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Benthic biology EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Coral EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Coral Communities EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Macroinvertebrate Communities EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Macroinvertebrates EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates > Biodiversity EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates > Census EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates > Macroinvertebrates theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > ANIMALS/INVERTEBRATES EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES > FISH EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > PLANTS > MACROALGAE (SEAWEEDS) EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOSYSTEMS > MARINE ECOSYSTEMS > BENTHIC EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES > COASTAL LANDFORMS > CORAL REEFS theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Rapid Ecological Assessment ReefBudget Stationary Point Count Transect Survey carbonate budgets theme Provider Keywords Photo-Identification Techniques VISUAL OBSERVATIONS > VISUAL OBSERVATIONS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Ships platform Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian OSCAR ELTON SETTE (call sign: WTEE, ICES code: 33OC, 2003-) platform ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Hawaii > Hawaii (21N160W0000) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Hawaii > Hawaii Island (19N155W0003) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Hawaii > Kauai Island (22N159W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Hawaii > Molokai Island (21N157W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > French Frigate Shoals (24N166W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Kure Atoll (28N178W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Lisianski Island (25N173W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (28N178W0000) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Oahu (21N157W0003) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Pearl and Hermes Reef (27N176W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Kalawao > Kahoolawe Island (20N156W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Kauai > Niihau Island (21N160W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Maui > Lanai Island (20N156W0002) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Maui > Maui Island (20N156W0004) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaiian Islands (21N157W0027) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands (21N157W0027) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Hawaii > Hawaii (21N160W0000) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Hawaii Island > Hawaii Island (19N155W0003) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Kahoolawe Island > Kahoolawe Island (20N156W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Kauai Island > Kauai Island (22N159W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Lanai Island > Lanai Island (20N156W0002) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Maui Island > Maui Island (20N156W0004) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Molokai Island > Molokai Island (21N157W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Niihau Island > Niihau Island (21N160W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Oahu Island > Oahu (21N157W0003) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (28N178W0000) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > French Frigate Shoals (24N166W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > Kure Atoll (28N178W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > Lisianski Island (25N173W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > Pearl and Hermes Reef (27N176W0001) place CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > HAWAIIAN ISLANDS OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument place Provider Place Names FTXB3H Send2NCEI Submission Package ID accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division (2026). National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Benthic, urchin, and fish observation data collected for coral reef carbonate budget assessments in the Hawaiian Archipelago in 2024 (NCEI Accession 0316299). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0316299. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. license This dataset has been dedicated to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication. SPDX License: Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (CC0-1.0) Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, 2026: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Benthic, urchin, and fish observation data collected for coral reef carbonate buget assessments in the Hawaiian Archipelago in 2024 2026 publication https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/73792 HTTPS https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/73792 InPort Metadata Record information crossReference Barkley, H. C., Weible, R. M., Halperin, A. A., Alagata, C. E., Kindinger, T., Torres-Pulliza, D., Lamirand, M. S., Huntington, B. E., Couch, C. S., Amir, C. G., Besemer, N. I., Charendoff, J. A., Ehrenberg, J., Garriques, J. D., Gray, A. E., Hayes, N., Ingeman, K. E., Luers, L. H., McCoy, K. S., … Samson, J. C. (2023). Carbonate budget assessments in the U.S. Pacific Islands: report of methods comparison results and summary of standard operating procedures. