gov.noaa.nodc:0295751 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-04-17T13:16:09Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Surface underway, profile measurements of water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen concentration, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), pH, delta C13 and other hydrographic and chemical parameters obtained during the East Coast Ocean Acidification (ECOA-3) Cruise on board the NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown in the East Coast US, North Atlantic Ocean from 2022-08-06 to 2022-09-23 (NCEI Accession 0295751) 2024-08-01 publication 2025-03-27 revision 2024-08-01 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/j9fq-wy73 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0295751 NCEI Archive Management System 0295751 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Shawn M. Shellito University of New Hampshire (UNH) shawn.shellito@unh.edu resourceProvider University of New Hampshire (UNH) resourceProvider Joseph Salisbury University of New Hampshire (UNH) Joe.Salisbury@unh.edu principalInvestigator Wei-Jun Cai University of Delaware wcai@udel.edu http://www.udel.edu/ HTTP University of Delaware website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Shawn Shellito University of New Hampshire (UNH) shawn.shellito@unh.edu principalInvestigator Salisbury, Joseph E. University of New Hampshire (UNH) author Cai, Wei-Jun University of Delaware http://www.udel.edu/ HTTP University of Delaware website Institution web page information author Shellito, Shawn M. University of New Hampshire (UNH) author University of Delaware http://www.udel.edu/ HTTP University of Delaware website Institution web page information contributor University of New Hampshire (UNH) contributor tableDigital This dataset consists of surface underway, profile measurements of water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen concentration, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), pH, delta C13 and other hydrographic and chemical parameters obtained during the East Coast Ocean Acidification (ECOA-3) Cruise on board the NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown in the East Coast US, North Atlantic Ocean from 2022-08-06 to 2022-09-23. The effort was in support of the coastal monitoring and research objectives of the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (OAP). The cruise was designed to obtain a snapshot of key carbon, physical, and biogeochemical parameters as they relate to ocean acidification (OA) in the coastal realm. The cruise included a series of 24 transects approximately orthogonal to the Gulf of Maine and Atlantic coasts and a comprehensive set of underway measurements along the entire transect. To measure key carbon, physical and biogeochemical parameters in coastal waters of the Gulf of Maine and eastern coast of the US in relation to Ocean Acidification. Funding Information: NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program (ECOA3 Cruise, OAP1812-1527) completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded NCEI Accession 0295751 was revised and a new version of the archival package was published. Updates to existing archival packages may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. The latest version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. Please see journal.txt in the /about directory for additional details on changes made. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0295751 Preview graphic PNG 0295751 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2024-07-31 publication DELTA CARBON-13 DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC) DISSOLVED OXYGEN pH SALINITY total alkalinity WATER TEMPERATURE theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer Niskin bottle oxygen sensor pH sensor temperature sensor thermistor thermosalinograph titrator instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS chemical physical surface underway theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS University of Delaware University of New Hampshire dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS University of New Hampshire dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) US DOC; NOAA; Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS East Coast - US/Canada Gulf of Maine North Atlantic Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication RB-22-2 project Cruise ID 33RO20220806 project EXPOCODE Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project project Ocean Acidification Search Keywords ECOA-3 project Reference Section ID EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > ALKALINITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > INORGANIC CARBON EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > OXYGEN EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PH EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Discrete measurement Surface underway theme OCADS Study Type DIC Delta_C13 TA TSG_SAL_PSS78 TSG_temp_ITS90 oxygen pH_T_measured theme