gov.noaa.nodc:SAR-Winds-Sentinel1 eng utf8 series NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-05-24T17:21:54Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA high resolution sea surface winds data from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) on the Sentinel-1 satellites 2016-11-16 publication 2026-05-06 revision 2016-11-02 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.7289/v54q7s2n NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:SAR-Winds-Sentinel1 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher John F. Sapper NOAA Office of Satellite and Product Operations (OSPO) john.sapper@noaa.gov https://ospo.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Office of Satellite and Product Operations (OSPO) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Hongming Qi NOAA Office of Satellite and Product Operations (OSPO) hongming.qi@noaa.gov https://ospo.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Office of Satellite and Product Operations (OSPO) website Institution web page information resourceProvider NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) website Institution web page information resourceProvider NOAA Office of Satellite and Product Operations (OSPO) https://ospo.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Office of Satellite and Product Operations (OSPO) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Monaldo, Francis M. NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) website Institution web page information author Jackson, Christopher R. NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) website Institution web page information author Li, Xiaofeng NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) website Institution web page information author Pichel, William G. NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) website Institution web page information author Sapper, John NOAA/NESDIS Office of Satellite and Product Operations john.sapper@noaa.gov https://ospo.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Office of Satellite and Product Operations (OSPO) website Institution web page information author Hatteberg, Rachel NOAA/NESDIS Office of Satellite and Product Operations https://ospo.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Office of Satellite and Product Operations (OSPO) website Institution web page information author Hongming Qi NOAA Office of Satellite and Product Operations (OSPO) Product Area Leader Oceanographic Products hongming.qi@noaa.gov https://ospo.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Office of Satellite and Product Operations (OSPO) website Institution web page information pointOfContact Francis Monaldo NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) frank.monaldo@noaa.gov https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) website Institution web page information pointOfContact NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) website Institution web page information contributor European Space Agency (ESA) https://www.esa.int/ HTTPS European Space Agency (ESA) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This dataset consists of high resolution sea surface winds data produced from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) on board Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-1B satellites. The basic archive file is a netCDF-4 file containing SAR wind, land mask, and time and earth location information. Also included are maps of the SAR winds in GeoTIFF format. The product covers the geographic extent of the SAR image frame from which it was derived. These SAR-derived high resolution wind products are calculated from high resolution SAR images of normalized radar cross section (NRCS) of the Earth's surface. Backscattered microwave radar returns from the ocean surface are strongly dependent on wind speed and direction. When no wind is present, the surface of the water is smooth, almost glass-like. Radar energy will largely be reflected away and the radar cross section will be low. As the wind begins to blow, the surface roughens and surface waves begin to develop. As the wind continues to blow more strongly, the amplitude of the wave increases, thus, roughening the surface more. As the surface roughness increases, more energy is backscattered and NRCS increases. Moreover, careful examination of the wind-generated waves reveals that these surface wave crests are generally aligned perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction, suggesting a dependence of backscatter on the relative direction between the incident radar energy and the wind direction. This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis. onGoing historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact monthly https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:SAR-Winds-Sentinel1 Preview graphic PNG 0156881 0156985 0157134 