noaa-coral-1904 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2025-07-16 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - North Rock, Southern Preserve, Hens and Chickens Reef, San Cristobal Island, Tutuila, Aunuu, Suva, Mauritius - Pb/Ca Data 2004-11-01 publication doi:10.25921/desk-wa37 noaa-coral-1904 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Shen, G.T. originator Shen, G.T. author Boyle, E.A. originator Boyle, E.A. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Coral. The data include parameters of corals and sclerosponges with a geographic location of American Samoa, Central Pacific Ocean. The time period coverage is from 252 to -33 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Records of past climate and ocean environment derived from stable isotope, trace metal, and other measurements made on corals and sclerosponges. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this dataset. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the dataset citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-coral.png Paleoclimatology - Coral and Sclerosponge PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Biological Records > Coral Deposits Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Ocean/Lake Records > Coral Deposits Earth Science > Paleoclimate > Ocean/Lake Records > Coral Deposits theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges > trace metals theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian What: age; Material: null What: lead/calcium; Material: Orbicella annularis What: lead/calcium; Material: Hydnophora microconos What: 206Pb/207Pb; Material: Pseudodiploria strigosa What: lead/calcium; Material: Orbicella annularis What: lead/calcium; Material: Pavona clavus What: lead/calcium; Material: Platygyra daedalea What: lead/calcium; Material: Pavona clavus What: age at sample end; Material: null What: lead/calcium; Material: Platygyra daedalea What: lead/calcium; Material: Pseudodiploria strigosa What: age at sample start; Material: null What: number of samples; Material: null What: lead/calcium; Material: Hydnophora microconos What: 206Pb/207Pb; Material: Pseudodiploria strigosa What: lead/calcium; Material: Pseudodiploria strigosa theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > American Samoa > Tutuila, Aunuu > LATITUDE -14.33 > LONGITUDE -170.67 Ocean > Pacific Ocean > South Pacific Ocean > Polynesia > Fiji > Suva > LATITUDE -18.12 > LONGITUDE 178.45 Ocean > Indian Ocean > Mauritius > Mauritius > LATITUDE -20 > LONGITUDE 57.5 Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Eastern Pacific Ocean > Galapagos Islands > San Cristobal Island > LATITUDE -.75 > LONGITUDE -89.6 Continent > North America > United States Of America > Florida > Hens and Chickens Reef > LATITUDE 24.95 > LONGITUDE -80.55 Ocean > Atlantic Ocean > North Atlantic Ocean > Bermuda > North Rock > LATITUDE 32.48 > LONGITUDE -64.8 Ocean > Atlantic Ocean > North Atlantic Ocean > Bermuda > Southern Preserve > LATITUDE 32.32 > LONGITUDE -64.68 place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Shen, G.T.; Boyle, E.A. (2004-11-01): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - North Rock, Southern Preserve, Hens and Chickens Reef, San Cristobal Island, Tutuila, Aunuu, Suva, Mauritius - Pb/Ca Data. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/desk-wa37. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. Lead in corals: reconstruction of historical industrial fluxes to the surface ocean 1987 publication Shen, G.T., and E.A. Boyle author Earth and Planetary Science Letters publisher https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(87)90203-2 HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 1987 Shen, G.T., and E.A. Boyle, 1987: Lead in corals: reconstruction of historical industrial fluxes to the surface ocean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 82, 289-304, 10.1016/0012-821X(87)90203-2 information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 1698 CE to 1983 CE; Date Range: 252 cal yr BP to -33 cal yr BP; -170.67 178.45 -20 32.48 1698 1983 STUDY NOTES: Lead concentration data from annually-banded scleractinian corals, illustrating anthropogenic Pb increases in the surface ocean. ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: Twentieth century environmental lead chronologies for the western North Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans have been reconstructed from annually-banded scleractinian corals. Measurements of lattice-bound Pb in sequential coral bands reveal temporal changes in surface water Pb concentrations and Pb isotopic distributions. Perturbations are observable in all specimens studied, attesting to global augmentation of environmental Pb by industrialization. In the western North Atlantic, Pb perturbations have occurred in direct response to the American industrial revolution and the subsequent introduction and phasing-out of alkyl Pb additives in gasoline. Surface ocean conditions near Bermuda may be reliably reconstructed from the coral data via a lead distribution coefficient of 2.3 for the species,Diploria strigosa. Based on210Pb measurements, a similar distribution coefficient may be characteristic of corals in general. Surface Pb concentrations in the pre-industrial Sargasso Sea were about 15–20 pM. Concentrations rose to near 90 pM by 1923 as a result of metals manufacture and fossil fuel combustion. Beginning in the late 1940's, increased utilization of leaded gasoline eventually led to a peak concentration of 240 pM in 1971, representing an approximate 15-fold increase over background. Surface ocean concentrations are presently declining rapidly (128 pM in 1984) as a result of curtailed alkyl Pb usage. Lead isotopic shifts parallel the concentration record indicating that characteristic industrial and alkyl Pb source signatures have not changed appreciably in time. Industrial releases recorded in the Florida Keys reflect a weaker source and evidence of recirculated Pb (5–6 years old) from the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. An inferred background concentration of 38 pM suggests influence of shelf and/or resuspended inputs of Pb to these coastal waters. In remote areas of the South Pacific and Indian Oceans, industrial signals are fainter and the corals studied much younger than their Atlantic counterparts. Contemporary Pb concentrations implied by coral measurements (assumingKD = 2.3) are 40–50 pM for surface waters near Tutuila and Galapagos in the South Pacific, and 25–29 pM near Mauritius in the Indian Ocean. A single coral band from Fiji (1920 ± 5yr) implies a pre-industrial surface water concentration of 16–19 pM Pb for the South Pacific. In view of reported surface water measurements and the North Atlantic coral data, the Pacific coral extrapolations may be slightly high. This could be a result of small variations inKD among different coral genera, or incorporation of diagenetic Pb by corals sampled in coastal environments. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/desk-wa37 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/1904 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/coral-sclerosponge HTTPS Information NCEI Coral Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/suva1987-noaa.txt HTTPS Download /coral/west_pacific/suva1987-noaa.txt Coral download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/indian_ocean/mauritius1987-noaa.txt HTTPS Download /coral/indian_ocean/mauritius1987-noaa.txt Coral download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/tutuila1987-noaa.txt HTTPS Download /coral/east_pacific/tutuila1987-noaa.txt Coral download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/sancristobal1987-noaa.txt HTTPS Download /coral/east_pacific/sancristobal1987-noaa.txt Coral download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/atlantic/preserve1987-noaa.txt HTTPS Download /coral/atlantic/preserve1987-noaa.txt Coral download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/atlantic/northrock1987-pbiso-noaa.txt HTTPS Download /coral/atlantic/northrock1987-pbiso-noaa.txt Coral download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/atlantic/northrock1987-noaa.txt HTTPS Download /coral/atlantic/northrock1987-noaa.txt Coral download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/atlantic/hens1987-noaa.txt HTTPS Download /coral/atlantic/hens1987-noaa.txt Coral download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21