Provider Variable Abbreviations CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS NISKIN BOTTLES OXYGEN METERS > OXYGEN METERS PH METERS > PH METERS TEMPERATURE SENSORS > TEMPERATURE SENSORS THERMISTORS > THERMISTORS THERMOSALINOGRAPHS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Ships platform Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Ronald H. Brown (call sign: WTEC, ICES code: 33RO, 1997-) platform ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > GULF OF MAINE place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian North Atlantic Ocean US East Coast place Provider Geographic Names accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Salisbury, Joseph E.; Cai, Wei-Jun; Shellito, Shawn M. (2024). Surface underway, profile measurements of water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen concentration, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), pH, delta C13 and other hydrographic and chemical parameters obtained during the East Coast Ocean Acidification (ECOA-3) Cruise on board the NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown in the East Coast US, North Atlantic Ocean from 2022-08-06 to 2022-09-23 (NCEI Accession 0295751). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/j9fq-wy73. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. license This dataset has been dedicated to the public domain under a Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication. SPDX License: Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (CC0-1.0) Salisbury, J.; Cai, W.J.; and Shellito S. 2022. ECOA 3 cruise station discrete data; Salisbury, J.and Shellito S. 2022. ECOA Report. https://oceanacidification.noaa.gov/ocean-acidification-research-cruises/ 2022 publication https://oceanacidification.noaa.gov/ocean-acidification-research-cruises/ HTTPS https://oceanacidification.noaa.gov/ocean-acidification-research-cruises/ Related resource information crossReference project NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system 2022-04 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system OCADS website information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital [accessed 2024-02-08] crossReference program Salisbury, Joseph E.; Cai, Wei-Jun; Shellito, Shawn M. (2024). CTD profile measurements of water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen concentration, stimulated fluorescence of chlorophyll A, CDOM colored dissolved organic matter and other hydrographic and chemical parameters obtained during the East Coast Ocean Acidification (ECOA-3) Cruise on board the NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown in the East Coast US, North Atlantic Ocean from 2022-08-06 to 2022-09-23 (NCEI Accession 0295693). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/hp2z-tm94. 2024-08-01 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.25921/hp2z-tm94 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0295693 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0295693.html HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0295693.html Related dataset information Salisbury, Joseph E. University of New Hampshire (UNH) author Cai, Wei-Jun University of Delaware http://www.ceoe.udel.edu HTTP University of Delaware, College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment website Institution web page information author Shellito, Shawn M. University of New Hampshire (UNH) author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher tableDigital crossReference project Time Series and Coastal Cruises: Gulf of Maine 2022 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/Coastal/unh_ts.html HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/Coastal/unh_ts.html Related resource information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital crossReference project Roberts, Elliott G.; Ouyang, Zhangxian; Hussain, Najid; Cai, Wei-Jun (2023). Biological oxygen saturation (Δ(O2/Ar)) collected from surface underway observations using EIMS from NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown during the ECOA2022 project from 2022-08-06 to 2022-09-23 (NCEI Accession 0281870). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0281870. 2023-08-22 publication NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0281870 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0281870.html HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0281870.html Related dataset information Roberts, Elliott G. author Ouyang, Zhangxian University of Delaware http://www.udel.edu/ HTTP University of Delaware website Institution web page information author Hussain, Najid University of Delaware http://www.udel.edu/ HTTP University of Delaware website Institution web page information author Cai, Wei-Jun University of Delaware http://www.udel.edu/ HTTP University of Delaware website Institution web page information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher tableDigital crossReference project eng; USA utf8 environment oceans -81.1 -58.2 26.9 45.8 2022-08-06 2022-09-23 This data package (Submission ID: BHP0YG2LG) was acquired by NCEI from the Scientific Data Integration System (SDIS) at the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) in accordance with the archival submission agreement between NCEI and PMEL. 