0159177 0159848 0161522 0162261 0162499 0163178 0163983 0164668 0165989 0167149 0167866 0168901 0169631 0170449 0171016 0172103 0173105 0173586 0174336 0175108 0175940 0176624 0177940 0182312 0184016 0184702 0186007 0187373 0188475 0189659 0191234 0194297 0201786 0204307 0206526 0207826 0209037 0209043 0209180 0209622 0210083 0210710 0211081 0216082 0219921 0220413 0221677 0222758 0224019 0225450 0226212 0228137 0232195 0235460 0238733 0239874 0240898 0241616 0242742 0243872 0244865 0247248 0249175 0251168 0253297 0253696 0255239 0257472 0259443 0262924 0268543 0275962 0276235 0276531 0276924 0277489 0277964 0278966 0279816 0281356 0282456 0283757 0290544 0292415 0292483 0292484 0293571 0293572 0293643 0293644 0294749 0295991 0297054 0298747 0298748 0299670 0300459 0301579 0302298 0303221 0304066 0304905 0305949 0306895 0307746 0309284 0309285 0310467 0311403 0312288 0313074 0313957 0314738 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2026-05-01 publication WIND SPEED theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS SAR instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS satellite data theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS SENTINEL-1A SENTINEL-1B platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS European Space Agency NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research NOAA Office of Satellite and Product Operations dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Arctic Ocean Bay of Fundy Beaufort Sea Bering Sea Bering Sea - Norton Sound Caribbean Sea Chesapeake Bay Chukchi Sea Coastal Waters of Florida Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia Delaware Bay Great Lakes Gulf of Alaska Gulf of Maine Gulf of Mexico Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary North Atlantic Ocean North Pacific Ocean Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/OSPO > Office of Satellite and Product Operations, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/STAR > Center for Satellite Applications and Research, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > SURFACE WINDS > WIND SPEED theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Pixel Level Quality Flags latitude longitude time wind_speed theme NetCDF Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata Convention Standard Names SAR > Synthetic Aperture Radar instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Sentinel-1A > Sentinel-1A Sentinel-1B > Sentinel-1B platform Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian CONTINENT > NORTH AMERICA > CANADA > GREAT LAKES, CANADA CONTINENT > NORTH AMERICA > UNITED STATES OF AMERICA > GREAT LAKES OCEAN > ARCTIC OCEAN OCEAN > ARCTIC OCEAN > BEAUFORT SEA OCEAN > ARCTIC OCEAN > CHUKCHI SEA OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > BAY OF FUNDY OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > CARIBBEAN SEA OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > GULF OF AMERICA OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > GULF OF MAINE OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > GULF OF MEXICO OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > HAWAIIAN ISLANDS OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN > BERING SEA OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN > GULF OF ALASKA place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Monaldo, Francis M.; Jackson, Christopher R.; Li, Xiaofeng; Pichel, William G.; Sapper, John; Hatteberg, Rachel (2016). NOAA high resolution sea surface winds data from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) on the Sentinel-1 satellites. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.7289/v54q7s2n. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Monaldo, F., Jackson, C., Pichel, W., & Li, X. (2015). A Weather Eye on Coastal Winds. Eos, 96. https://doi.org/10.1029/2015eo034581 2015-09-01 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1029/2015eo034581 https://doi.org/10.1029/2015eo034581 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1029/2015eo034581 Journal article information Monaldo, F. author Jackson, C. author Pichel, W. author Li, X. author American Geophysical Union (AGU) publisher documentDigital Eos 96 ISSN 2324-9250 crossReference sciencePaper Monaldo, F., Jackson, C., Pichel, W., & Li, X. (2015). Early validation of operational SAR wind retrievals from Sentinel-1A. 2015 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 1223–1226. https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2015.7325993 2015-07 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2015.7325993 https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2015.7325993 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2015.7325993 Journal article information Monaldo, Francis author Jackson, Christopher author Pichel, William author Li, Xiaofeng author IEEE publisher documentDigital 2015 