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS PIFSC ; 154. https://doi.org/10.25923/g4hg-7686 2023 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.25923/g4hg-7686 https://doi.org/10.25923/g4hg-7686 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.25923/g4hg-7686 Related NOAA Technical Memorandum information Barkley, Hannah C. author Weible, Rebecca M. author Halperin, Ariel A. author Alagata, Candace E. author Kindinger, Tye author Torres-Pulliza, Damaris author Lamirand, Mia S. author Huntington, Brittany E. author Couch, Courtney S. author Amir, Corinne G. author Besemer, Nicole I. author Charendoff, Jonathan A. author Ehrenberg, Jon author Garriques, Joao D. author Gray, Andrew E. author Hayes, Nathan author Ingeman, Kurt E. author Luers, Lori H. author McCoy, Kaylyn S. author Pomeroy, Noah V. author Smith, Joy N. author Vargas-Ángel, Bernardo author Towle, Erica K. author Samson, Jennifer C. author Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (U.S.) publisher documentDigital NOAA technical memorandum NMFS PIFSC ; 154 crossReference userGuide Barkley, H. C., Halperin, A. A., Torres-Pulliza, D., Lamirand, M. S., Couch, C. S., Alagata, C. E., Weible, R. M., Smith, J. N., Oliver, T. A., & Perry, C. T. (2025). Estimating coral reef carbonate budgets using Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry. Coral Reefs, 44(3), 937–951. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-025-02660-7 2025-04-18 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-025-02660-7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-025-02660-7 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-025-02660-7 Related journal article information Barkley, Hannah C. author Halperin, Ariel A. author Torres-Pulliza, Damaris author Lamirand, Mia S. author Couch, Courtney S. author Alagata, Candace E. author Weible, Rebecca M. author Smith, Joy N. author Oliver, Thomas A. author Perry, Chris T. author Springer Science and Business Media LLC publisher documentDigital Coral Reefs 44(3) ISSN 0722-4028, ISSN 1432-0975, pp. 937-951 crossReference sciencePaper Ecosystem Sciences Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (2023). Database of Grazing Metrics of Herbivorous Fishes of the Indo-Pacific (NCEI Accession 0259399). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/ymn7-0m52. 2023-09-01 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.25921/ymn7-0m52 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0259399 https://doi.org/10.25921/ymn7-0m52 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.25921/ymn7-0m52 NCEI accession containing the referential database for grazing metrics of herbivorous fishes in the U.S. Pacific Islands region information Ecosystem Sciences Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher tableDigital crossReference collection Barkley, H. 2026. reefBudgetR Repository. https://github.com/hannahbarkley/reefbudgetR/tree/main 2026 publication https://github.com/hannahbarkley/reefbudgetR/tree/main HTTPS https://github.com/hannahbarkley/reefbudgetR/tree/main GitHub repository containing the referential database for calcification rates developed for the U.S. Pacific Islands region, and associated carbonate budget R scripts information Barkley, H US DOC; NOAA; NMFS; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; Ecosystem Sciences Division hannah.barkley@noaa.gov author crossReference project Perry CT, Lange I, Januchowski-Hartley FA (2018) ReefBudget Indo Pacific: online resource and methodology. Retrieved from http://geography.exeter.ac.uk/reefbudget/ 2018 publication http://geography.exeter.ac.uk/reefbudget/ HTTP http://geography.exeter.ac.uk/reefbudget/ ReefBudget website containing carbonate budget methodologies and resources information Perry, C.T. University of Exeter c.perry@exeter.ac.uk author Lange, I.D. University of Exeter i.lange@exeter.ac.uk author Januchowski-Hartley, F.A. University of Exeter author University of Exeter https://www.exeter.ac.uk/ HTTPS website Institution web page information publisher crossReference project NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division (2023). Benthic, urchin, and fish observation data collected using multiple methodologies to calculate coral reef carbonate budget estimates for sites off of O'ahu in the Main Hawaiian Islands in 2021 (NCEI Accession 0283630). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0283630. 2023-10-20 publication NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0283630 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0283630 HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0283630 Associated NCEI data accession information NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher tableDigital crossReference collection eng; USA utf8 environment oceans biota -178.3781 -155.05803 19.2443 28.45291 2024-05-29 2024-08-25 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. CSV 4.616 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0316299 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/316299 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/316299 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0245/0316299/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0316299 v1.1 was published. 