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Originator data format 0.352 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0295751.html HTTPS Web browser Project Metadata Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://doi.org/10.25921/j9fq-wy73 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/295751 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/295751 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0230/0295751/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0295751 v1.1 was published. 2024-08-01T21:38:14Z NCEI Accession 0295751 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0295751/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0295751 v1.1 published 2024-08-01T21:38:14Z download NCEI Accession 0295751 was revised and v2.2 was published. Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. 2025-03-27T21:04:27Z NCEI Accession 0295751 v2.2 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0295751/2.2 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0295751 v2.2 published 2025-03-27T21:04:27Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon; Abbreviation: DIC; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Profile and surface underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle and flow through pump; Analyzing instrument: Two systems consisting of a coulometer (UIC Inc.) coupled with a Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Extractor (DICE) inlet system. DICE was developed by Esa Peltola and Denis Pierrot of NOAA/AOML and Dana Greeley of NOAA/PMEL to modernize a carbon extractor called SOMMA (Johnson et al. 1985, 1987, 1993, and 1999; Johnson 1992); Detailed sampling and analyzing information: "Samples for total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) measurements were drawn according to procedures outlined in the Handbook of Methods for CO2 Analysis (DOE 1994) from Niskin bottles into cleaned 294-ml glass bottles. Bottles were rinsed and filled from the bottom, leaving 6 ml of headspace; care was taken not to entrain any bubbles. After 0.2 ml of saturated HgCl2 solution was added as a preservative, the sample bottles were sealed with glass stoppers lightly covered with Apiezon-L grease and were stored at room temperature for a maximum of 12 hours prior to analysis. The DIC analytical equipment was set up in a seagoing laboratory van. The analysis was done by coulometry with two analytical systems (AOML3 and AOML4) used simultaneously on the cruise. In the coulometric analysis of DIC, all carbonate species are converted to CO2 (gas) by addition of excess hydrogen ion (acid) to the seawater sample, and the evolved CO2 gas is swept into the titration cell of the coulometer with pure air or compressed nitrogen, where it reacts quantitatively with a proprietary reagent based on ethanolamine to generate hydrogen ions. In this process, the solution changes from blue to colorless, triggering a current through the cell and causing coulometrical generation of OH– ions at the anode. The OH– ions react with the H+, and the solution turns blue again. A beam of light is shone through the solution, and a photometric detector at the opposite side of the cell senses the change in transmission. Once the percent transmission reaches its original value, the coulometric titration is stopped, and the amount of CO2 that enters the cell is determined by integrating the total charge during the titration. The pipette volume was determined by taking aliquots at known temperature of distilled water from the volumes. The weights with the appropriate densities were used to determine the volume of the pipettes. Calculation of the amount of CO2 injected was according to the CO2 handbook (DOE 1994). The instrument has a salinity sensor, but all DIC values were recalculated to a molar weight (µmol/kg) using density obtained from the CTD’s salinity. The DIC values were corrected for dilution by 0.2 ml of saturated HgCl2 used for sample preservation. A correction was also applied for the offset from the CRM. This additive correction was applied for each cell using the CRM value obtained in the beginning of the cell. The average correction was 2.13 μmol/kg. While both systems worked very well during the cruise, they occasionally had high blanks. Normally the blank is less than 30, but we were forced to run them with blanks in the 12-38 range. Several relatively minor problems occurred with AOML 3 during the cruise; (1) A power problem on 06/20/2015 with the coulometer was resolved by plugging several items into different outlets instead of all into the same power strip, (2) Pipette filling problem (liquid level sensor error) which started on 06/28/2015 was resolved on 07/08/2015 by replacing sample tubing and valve/inlet 13, (3) the coulometer was malfunctioning on 07/10/2015 and not responding