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) pp. 1223-1226 crossReference sciencePaper Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document For Retrieval of Winds from Synthetic Aperture Radar 2012-04-02 publication Frank Monaldo author National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) https://www.noaa.gov/ HTTPS National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) website Institution web page information publisher documentHardcopy crossReference sciencePaper Encoding CoastWatch Satellite Data in NetCDF using the CF Metadata Conventions 2010-03-01 publication http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/software/cw_cdat/cwf_3_3_0_b54/cw_cf_metadata.pdf HTTP cw_cf_metadata This document is intended to be used by CoastWatch data providers to create NetCDF datasets that conform to the Climate Forecast (CF) 1.4 metadata specifications and contain equivalent information to CoastWatch HDF datasets. This document only gives a brief description of the attributes for reference. The CF-1.4 documentation, COARDS 1.0 (upon which CF is based) and NetCDF User's Guide should be consulted for the complete description, rules, and usage of each attribute. information Peter Hollemans author NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) website Institution web page information publisher documentDigital crossReference sciencePaper Pichel, W. G., Monaldo, F. M., Jackson, C., Li, X., & Sapper, J. (2015). NOAA operational SAR winds — Current status and plans for Sentinel-1A. 2015 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 4916–4919. https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2015.7326934 2015-07 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2015.7326934 https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2015.7326934 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2015.7326934 Journal article information Pichel, William G. author Monaldo, Frank M. author Jackson, Christopher author Li, Xiaofeng author Sapper, John author IEEE publisher documentDigital 2015 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) pp. 4916-4919 crossReference sciencePaper Qi, Hongming; NOAA Office of Satellite and Product Operations (2024). Documentation for NOAA Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) High Resolution Coastal Winds products (NCEI Accession 0289529). https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0289529. In Helfrich, Sean; Monaldo, Francis M.; Jackson, Christopher R.; Ruff, Tyler; Qi, Hongming; Wardak, Edrees (2024). NOAA high resolution sea surface winds data from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) on the RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM) satellites. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/SAR-Winds-RCM. 2024-03-16 publication NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0289529 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0289529 HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0289529 Product documentation information Qi, Hongming NOAA Office of Satellite and Product Operations (OSPO) hongming.qi@noaa.gov https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/about/our-offices/office-of-common-services HTTPS NOAA/NESDIS Office of Common Services (OCS) website Institution web page information author NOAA Office of Satellite and Product Operations https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/about/our-offices/office-of-common-services HTTPS NOAA/NESDIS Office of Common Services (OCS) website Institution web page information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital crossReference eng; USA utf8 environment oceans climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere -180 -16 -90 90 2016-09-01 Individual SAR images with wind data at a resolution of 0.5 km processed by OSPO are obtained for the US Coastal Waters - including Alaska and Hawaii (and the Great Lakes). Some coverage has been obtained over the Arctic Ocean North West of Greenland. SAR products support the following mission/projects: Weather and Water, Ecosystems, Commerce and Transportation, hazard monitoring and response, CoastWatch, the National Ice Center, the Office of Response and Restoration Emergency Response Division, and other NOAA offices. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. netCDF netCDF-3 NCEI_NETCDF_Grid_Template_v1.1, CF-1.6, Unidata Dataset Discovery v1.0 netCDF netCDF-4 classic model NCEI_NETCDF_Grid_Template_v1.1, ACDD-1.3, CF-1.5 GeoTIFF 2087817.82 https://doi.org/10.7289/v54q7s2n HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/metadata/granule/geoportal/?from=0&size=10&esdsl=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22bool%22%3A%7B%22must%22%3A%5B%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22analyze_wildcard%22%3Atrue%2C%22query%22%3A%22fileid%3ASAR-Winds-Sentinel1.