2026-07-07T19:50:06Z NCEI Accession 0316299 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0316299/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0316299 v1.1 published 2026-07-07T19:50:06Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: SPECIES IDENTIFICATION (measured); Units: unitless; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: swimmer/diver; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Urchins: Urchin surveys were conducted along six 10 m x 1 m belt transects. Along each transect, divers recorded the number of individuals observed for the following genera: Echinostrephus spp., Echinothrix spp., Diadema spp., and Echinometra spp. Fish: Fish data were collected using Stationary Point Count surveys at fixed sites. Pairs of divers record the number, size, and species of all fishes observed within visually estimated cylinders 15 meters (m) in diameter. At the start of a survey dive, a pair of divers first lay down a 30-m transect line along a predetermined depth contour, and then the two divers move to the 7.5- and 22.5-m marks on that line; these marks serve as the centers of two adjacent SPC cylinders. During the first 5 minutes of a survey, the divers create a list of the fish species observed in or passing through their cylinder. After the first 5 minutes, divers systematically proceed down their species lists, counting and estimating the size (total length) of each fish present to the nearest centimeter. Species seen after the 5 minutes or outside of the survey area are recorded as present.; Data Quality Method: The same methods of data collection are used at each surveyed site. Observations at each site were made by divers who have been trained, and met minimum standards in identifying species present at the survey locations and in estimating size of urchins and fish. All species identifications are made visually. Observations, including species identification and sizing, are periodically checked during expeditions for consistency between divers (diver bias) or other discrepancies. Data entry is usually conducted on the same day as the surveys using a data entry interface with several data controls employed, and are quality controlled by the divers using a two-person system. Following a mission, the data is then run through rigorous quality control checks by the data management team before the data are migrated to the Oracle database. Given the size of the data set, there remains some possibility of typographical or other errors. Parameter or Variable: SPECIES IDENTIFICATION - ORGANISM LENGTH (measured); Units: cm; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: swimmer/diver; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Urchins: Urchin surveys were conducted along six 10 m x 1 m belt transects. Along each transect, divers recorded the number and test size (size of the urchin shell excluding spines) for the following genera: Echinostrephus spp., Echinothrix spp., Diadema spp., and Echinometra spp. Test sizes were measured with a scale bar on the side of the dive slates and binned into 20 mm size classes: 0-20 mm, 21-40 mm, 41-60 mm, 61-80 mm, 81-100 mm, 101-120 mm, 121-140 mm, 141-160 mm, 161-180mm, and 181-200 mm. Fish: Fish data were collected using Stationary Point Count surveys at fixed sites. Pairs of divers record the number, size, and species of all fishes observed within visually estimated cylinders 15 meters (m) in diameter. At the start of a survey dive, a pair of divers first lay down a 30-m transect line along a predetermined depth contour, and then the two divers move to the 7.5- and 22.5-m marks on that line; these marks serve as the centers of two adjacent SPC cylinders. During the first 5 minutes of a survey, the divers create a list of the fish species observed in or passing through their cylinder. After the first 5 minutes, divers systematically proceed down their species lists, counting and estimating the size (total length, or TL) of each fish present to the nearest centimeter. Species seen after the 5 minutes or outside of the survey area are recorded as prese; Data Quality Method: The same methods of data collection are used at each surveyed site. Observations at each site were made by divers who have been trained, and met minimum standards in identifying species present at the survey locations and in estimating size of urchin and fish. All species identifications are made visually. Observations, including species identification and sizing, are periodically checked during expeditions for consistency between divers (diver bias) or other discrepancies. Data entry is usually conducted on the same day as the surveys using a data entry interface with several data controls employed, and are quality controlled by the divers using a two-person system. Following a mission, the data is then run through rigorous quality control checks by the data management team before the data are migrated to the Oracle database. Given the size of the data set, there remains some possibility of typographical or other errors. Parameter or Variable: SPECIES IDENTIFICATION (calculated); Units: unitless; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: photo-identification techniques; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Benthic