to the computer/labview program and was switched out with an older version coulometer (AOML5), which was used for the remainder of the cruise, and (4) a field point communication error occurred on 07/16/2015 and was resolved by tightening the serial port connection to DICE 3. AOML 4 worked well during the cruise with no problems. Underway samples were collected from the flow thru system in the Wet Lab during transits between station lines. Discrete DIC samples were collected every hour with duplicates every fifth sample. "; Replicate information: Duplicates were collected on most CTD stations and every 5th sample for the underway discrete sampling. A total of 230 duplicates were collected from the discrete CTD samples.; Standardization description: The coulometers were calibrated by injecting aliquots of pure CO2 (99.99%) by means of an 8-port valve outfitted with two sample loops with known gas volumes bracketing the amount of CO2 extracted from the water samples for the two AOML systems.; Standardization frequency: The stability of each coulometer cell solution was confirmed three different ways: two sets of gas loops were measured at the beginning; also the Certified Reference Material (CRM), Batch 188 &195, supplied by Dr. A. Dickson of SIO, was measured at the beginning; and the duplicate samples at the beginning, middle, and end of each cell solution. The coulometer cell solution was replaced after 25 mg of carbon was titrated, typically after 9–12 hours of continuous use.; CRM manufacturer: Dr. A. Dickson (SIO); CRM batch number: 188;195; Preservation method: saturated HgCl2; Preservative volume: 0.2 ml; Preservative correction: The DIC values were corrected for dilution by 0.2 ml of saturated HgCl2 used for sample preservation. The total water volume of the sample bottles was 288 ml (calibrated by Esa Peltola, AOML). The correction factor used for dilution was 1.0007.; Uncertainty: none; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: DOE (U.S. Department of Energy). (1994). Handbook of Methods for the Analysis of the Various Parameters of the Carbon Dioxide System in Seawater. Version 2.0. ORNL/CDIAC-74. Ed. A. G. Dickson and C. Goyet. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn. Johnson, K.M., Körtzinger, A.; Mintrop, L.; Duinker, J.C.; and Wallace, D.W.R. (1999). Coulometric total carbon dioxide analysis for marine studies: Measurement and internal consistency of underway surface TCO2 concentrations. Marine Chemistry 67:123–44. Johnson, K.M., Wills, K.D.; Butler, D.B.; Johnson, W.K.; and Wong, C.S. (1993). Coulometric total carbon dioxide analysis for marine studies: Maximizing the performance of an automated gas extraction. Johnson, K.M. (1992). Operator’s Manual: Single-Operator Multiparameter Metabolic Analyzer (SOMMA) for Total Carbon Dioxide (CT) with Coulometric Detection. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Brookhaven, N.Y. Johnson, K.M.; Williams, P.J.; Brandstrom, L.; and McN. Sieburth, J. (1987). Coulometric total carbon analysis for marine studies: Automation and calibration. Marine Chemistry 21:117–33.; Researcher name: Pis Leticia Barbero1,2 and Rik Wanninkhof1; Analysts Patrick Mears1,2 and Chuck Featherstone1; Researcher institution: Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration1, University of Miami, CIMAS2 Parameter or Variable: Total alkalinity; Abbreviation: TA; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Laboratory experimeny; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: manipulation condition; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle and flow through pump; Analyzing instrument: Semi-automated total alkalinity titration system (AS-ALK2, Apollo Scitech). This system consists of two high precision Kloehn digital pumps which are equipped with 1 ml and 25 ml syringes, an Orion Star A211 pH meter (Thermo Scientific), and an Orion 8102BN ROSS combination pH electrode (Thermo Scientific), and a thermostated water bath.; Type of titration: Gran titration; Cell type (open or closed): OPEN; Curve fitting method: Linear least squares regression; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: TA samples were collected directly from the Niskin bottle into 250 ml ground-glass borosilicate bottles without HgCl2 poisoning. TA was determined on 25 mL seawater samples by potentiometric titration, using 0.1 M hydrochloric acid and an open-cell titration system. All TA samples were analyzed in pre-thermostated glass cells. For each sample analysis, subsamples were sequentially analyzed at least twice until we obtained two replicates with a precision within 0.1%; Replicate information: 128 duplicates were sampled during the cruise.; Standardization description: The pH electrode was calibrated with three pH buffers (NBS) 4.01, 7.00, and 10.01. Recalibration was done every 12 to 24 hours. The concentration of HCl solution was standardized by the Certified Reference Material (CRM, batch#121 and batch#141). In addition, CRM was also used as sample to check the stability of the TA titration system every 12 hours or when necessary.; Standardization frequency: The concentration of hydrochloric acid was standardized once per day using the Certified Reference Material (CRM).; CRM manufacturer: Dr. A. G. Dickson, Scripps Institution of Oceanography; CRM batch number: 188;195; Preservation method: N/A; Preservative volume: N/A; Preservative correction: N/A; TA blank correction: N/A; Uncertainty: The precision of this method is better than 0.1% and accuracy is 0.1%.