*%22%7D%7D%5D%7D%7D%7D#searchPanel HTTPS Web browser Granule Search Search for data granules belonging to this collection (a granule is the smallest aggregation of data that can be independently described and retrieved). search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/thredds-ocean/catalog/sar-winds/sentinel1/catalog.html THREDDS Web browsers can browse THREDDS Data Servers and specialized THREDDS software can enable more sophisticated data access and visualizations. THREDDS These data are available through a variety of services via a THREDDS (Thematic Real-time Environmental Distributed Data Services) Data Server (TDS). Depending on the dataset, the TDS can provide WMS, WCS, DAP, HTTP, and other data access and metadata services as well. For more information on the TDS, see http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/thredds/current/tds/. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/sar-winds/sentinel1/ HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data.nodc/sar-winds/sentinel1/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download series NCEI Accession 0156881 v1.1 was published. 2016-11-16T18:05:17Z NCEI Accession 0156985 v1.1 was published. 2016-11-17T13:56:42Z NCEI Accession 0157134 v1.1 was published. 2016-12-06T12:19:17Z NCEI Accession 0159177 v1.1 was published. 2017-01-18T15:47:34Z NCEI Accession 0159848 v1.1 was published. 2017-02-06T12:35:15Z NCEI Accession 0161522 v1.1 was published. 2017-03-06T12:49:57Z NCEI Accession 0162261 v1.1 was published. 2017-04-05T13:33:57Z NCEI Accession 0162499 v1.1 was published. 2017-05-05T13:10:39Z NCEI Accession 0163178 v1.1 was published. 2017-06-05T13:02:40Z NCEI Accession 0163983 v1.1 was published. 2017-07-05T12:57:11Z NCEI Accession 0164668 v1.1 was published. 2017-08-07T12:58:28Z NCEI Accession 0165989 v1.1 was published. 2017-09-05T12:53:33Z NCEI Accession 0167149 v1.1 was published. 2017-10-05T12:51:01Z NCEI Accession 0167866 v1.1 was published. 2017-11-05T12:53:05Z NCEI Accession 0168901 v1.1 was published. 2017-12-05T15:16:32Z NCEI Accession 0169631 v1.1 was published. 2018-01-05T12:54:48Z NCEI Accession 0170449 v1.1 was published. 2018-02-05T12:52:54Z NCEI Accession 0171016 v1.1 was published. 2018-03-05T12:55:58Z NCEI Accession 0172103 v1.1 was published. 2018-04-05T15:46:50Z NCEI Accession 0162499 was revised and v2.2 was published. 2018-04-30T01:59:35Z NCEI Accession 0173105 v1.1 was published. 2018-05-06T13:11:28Z NCEI Accession 0173586 v1.1 was published. 2018-06-05T13:41:16Z NCEI Accession 0174336 v1.1 was published. 2018-07-05T13:39:05Z NCEI Accession 0175108 v1.1 was published. 2018-08-05T13:19:19Z NCEI Accession 0175940 v1.1 was published. 2018-09-06T13:06:53Z NCEI Accession 0176624 v1.1 was published. 2018-10-05T13:28:27Z NCEI Accession 0177940 v1.1 was published. 2018-11-05T14:28:02Z NCEI Accession 0182312 v1.1 was published. 2018-12-05T19:08:25Z NCEI Accession 0184016 v1.1 was published. 2019-01-05T14:26:47Z 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Accession 0209180 v1.1 was published. 2020-03-05T16:36:58Z NCEI Accession 0209622 v1.1 was published. 2020-04-05T16:37:13Z NCEI Accession 0209622 was revised and v2.2 was published. 2020-04-09T03:51:49Z NCEI Accession 0210083 v1.1 was published. 2020-05-05T22:18:47Z NCEI Accession 0210710 v1.1 was published. 2020-06-05T14:54:27Z NCEI Accession 0211081 v1.1 was published. 2020-07-05T17:55:29Z NCEI Accession 0216082 v1.1 was published. 2020-08-05T13:54:12Z NCEI Accession 0216082 was revised and v2.2 was published. 2020-08-21T02:10:18Z NCEI Accession 0219921 v1.1 was published. 2020-09-05T16:47:55Z NCEI Accession 0220413 v1.1 was published. 2020-10-05T17:28:47Z NCEI Accession 0221677 v1.1 was published. 2020-11-05T22:13:20Z NCEI Accession 0222758 v1.1 was published. 2020-12-05T17:14:37Z NCEI Accession 0224019 v1.1 was published. 2021-01-05T12:34:31Z NCEI Accession 0225450 v1.1 was published. 2021-02-05T18:40:45Z NCEI Accession 0226212 v1.1 was published. 2021-03-05T17:06:28Z NCEI Accession 0228137 v1.1 was published. 2021-04-05T14:47:30Z NCEI Accession 0232195 v1.1 was published. 2021-05-05T14:28:24Z NCEI Accession 0235460 v1.1 was published. 2021-06-05T14:06:12Z NCEI Accession 0238733 v1.1 was published. 2021-07-05T16:59:55Z NCEI Accession 0239874 v1.1 was published. 2021-08-05T13:54:07Z NCEI Accession 0240898 v1.1 was published. 2021-09-05T14:28:57Z NCEI Accession 0241616 v1.1 was published. 2021-10-05T16:27:47Z NCEI Accession 0242742 v1.1 was published. 2021-11-05T12:50:50Z NCEI Accession 0243872 v1.1 was published. 2021-12-05T13:34:23Z NCEI Accession 0244865 v1.1 was published. 2022-01-05T14:36:05Z NCEI Accession 0242742 was revised and v2.2 was published. 2022-02-01T19:55:27Z NCEI Accession 0243872 was revised and v2.2 was published. 2022-02-04T23:22:08Z NCEI Accession 0247248 v1.1 was published. 2022-02-05T13:49:54Z NCEI Accession 0249175 v1.1 was published. 2022-03-05T13:17:49Z NCEI Accession 0251168 v1.1 was published. 