data is collected from fixed-site SfM imagery. Imagery was collected at each site following NCRMP standard operating procedures (Rodriguez et al. 2021). The images were processed with Agisoft Metashape photogrammetry software to produce a scaled digital elevation model and corresponding orthomosaic for each site. Benthic data were extracted from these two high resolution reef models in ArcGIS Pro 3.0.3 using a customized tool that replicates in-water benthic data collection in the SfM environment (Barkley et al. 2025). Within each 12-m diameter SfM circular footprint, six 8-m to 10-m perpendicular transects (2 x 8 m, 2 x 9 m, and 2 x 10 m) were virtually drawn with 1.5-m spacing between transects (shorter transects closer to the edges, longer transects towards the center of the circle). Along each transect, the surface cover (cm) of every benthic component located directly beneath the transect was identified and measured. Data were collected on the following benthic components: hard coral (identified to genus/species and morphology), crustose coralline algae (CCA), macroalgae, turf, sand, carbonate hard substrate, non-carbonate hard substrate, or other (including cyanobacteria, soft coral, seagrass, sponges, zoanthids, corallimorphs, or other invertebrates).; Data Quality Method: Prior to generating the 3D dense point clouds and 2D orthomosaics , the JPEG imagery was evaluated for image quality and images deemed unsatisfactory (e.g. overexposed, images of blue water or images of divers, or images not taken perpendicular to the reef) were removed from the image set. During annotation in ArcGIS, the original JPEG imagery was viewed alongside the orthomosaic using the Viscore Image View feature to see fine scale colony details, observe colonies from multiple angles and locate colonies not visible in the orthomosaic. Annotations created in ArcGIS were quality controlled using a multi-stage process. Data were quality controlled in R with specific queries to identify and correct data entry errors (e.g. misspelled species names, missing morphologies, data in incorrect columns). Parameter or Variable: SPECIES IDENTIFICATION - ORGANISM LENGTH (calculated); Units: cm; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: photo-identification techniques; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Benthic data is collected from fixed-site SfM imagery. Imagery was collected at each site following NCRMP standard operating procedures (Rodriguez et al. 2021). The images were processed with Agisoft Metashape photogrammetry software to produce a scaled digital elevation model and corresponding orthomosaic for each site. Benthic data were extracted from these two high resolution reef models in ArcGIS Pro 3.0.3 using a customized tool that replicates in-water benthic data collection in the SfM environment (Barkley et al. 2025). Within each 12-m diameter SfM circular footprint, six 8-m to 10-m perpendicular transects (2 x 8 m, 2 x 9 m, and 2 x 10 m) were virtually drawn with 1.5-m spacing between transects (shorter transects closer to the edges, longer transects towards the center of the circle). Along each transect, the surface cover (cm) of every benthic component located directly beneath the transect was measured. Data were collected on the following benthic components: hard coral (identified to genus/species and morphology), crustose coralline algae (CCA), macroalgae, turf, sand, carbonate hard substrate, non-carbonate hard substrate, or other (including cyanobacteria, soft coral, seagrass, sponges, zoanthids, corallimorphs, or other invertebrates).; Data Quality Method: Prior to generating the 3D dense point clouds and 2D orthomosaics , the JPEG imagery was evaluated for image quality and images deemed unsatisfactory (e.g. overexposed, images of blue water or images of divers, or images not taken perpendicular to the reef) were removed from the image set. During annotation in ArcGIS, the original JPEG imagery was viewed alongside the orthomosaic using the Viscore Image View feature to see fine scale colony details, observe colonies from multiple angles and locate colonies not visible in the orthomosaic. Annotations created in ArcGIS were quality controlled using a multi-stage process. Data were quality controlled in R with specific queries to identify and correct data entry errors (e.g. misspelled species names, missing morphologies, data in incorrect columns). asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian photo-identification techniques photo-identification techniques A method of identifying species with persistent external patterns that can be used to identify unique individuals over the course of most of their adult life span. Examples include spots, anomalous pigmentation, and patterns on the trailing edges of marine mammal fins. https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/KeywordViewer/scheme/all/a9b6ed7f-2e26-4749-98f0-b3617451192b?gtm_keyword=Photo-Identification%20Techniques swimmer/diver swimmer/diver not an instrument - use as observation type visual observation visual observation not an instrument - maybe an observation type NOAA Ship Oscar Elton Sette Title: NOAA Ship Flag: United States of America Vessel Type: Research Vessel; Ice Strengthened DOB: Aug 1988 IMO: 8835097 Former Name: ADVENTUROUS (2003) http://www.moc.noaa.gov/os/index.html Submitted to ICES on 2013-12-18.