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: "Gran, G. (1952). ""Determination of the equivalence point in potentiometric titrations. Part II."" Analyst 77(920): 661-671.Cai, W. J., X. P. Hu, W. J. Huang, L. Q. Jiang, Y. C. Wang, T. H. Peng and X. Zhang (2010). ""Alkalinity distribution in the western North Atlantic Ocean margins."" Journal of Geophysical Research 115: C08014.Huang, W. J., Y. C. Wang and W. J. Cai (2012). ""Assessment of sample storage techniques for total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon in seawater."" Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 10: 711-717.Dickson, A. G., C. L. Sabine and J. R. Christian (2007). ""Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements."""; Researcher name: Wei-Jun Cai; Researcher institution: University of Delaware Parameter or Variable: pH; Abbreviation: pH_T_measured; pH scale: TOTALSCALE(T); Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: manipulation condition; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle and flow through pump; Analyzing instrument: The pH was measured using the spectrophotometric method on the total hydrogen ion concentration pH scale. The analyzing system consists of an Agilent 8453 UV-visible spectroscopy system, a high precision Kloehn digital pump, a 10-cm light path quartz cell, a thermostated water bath, and a custom-made temperature-control system for spectrophotometer cell.; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Seawater was sampled directly from the Niskin bottle into a narrow neck 125 mL borosilicate glass bottle. After filling the bottle, we let several hundred mL of seawater overflow and then capped the bottle. While awaiting analysis, the samples were stored in the dark. Seawater was analyzed within 2 hours of collection. During analysis, the absorbance of a seawater blank was first measured at three wavelengths (578, 434, and 730 nm). Then the absorbance of the mixture of concentrated purified dye m-cresol purple (30 micro-liter, ~2 mmol/L, MCP) and seawater was measured at the same wavelengths. In addition, a double dye addition experiment was carried out at sea to evaluate the influence on pH due to the addition of dye into seawater.; Replicate information: 230 duplicates were sampled during the cruise.; Standardization description: The pH data was guaranteed by purified m-cresol purple which was supplied by Dr. Robert H. Byrne at University of South Florida.; At what temperature was pH reported: 20 C and 25 C. Reported at the temperature of measurement.; Uncertainty: < 0.001 pH units; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: "Liu, X. W., M. C. Patsavas and R. H. Byrne (2011). ""Purification and Characterization of meta-Cresol Purple for Spectrophotometric Seawater pH Measurements."" Environmental Science & Technology 45(11): 4862-4868.Clayton, T. D. and R. H. Byrne (1993). ""Spectrophotometric seawater pH measurements - total hydrogen-ion concentration scale calibration of m-cresol purple and at-sea results."" Deep-Sea Research Part I 40(10): 2115-2129.Dickson, A. G., C. L. Sabine and J. R. Christian (2007). ""Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements."""; Researcher name: Wei-Jun Cai; Researcher institution: University of Delaware Parameter or Variable: Underway Sea Surface Temp; Abbreviation: TSG_temp_ITS90; Unit: deg_C; Observation type: underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: SBE 38; Uncertainty: accuracy 0.002 with a percision of 0.0002; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Researcher name: Joe Salisbury; Researcher institution: Ocean Processes Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire Parameter or Variable: Underway Sea Surface Salinity; Abbreviation: TSG_SAL_PSS78; Unit: N/A; Observation type: underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: SBE 45; Uncertainty: accuracy 0.0003 S/m with a precision of 0.0003 S/m; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Researcher name: Joe Salisbury; Researcher institution: Ocean Processes Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire Parameter or Variable: bottle dissolved oxygen; Abbreviation: oxygen; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Profile and surface underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle and flow through pump; Analyzing instrument: Automated oxygen titrator using amperometric end-point detection (Langdon 2010).; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Samples were drawn from all casts and all Niskin bottles into volumetrically calibrated 125 ml iodine titration flasks