2022-04-06T13:48:14Z NCEI Accession 0253297 v1.1 was published. 2022-05-05T14:30:31Z NCEI Accession 0253696 v1.1 was published. 2022-06-06T13:19:49Z NCEI Accession 0255239 v1.1 was published. 2022-07-05T13:04:33Z NCEI Accession 0257472 v1.1 was published. 2022-08-05T13:10:30Z NCEI Accession 0259443 v1.1 was published. 2022-09-06T23:12:36Z NCEI Accession 0262924 v1.1 was published. 2022-10-06T20:11:25Z NCEI Accession 0268543 v1.1 was published. 2022-11-05T23:57:49Z NCEI Accession 0275962 v1.1 was published. 2022-12-05T14:49:11Z NCEI Accession 0276235 v1.1 was published. 2023-01-05T14:02:22Z NCEI Accession 0276531 v1.1 was published. 2023-02-06T03:28:06Z NCEI Accession 0276924 v1.1 was published. 2023-03-05T13:40:20Z NCEI Accession 0277489 v1.1 was published. 2023-04-05T13:51:45Z NCEI Accession 0277964 v1.1 was published. 2023-05-06T13:49:27Z NCEI Accession 0278966 v1.1 was published. 2023-06-05T13:26:03Z NCEI Accession 0279816 v1.1 was published. 2023-07-05T13:20:00Z NCEI Accession 0281356 v1.1 was published. 2023-08-06T13:59:00Z NCEI Accession 0282456 v1.1 was published. 2023-09-05T16:26:00Z NCEI Accession 0283757 v1.1 was published. 2023-10-06T14:34:26Z NCEI Accession 0290544 v1.1 was published. 2024-03-27T22:36:03Z NCEI Accession 0292415 v1.1 was published. 2024-05-06T17:55:01Z NCEI Accession 0292483 v1.1 was published. 2024-05-07T14:25:57Z NCEI Accession 0292484 v1.1 was published. 2024-05-07T15:11:11Z NCEI Accession 0293571 v1.1 was published. 2024-06-06T18:16:05Z NCEI Accession 0293572 v1.1 was published. 2024-06-06T19:36:38Z NCEI Accession 0293643 v1.1 was published. 2024-06-07T16:21:23Z NCEI Accession 0293644 v1.1 was published. 2024-06-07T17:07:16Z NCEI Accession 0294749 v1.1 was published. 2024-07-06T13:02:15Z NCEI Accession 0295991 v1.1 was published. 2024-08-06T13:45:26Z NCEI Accession 0297054 v1.1 was published. 2024-09-06T13:47:54Z NCEI Accession 0298747 v1.1 was published. 2024-11-07T12:46:45Z NCEI Accession 0298748 v1.1 was published. 2024-11-07T13:05:46Z NCEI Accession 0299670 v1.1 was published. 2024-12-06T13:08:23Z NCEI Accession 0298747 was revised and v2.2 was published. 2024-12-26T22:22:44Z NCEI Accession 0300459 v1.1 was published. 2025-01-06T13:00:10Z NCEI Accession 0301579 v1.1 was published. 2025-02-06T13:13:30Z NCEI Accession 0302298 v1.1 was published. 2025-03-06T12:45:46Z NCEI Accession 0303221 v1.1 was published. 2025-04-05T15:11:25Z NCEI Accession 0304066 v1.1 was published. 2025-05-06T13:00:23Z NCEI Accession 0304905 v1.1 was published. 2025-06-06T12:51:54Z NCEI Accession 0305949 v1.1 was published. 2025-07-06T12:46:45Z NCEI Accession 0306895 v1.1 was published. 2025-08-06T12:45:45Z NCEI Accession 0303221 was revised and v2.2 was published. 2025-08-07T12:41:59Z NCEI Accession 0307746 v1.1 was published. 2025-09-07T13:08:29Z NCEI Accession 0309284 v1.1 was published. 2025-11-06T20:04:09Z NCEI Accession 0309285 v1.1 was published. 2025-11-06T20:53:50Z NCEI Accession 0310467 v1.1 was published. 2025-12-06T17:30:22Z NCEI Accession 0311403 v1.1 was published. 2026-01-06T13:31:14Z NCEI Accession 0312288 v1.1 was published. 2026-02-06T13:21:51Z NCEI Accession 0313074 v1.1 was published. 2026-03-06T13:20:48Z NCEI Accession 0313957 v1.1 was published. 2026-04-06T13:22:02Z NCEI Accession 0314738 v1.1 was published. 2026-05-06T13:27:50Z asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian SAR SAR Synthetic Aperture Radar Synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) is a form of radar which is used to create images of an object, such as a landscape – these images can be 2D or 3D representations of the object. SAR uses the motion of the SAR antenna over a target region to provide finer spatial resolution than is possible with conventional beam-scanning radars. The distance the SAR device travels over a target creates a large "synthetic" antenna aperture (the "size" of the antenna). As a rule of thumb one can assume that the larger the aperture is, the higher the image resolution becomes, regardless whether physical aperture or synthetic aperture – this allows SAR to create high resolution images with comparatively small physical antennas.Many satellites have SAR imagery capabilities using different microwave bands (L,C,S,X etc.). Additional Information: http://www.radartutorial.eu/20.airborne/ab07.en.html http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/SAR_missions GCMD Instrument Keyword - "Earth Remote Sensing Instruments","Active Remote Sensing","Imaging Radars","","SAR","Synthetic Aperture Radar" SENTINEL-1A Country: European Union EU 3166-2:EU** Platform Class: 65-Orbiting satellite Operations/Responsible organization: European Space Agency (ESA) Previous Name: N/A Launched Date: 3 April 2014 Commissioned Date: 7 April 2014 Decommissioned Date: April 2021 (7 years of mission) Size: 2.8 m long, 2.5 m wide, 4 m high with 2×10 m-long solar arrays and