noaa-recon-6323 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2025-07-10 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Zhang et al. 2004 Alternative Method United States Summer PDSI Reconstructions 2004-07-01 publication doi:10.25921/9hk6-5q30 noaa-recon-6323 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Zhang, Z. originator Zhang, Z. author Mann, M.E. originator Mann, M.E. author Cook, E.R. originator Cook, E.R. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Climate Reconstruction. The data include parameters of climate reconstructions|tree ring with a geographic location of United States Of America. The time period coverage is from 250 to -28 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Records of past temperature, precipitation, and other climate variables derived from paleoclimate proxies. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this data set. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the data set citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-recon.png Paleoclimatology - Climate Reconstruction PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Paleoclimate Reconstructions theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > reconstructions theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Palmer Drought Index Reconstruction theme What: Palmer Drought Severity Index; Material: null What: longitude; Material: null What: Palmer Drought Severity Index; Material: null What: latitude; Material: null What: sample identification; Material: null What: Palmer Drought Severity Index; Material: null What: Palmer Drought Severity Index; Material: null What: age; Material: null What: Palmer Drought Severity Index; Material: null What: Palmer Drought Severity Index; Material: null What: Palmer Drought Severity Index; Material: null What: Palmer Drought Severity Index; Material: null What: Palmer Drought Severity Index; Material: null What: Palmer Drought Severity Index; Material: null theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Continent > North America > United States Of America > Coterminous United States > LATITUDE > LONGITUDE place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Zhang, Z.; Mann, M.E.; Cook, E.R. (2004-07-01): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Zhang et al. 2004 Alternative Method United States Summer PDSI Reconstructions. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/9hk6-5q30. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. Alternative methods of proxy-based climate field reconstruction: application to summer drought over the conterminous United States back to AD 1700 from tree-ring data 2004 publication Zhang, Z., M.E. Mann, and E.R. Cook author The Holocene publisher https://doi.org/10.1191/0959683604hl727rp HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 2004 Zhang, Z., M.E. Mann, and E.R. Cook, 2004: Alternative methods of proxy-based climate field reconstruction: application to summer drought over the conterminous United States back to AD 1700 from tree-ring data. The Holocene, 14, 502-516, 10.1191/0959683604hl727rp information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 1700 CE to 1978 CE; Date Range: 250 cal yr BP to -28 cal yr BP; -124 -68 27 49 1700 1978 STUDY NOTES: Alternative Method United States Summer PDSI Reconstructions as described by Zhang et al. 2004. PDSI reconstructions for 155 gridpoints, plus seven regional and one "global" nationwide series. Values for 1700 - 1894 are reconstructed. Data for 1895 to 1978 are instrumental data from Cook et al 1999: https://doi.org/10.25921/rdh0-2h04 (NOAA Study ID 6389). ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: We describe an alternative method of climate field reconstruction and test it against an existing set of dendroclimatic reconstructions of summer drought patterns over the conterminous US back to AD 1700. The new reconstructions are based on a set of 483 drought-sensitive tree-ring chronologies available across the continental US. In contrast with the‘point-by-point’ (PPR) local regression technique used previously, the tree-ring data were calibrated against the instrumental record of summer drought (June-August Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI)) based on application of the‘Regularized Expectation Maximization’ (‘RegEM’) algorithm to relate large-scale patterns of variation in proxy and instrumental data over a common (twentieth century) interval. A screening procedure was first used to select an optimal subset of candidate tree-ring drought predictors, and the predictors (tree-ring data) and predictand (instrumental PDSI) were prewhitened prior to calibration, with serial correlation added back into the reconstruction at the end of the procedure. The PDSl field was separated into eight relatively homogenous regions of summer drought through a cluster analysis, and three distinct calibration schemes were investigated: (i)‘global’ (i.e., entire conterminous US domain) proxy data calibrated against‘global’ PDSI; (ii) regional proxy data calibrated against regional PDSI; and (iii) global proxy data calibrated against regional PDSI. The greatest cross-validated skill was evident for case (iii), suggesting the existence of useful non-local information in the tree-ring predictor set. Cross-validation results based on withheld late nineteenth/early twentieth-century instrumental data, as well as a regionally limited extension of cross-validation results back to the mid-nineteenth century based on long available instrumental series, indicate a modest improvement in reconstructive skill over the PPR approach. At the continental scale, the 1930s‘Dust Bowl’ remains the most severe drought event since 1700 within the context of the estimated uncertainties, but more severe episodes may have occurred at regional scales in past centuries. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/9hk6-5q30 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/6323 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/climate-reconstruction HTTPS Information NCEI Climate Reconstruction Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/drought/zhang2004-usa-pdsi-region-noaa.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/drought/zhang2004-usa-pdsi-meta-noaa.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/drought/zhang2004-usa-pdsi-grid-noaa.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21