using Tygon tubing with a silicone adaptor that fit over the petcock to avoid contamination of DOC samples. Bottles were rinsed three times and filled from the bottom, overflowing three volumes while taking care not to entrain any bubbles. The draw temperature was taken using a digital thermometer with a flexible thermistor probe that was inserted into the flask while the sample was being drawn during the overflow period. These temperatures were used to calculate concentrations, and a diagnostic check of Niskin bottle integrity. One ml of MnCl2 and one ml of NaOH/NaI were added immediately after drawing of the sample was concluded using a Repipetor, the flasks were then stoppered and shaken well. DIW was added to the neck of each flask to create a water seal. The flasks were stored in the lab in plastic totes at room temperature for at least 1 hour before analysis. Twenty-four samples plus duplicates were drawn from each station except the shallow coastal stations where fewer samples were drawn depending on the depth or as directed by the chief scientist. Dissolved oxygen analyses were performed with an automated oxygen titrator using amperometric end-point detection (Langdon 2010). The titration of the samples and the data logging and graphical display was performed on a PC running a LabView program written by Ulises Rivero of AOML. The titrations were performed in a climate controlled lab at 18.5-20 degrees Celsius. Thiosulfate was dispensed by a 2 ml Gilmont syringe driven with a stepper motor controlled by the titrator. Tests in the lab were performed to confirm that the precision and accuracy of the volume dispensed were comparable or superior to the Dosimat 665. The whole-bottle titration technique of Carpenter (1965) with modifications by Culberson et al. (1991) was used. Four to three replicate 10 ml iodate standards were run 13 times during the cruise. The reagent blank was determined at the beginning and end of the cruise. A titration was made to 1 ml of iodate standard. The volume of thiosulfate required for the titration is V1. An additional 1 ml of standard was added to the titrated sample and titrated again. The volume of thiosulfate used for the second titration is V2. The reagent blank was determined as the difference between V1 and V2.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Carpenter, J.H. (1965). The Chesapeake Bay Institute technique for the Winkler dissolved oxygen method. Limnol. Oceanogr. 10: 141-143 Culberson, C.H. and Huang, S. (1987). Automated amperometric oxygen titration. Deep-Sea Res. 34: 875-880. Culberson, C.H.; Knapp, G.; Stalcup, M.; Williams, R.T. and Zemlyak, F. (1991). A comparison of methods for the determination of dissolved oxygen in seawater. WHP Operations and Methods. Langdon, C. (2010). Determination of dissolved oxygen in seawater by Winkler titration using the amperometric technique. The GO-SHIP Repeat Hydrography Manual: A Collection of Expert Reports and Guidelines. E. M. Hood, C. L. Sabine and B. M. Sloyan, IOCCP Report Number 14, ICPO Publication Series Number 134.; Researcher name: Chris Langdon; Researcher institution: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science/University of Miami Parameter or Variable: δ13C-DIC Carbon Isotope measurements; Abbreviation: Delta_C13; Unit: ppt; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle and flow through pump; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Discrete CTD samples for DIC and δ13C-DIC measurements were sampled from Niskin bottles at a variety of depths with one to two duplicates according to procedures outlined in the PICES Special Publication, Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements. Pre-combusted (550 ℃ for 4 h) 250 mL borosilicate glass bottles were rinsed three times before being filled from the bottom, with at least half the bottle volume of overflow. 1 mL of water was extracted to allow thermal expansion and 50 μL of saturated HgCl2 solution was added to poison biological activities. Sample bottles were then sealed with Apiezon-L grease and stoppers were fixed with rubber bands and clips. The samples were either stored at room temperature for at least 24 hours until water temperature approaches room temperature before onboard analysis or stored in coolers for transporting back home. Underway samples for DIC and δ13C-DIC analyses were collected every 2 hours from the flow-through system in the Hydro Lab during transits between stations. Underway samples were stored at room temperature for about 5 hours before onboard analysis. For each measurement, 6.5 mL of water sample and 1.6 mL of phosphoric acid (2% vol./vol. H3PO4 with 7% wt./vol. NaCl) were drawn by the multi-valve pump coupled with a 10 mL syringe. The sample was injected and acidified in the reactor, converting all carbonate species to CO2, which was then sent to the CRDS analyzer using CO2-free compressed air at a 60 mL/min flow rate. The CO2 concentration and δ13C-CO2 were concurrently measured via the CRDS, with data recorded at approximately a 1 Hz frequency for about 500 