a 12 m-long radar antenna Mass: 2300 kg (including 130 kg fuel) Instrument: C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) at 5.405 GHz NOTES: Sentinel-1, carries an advanced radar instrument to provide an all-weather, day-and-night supply of imagery of Earth’s surface. This C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) builds on ESA’s and Canada’s heritage SAR systems on ERS-1, ERS-2, Envisat and Radarsat. Sentinel-1A is a European radar imaging satellite launched in April 2014. It is the first Sentinel 1 satellite launched as part of the European Union's Copernicus programme. The satellite carries a C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar which will provide images in all light and weather conditions. It will track many aspects of our environment, from detecting and tracking oil spills and mapping sea ice to monitoring movement in land surfaces and mapping changes in the way land is used. The radar operates in two main modes: Interferometric Wide swath and Wave. Interferometric Wide swath mode, the default mode over land, has a swath width of 250 km and a ground resolution of 5 x 20 m. Wave mode acquisitions – which can help to determine the direction, wavelength and heights of waves on the open oceans – are 20 x 20 km, acquired alternately on two different incidence angles every 100 km. GCMD keywords: "Earth Observation Satellites","Sentinel GMES","SENTINEL-1A","","c7279e54-f7c1-4ee7-a957-719d6021a3f6" Info Sources: 1. http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinel-1/Facts_and_figures 2. https://sentinel.esa.int/web/sentinel/missions/sentinel-1/data-distribution-policy/operations-ramp-up-phase 3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentinel-1A 4. http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinel-1/Instrument **(Reserved on request of ISO 4217/MA for the European monetary unit Euro Extended for ISO 6166 "Securities – International securities identification numbering system (ISIN)" in March 1998 Extended for any application needing to represent the name European Union in August 1999; source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2) SENTINEL-1B Platform Class: 65-Orbiting satellite Operations/Responsible organization: European Space Agency (ESA) Previous Name: N/A Launched Date: 25 April 2016 Commissioned Date: 16 September 2016 Operational lifespan till: ≥2023 (Minimum 7 years of mission life) Size: 2.8 m long, 2.5 m wide, 4 m high with 2×10 m-long solar arrays and a 12 m-long radar antenna Mass: 2300 kg (including 130 kg fuel) Instrument: C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) at 5.405 GHz NOTES: Sentinel-1 represents a series of satellites each carrying an advanced radar instrument to provide an all-weather, day-and-night supply of imagery of Earth’s surface. This C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) builds on ESA’s and Canada’s heritage SAR systems on ERS-1, ERS-2, Envisat and Radarsat. Sentinel-1B is a European radar imaging satellite launched in April 2016. It is the second Sentinel-1 satellite launched as part of the European Union's Copernicus program. Sentinel-1B joins its identical twin, Sentinel-1A, in orbit to deliver information for numerous services, from monitoring ice in polar seas to tracking land subsidence, and for responding to disasters such as floods. Sentinel -1 imagery can be used to track many aspects of our environment, from estimating ocean surface wind speed, to detecting and tracking oil spills and mapping sea ice to monitoring movement in land surfaces and mapping changes in land use. The radar operates in two main modes: Interferometric Wide Swath and Extended Wide Swath. Interferometric Wide Swath mode, the default mode over land, has a swath width of 240 km and a ground sampling of 10 x 10 m . While the Extend Wide Swath mode has 25 x 25 m sampling with a swath with of 400 km. GCMD keywords: "Earth Observation Satellites","Sentinel GMES","SENTINEL-1B","","9940dbad-1a9a-4858-a0e8-af35b21277e2" Info Sources: 1. http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinel-1/Facts_and_figures 2. https://sentinels.copernicus.eu/web/sentinel/missions/sentinel-1/data-distribution-policy/operations-ramp-up-phase 3. https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/397 4. https://earth.esa.int/web/guest/missions/esa-operational-eo-missions/sentinel-1 5. http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinel-1/Instrument 6. https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/instruments/view/450 7. https://scihub.copernicus.eu/ **(Reserved on request of ISO 4217/MA for the European monetary unit Euro Extended for ISO 6166 "Securities – International securities identification numbering system (ISIN)" in March 1998 Extended for any application needing to represent the name European Union in August 1999; source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2)