gov.noaa.nodc:0315404 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-06-30T18:14:29Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Larval fish count, size, age, and diet collected from the R/V LAURENTIAN in Lake Michigan in the Great Lakes Region from 2019-04-29 to 2019-08-01 (NCEI Accession 0315404) 2026-06-04 publication 2026-05-29 creation NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0315404 NCEI Archive Management System 0315404 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Lacey Mason NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) lacey.mason@noaa.gov http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/ HTTP NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) website Institution web page information resourceProvider NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/ HTTP NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) website Institution web page information resourceProvider NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) GLERL Data Manager oar.glerl.data@noaa.gov http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/ HTTP NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) website Institution web page information collaborator Rutherford, Edward S. NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/ HTTP NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) website Institution web page information author Tomczak, Madeline University of Michigan Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research https://ciglr.seas.umich.edu/ HTTPS University of Michigan Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research (CIGLR) website Institution web page information author Wells, David University of Michigan Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research https://ciglr.seas.umich.edu/ HTTPS University of Michigan Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research (CIGLR) website Institution web page information author Elliot, Jeff NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/ HTTP NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) website Institution web page information author Lugten, Eliza NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/ HTTP NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) website Institution web page information author NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/ HTTP NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) website Institution web page information author University of Michigan Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research https://ciglr.seas.umich.edu/ HTTPS University of Michigan Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research (CIGLR) website Institution web page information author NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/ HTTP NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This dataset reports estimates of larval fish counts, size and age as well as diet via inspection of stomach contents for samples collected in Lake Michigan in 2018 and 2019. The samples were collected from the R/V Laurentian using several different types of sampling including, Multiple Opening/Closing Net and Environmental Sensing System (MOCNESS), Neuston nets, Bongo nets, and Tucker trawl, sampling techniques are noted in the data tables for each sample. The data presented here are part of an on-going collection starting in Lake Michigan in 2010 and collected annually in conjunction with the Great Lakes Cooperative Science and Monitoring Initiative (CSMI) and the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) Spatial Studies program. Larval fish were sampled with near surface tows using three different methods identified in the dataset, including 1) using a Neuston net of size 2 m2 (505 𝜇m mesh); 2) using a paired Bongo sampler at depth by oblique tows (60-cm diam., with 333- and 505-𝜇m mesh); or 3) using a multiple opening/closing net and environmental sensing system (MOCNESS, with 1 m^2 opening and 505 𝜇m mesh nets. Replicate tows of the samplers were made for 5 minutes alongside or aft of the ship, then brought aboard ship and washed. Samples were immediately preserved in 95% ethanol, transported to the laboratory, and sorted. A CTD was used to find the thermocline to allow for sample specific temperature strata depths (i.e. epilimnion, metalimnion, hypolimnion). Descriptions of lab processing, aging, diet identification and other calculations are described in the Supplemental Information. The data here available for download are in .csv format. Data are contained in the sample (“*-sample-data.csv”), larval age (“*-age-data.csv”), and diet (“*-diet-data.csv”) tables can be joined by op_id and sample_id columns. Ancillary information is available in the station “*-station-locations.csv”, “*-data-dictionary.csv”, and “*-species-name.csv” tables. These data were collected to understand the early life stage of fish in the Great Lakes and identify recruitment bottlenecks. The specific purpose, location and funded projects varied by year, in 2019 the focus was on the Lake Michigan larval fish study. No data were collected in 2020. Funding Agency: Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) Funding Agency: NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0315404 Preview graphic PNG 0315404 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2026-05-06 publication Fish ICHTHYOPLANKTON IDENTITY ICHTHYOPLANKTON LENGTH SPECIES IDENTIFICATION - AGE SPECIES IDENTIFICATION - COUNT theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS microscope Multiple Opening/Closing Net and Environmental Sensing System (MOCNESS) net - plankton net Neuston net trawl instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS biological in situ theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS LAURENTIAN platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Great Lakes place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DOC/NOAA/OAR/GLERL > Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Cooperative Science and Monitoring Initiative (CSMI) GLERL Spatial Studies project Provider Project Names EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES > FISH EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > PROTISTS > PLANKTON theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian MICROSCOPES > MICROSCOPES MOCNESS > MOCNESS Plankton Net NEUSTON NET PLANKTON NETS TRAWL instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian nets instrument Provider Instruments LAURENTIAN (ICES code: 33LA) platform ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes CONTINENT > NORTH AMERICA > CANADA > GREAT LAKES, CANADA CONTINENT > NORTH AMERICA > UNITED STATES OF AMERICA > GREAT LAKES place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian CMW091 Send2NCEI Submission Package ID accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Rutherford, Edward S.; Tomczak, Madeline; Wells, David; Elliot, Jeff; Lugten, Eliza; NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory; University of Michigan Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research (2026). Larval fish count, size, age, and diet collected from the R/V LAURENTIAN in Lake Michigan in the Great Lakes Region from 2019-04-29 to 2019-08-01 (NCEI Accession 0315404). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0315404. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. license This dataset has been dedicated to the public domain under a Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication. SPDX License: Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (CC0-1.0) Auer, N.A. ed., 1982. Identification of larval fishes of the Great Lakes basin with emphasis on the Lake Michigan drainage (Vol. 82, No. 3). Great Lakes Fishery Commission 1982 publication https://pages.mtu.edu/~naauer/larvalfishid/ HTTPS https://pages.mtu.edu/~naauer/larvalfishid/ Special publication website information Auer, N.A. author Great Lakes Fishery Commission publisher documentDigital Special publication 82-3 [accessed 2026-05-30] crossReference project Essig, R. J., & Cole, C. F. (1986). Methods of Estimating Larval Fish Mortality from Daily Increments in Otoliths. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 115(1), 34–40. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1986)115%3C34:moelfm%3E2.0.co;2 1986-01 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1986)115%3C34:moelfm%3E2.0.co;2 https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1986)115%3C34:moelfm%3E2.0.co;2 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1986)115%3C34:moelfm%3E2.0.co;2 related journal article information Essig, Ronald J. author Cole, Charles F. author Oxford University Press (OUP) publisher documentDigital Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 115(1) ISSN 0002-8487, ISSN 1548-8659, pp. 34-40 crossReference ISERMANN, D. A., & WILLIS, D. W. (2008). Emergence of larval yellow perch, Perca flavescens, in South Dakota lakes: potential implications for recruitment. Fisheries Management and Ecology, 15(4), 259–271. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2400.2008.00610.x 2008-07-09 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2400.2008.00610.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2400.2008.00610.x HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2400.2008.00610.x related journal article information ISERMANN, D. A. author WILLIS, D. W. author Wiley publisher documentDigital Fisheries Management Eco 15(4) ISSN 0969-997X, ISSN 1365-2400, pp. 259-271 crossReference Kaemingk, M. A., Graeb, B. D. S., & Willis, D. W. (2014). Temperature, Hatch Date, and Prey Availability Influence Age‐0 Yellow Perch Growth and Survival. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 143(4), 845–855. https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2014.886622 2014-06-04 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2014.886622 https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2014.886622 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2014.886622 related journal article information Kaemingk, Mark A. Department of Natural Resource Management South Dakota State University Box 2140B Brookings USA South Dakota author Graeb, Brian D. S. Department of Natural Resource Management South Dakota State University Box 2140B Brookings USA South Dakota author Willis, David W. Department of Natural Resource Management South Dakota State University Box 2140B Brookings USA South Dakota author Oxford University Press (OUP) publisher documentDigital Trans Am Fish Soc 143(4) ISSN 0002-8487, ISSN 1548-8659, pp. 845-855 crossReference project Powles, P.M., and S.M. Warlen. 1988. Estimation of hatch periods for Yellow Perch, based on otolith readings from juveniles (age-0). Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 5:60–67. 1988 publication Powles, P.M. author S.M. Warlen author American Fisheries Society publisher documentDigital Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 5:60–67 crossReference project Quist, M. C., Isermann, D. A., & (Eds.). (2017). Age and Growth of Fishes: Principles and Techniques. https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874486 2017 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874486 https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874486 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874486 related resource information U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit University of Idaho 875 Perimeter Drive MS1141, Moscow, Idaho 83844, USA editor Quist, Michael C. editor Isermann, Daniel A. editor U.S. Geological Survey, Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research Unit University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point 800 Reserve Street, Stevens Point, Wisconsin 54481, USA editor American Fisheries Society publisher documentDigital ISBN 9781934874486 crossReference project Smith, Paul E., and S. Richardson. "Standard techniques for pelagic Fish Egg and Larva Surveys." FAO Fisheries Techniques Paper 175 (1977): 27-73. 1977 publication https://www.fisheries-refugia.org/resources/Larval_Fish_Identification/identification-fish-eggs-larvae/Techniques_Sampling_Fish_Eggs_and_Larvae.pdf HTTPS https://www.fisheries-refugia.org/resources/Larval_Fish_Identification/identification-fish-eggs-larvae/Techniques_Sampling_Fish_Eggs_and_Larvae.pdf Methods document information Smith, Paul E. author S. Richardson author Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations publisher documentDigital FAO Fisheries Techniques Paper 175 27-73 crossReference project Rice, J. A., Crowder, L. B., & Binkowski, F. P. (1985). Evaluating Otolith Analysis for Bloater Coregonus hoyi: Do Otoliths Ring True? Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 114(4), 532–539. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1985)114%3C532:eoafbc%3E2.0.co;2 1985-07 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1985)114%3C532:eoafbc%3E2.0.co;2 https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1985)114%3C532:eoafbc%3E2.0.co;2 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1985)114%3C532:eoafbc%3E2.0.co;2 reference information Rice, James A. author Crowder, Larry B. author Binkowski, Fred P. author Oxford University Press (OUP) publisher documentDigital Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 114(4) ISSN 0002-8487, ISSN 1548-8659, pp. 532-539 crossReference project Guigand, C. M., Cowen, R. K., Llopiz, J. K., & Richardson, D. E. (2005). A Coupled Asymmetrical Multiple Opening Closing Net with Environmental Sampling System. Marine Technology Society Journal, 39(2), 22–24. https://doi.org/10.4031/002533205787444042 2005-06-01 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.4031/002533205787444042 https://doi.org/10.4031/002533205787444042 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.4031/002533205787444042 related journal article information Guigand, Cedric M. author Cowen, Robert K. author Llopiz, Joel K. author Richardson, David E. author Marine Technology Society publisher documentDigital mar technol soc j 39(2) ISSN 0025-3324, pp. 22-24 crossReference project eng; USA utf8 environment oceans biota -86.6 -86.3 43.1 43.2 2019-04-29 2019-08-01 Additional information about data collection methods and count are described below. To find the thermal bar in the spring of 2018 and 2019, a CTD was cast and the Plankton Survey System was towed to find changes in temperature and which depths to sample. The following methods were used for lab processing of otoliths and diet. Larval fish were dissected to remove the sagittal otoliths (Quist and Isermann, 2017) to estimate daily rings and individual growth. The sagittal otoliths were mounted on glass microscope slides with super glue using a dissecting scope, then left to dry. We recorded an estimate of age by identifying daily growth increments under a compound microscope. The length of the otolith and area of the otolith were also recorded. The gut track was removed to note the presence or absence of diet items, and then identify and measure diet items. Larval fish diets were noted for presence (1) or absence (0). If diet items were present, items were identified to taxonomic species groups if possible, and counted if they met the counting criteria. If the diet item was whole, we measured the total length. Specific larval fish species are aged by counting the rings on the otolith and adding the hatch factor. The following hatch factors are used: alewife +2 days (Essig and Cole 1986); yellow perch +2 days (Powles and Warlen 1988 recommend 1-3 days; Isermann and Willis 2008 recommend 1 day; Kaemingk et al. 2014 recommend 1 day); and bloater +3 days (Rice et al. 1985). To calculate the volume filtered through the nets we follow the Smith and Richardson (1977) methods, which are the following: Distance = (FlowEnd - FlowStart * 26873) / 999999 For Bongo nets: Volume Filtered = ((PI() * 0.6 * 0.6) / 4) * Distance For Neuston nets: Volume Filtered = Distance * 2 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Originator data format 0.756 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0315404 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/315404 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/315404 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0245/0315404/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0315404 v1.1 was published. 2026-06-04T19:05:40Z NCEI Accession 0315404 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0315404/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0315404 v1.1 published 2026-06-04T19:05:40Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: SPECIES IDENTIFICATION - COUNT (measured); Units: no. per sample; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: nets; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Larval fish were sampled with near surface tows using three different methods identified in the dataset, including 1) using a Neuston net of size 2 m2 (505 𝜇m mesh); 2) using a paired Bongo sampler at depth by oblique tows (60-cm diam., with 333- and 505-𝜇m mesh); or 3) using a multiple opening/closing net and environmental sensing system (MOCNESS, with 1 m^2 opening and 505 𝜇m mesh nets. Replicate tows of the samplers were made for 5 minutes alongside or aft of the ship, then brought aboard ship and washed. Samples were immediately preserved in 95% ethanol, transported to the laboratory, and sorted.; Data Quality Method: 10% quality control counts by second lab technician. Parameter or Variable: SPECIES IDENTIFICATION - AGE (measured); Units: days; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: nets; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Larval fish were sampled with near surface tows using three different methods identified in the dataset, including 1) using a Neuston net of size 2 m2 (505 𝜇m mesh); 2) using a paired Bongo sampler at depth by oblique tows (60-cm diam., with 333- and 505-𝜇m mesh); or 3) using a multiple opening/closing net and environmental sensing system (MOCNESS, with 1 m^2 opening and 505 𝜇m mesh nets. Replicate tows of the samplers were made for 5 minutes alongside or aft of the ship, then brought aboard ship and washed. Samples were immediately preserved in 95% ethanol, transported to the laboratory, and sorted.; Data Quality Method: 10% quality control counts by second lab technician. asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian microscope microscope instrument is used in lab analyses A microscope is an instrument used to see objects that are too small for the naked eye. Multiple Opening/Closing Net and Environmental Sensing System (MOCNESS) Multiple Opening/Closing Net and Environmental Sensing System (MOCNESS) MOCNESS is a much-improved, high-tech version of the humble sampling net. The letters in MOCNESS refer to the specific improvements: it's a Multiple Opening and Closing Net, with an Environmental Sensing System. As MOCNESS tows behind a research ship, each net can be opened and shut independently so that it samples a discrete patch of water. The researcher chooses exactly when by using the environmental sensing system. This is an array of sensors mounted on the instrument frame that relays water conditions up to the ship in real time. The data also help researchers match what they find in their sample to the physical properties of the seawater. net - plankton net net - plankton net net - plankton net Neuston net Neuston net Neuston net is a net designed to sample plankton or microplastics located in the first few centimeters of the water column. cf. net - plankton net (insttypes_id 31) trawl trawl A fishing net that is dragged behind a boat. A wide range of demersal (bottom) or pelagic (mid-water) species of fish are taken by this fishing method which entails one or a pair of vessels towing a large bag-shaped net either along the seafloor or in mid-water. LAURENTIAN LAURENTIAN