seconds. The analytical cycle would complete when the CO2 concentration fell beneath a predetermined threshold (i.e., the deviation between 15 successive data points of CO2 reading was less than 5 ppm above the initial baseline) or if the change dipped below a preset threshold (i.e., the standard deviation of CO2 for 15 consecutive data points was less than 0.16 ppm). The net integration area for DIC is computed by integrating the area beneath the CO2 concentration curve over the baseline. The δ13C-DIC, defined as per mil deviations from the reference standard Vienna PeeDee Belemnite (V-PDB), is ascertained as the CO2-weighted average of δ13C-CO2 data, applying a cutoff of 400 ppm to avoid high noise at reduced CO2 signals. Each sample was subjected to a minimum of two and up to four consecutive measurements to achieve the preset relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.1% for DIC and 0.06 for δ13C-DIC. All measurements were carried out in a temperature-regulated environment (T = 20 ± 2 °C), with temperature variations documented using a thermometer. All DIC values were converted to a molar weight (μmol/kg) using density derived from the recorded temperature during measurements and the CTD salinity.; Replicate information: In order to determine the DIC concentration and δ13C-DIC values, three batches of homemade NaHCO3 solutions with different δ13C values were used as reference standards, which were calibrated every 3 days against the Certified Reference Material (CRM) provided by Dr. Andrew Dickson of the Scripps Institute of Oceanography. Throughout the analytical period, homemade standards were sub-sampled into 12-ml glass vials weekly and then sent to the UC Davis Stable Isotope Facility for δ13C-DIC analysis. In their approach, DIC in water was converted to headspace CO2 using phosphoric acid and analyzed using headspace equilibration technique with a Thermo Scientific GasBench II and Thermo Finnigan Delta Plus XL isotope-ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). The δ13C-DIC values, obtained through Gasbench-IRMS method at the facility, were utilized to calibrate the CRDS measurements of δ13C-DIC.; Uncertainty: In the overall assessment, the mean relative standard deviations (RSD) for DIC of house standards replicates and CRMs are within 0.09%, and the mean standard deviations (SD) for δ13C-DIC are within 0.06‰. The mean relative accuracy for DIC of CRMs is 0.07%. Additionally, the average offset of house standards and CRMs in δ13C-DIC, relative to the Gasbench-IRMS results from the UC Davis Stable Isotope Facility, is within 0.02‰. The mean RSD of the sample duplicates is 0.08% for DIC, and the mean SD is 0.04‰ for δ13C-DIC.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: A. Dickson, S. Chris, J. R. Christian, Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements. (2007). J. Su, W.-J. Cai, N. Hussain, J. Brodeur, B. Chen, K. Huang, Simultaneous determination of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration and stable isotope (δ13C-DIC) by Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy: Application to study carbonate dynamics in the Chesapeake Bay. Marine Chemistry 215, 103689 (2019). X. Deng, Q. Li, J. Su, C.-Y. Liu, E. Atekwana, W.-J. Cai, Performance evaluations and applications of a δ13C-DIC analyzer in seawater and estuarine waters. Science of The Total Environment 833, 155013 (2022).; Researcher name: Zhentao Sun, Zhangxian Ouyang, and Wei-Jun Cai; Researcher institution: University of Delaware asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water. Niskin bottle Niskin bottle Device for obtaining samples of seawater at a specific depth Why special entry for Niskin bottle but no entry for Nansen bottle? oxygen sensor oxygen sensor Any instrument that measures oxygen content in a compound. pH sensor pH sensor generic meter used to measure pH Any of a class of instruments used to quantify pH in a water or other type of sample. temperature sensor temperature sensor A sensor used to measure temperature. thermistor thermistor electronic temperature sensor thermally sensitive resistor thermosalinograph thermosalinograph automated sea surface temperature and salinity instrument, usually attached to the hull of a ship Thermosalinograph is an automated Sea Surface Temperature and Salinity measurement system making measurement on board a ship using a water intake. [https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/tsg/about.php 2021-01-29] titrator titrator titrator NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown Updated information from ICES for UNITED STATES platform Ronald H. Brown Flag : UNITED STATES - US (ISO Country Code) Call Sign : WTEC Title : NOAA Ship Platform Class : Research vessel IMO : 9105786 Pennant : R 104 Commissioned Date : 1997-07-19 Current Length : 83.5 Built : 1997 Information Source : http://www.moc.noaa.gov/rb/index.html (URL) Lloyds URL : http://www.seasearcher.com/lmiu/vessels/overview.htm?vesselID=277516 *General Comments:* Name RESEARCHER II planned during build was never used.