gov.noaa.nodc:0305035 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-06-08T13:21:42Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Carbonate budget methods comparison at Cheeca Rocks (Florida, USA) (NCEI Accession 0305035) 2025-06-18 publication 2025-06-10 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/a7f4-py29 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0305035 NCEI Archive Management System 0305035 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher John T. Morris Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) john.morris@noaa.gov https://cimas.earth.miami.edu/ HTTPS Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) website Institution web page information resourceProvider NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information resourceProvider John Morris Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) john.morris@noaa.gov https://cimas.earth.miami.edu/ HTTPS Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Ian Enochs NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) ian.enochs@noaa.gov https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information collaborator Clinton Edwards Consolidated Safety Services-Dynamac (CSS) clinton.edwards@noaa.gov https://www.css-inc.com/ HTTPS Consolidated Safety Services-Dynamac (CSS) website Institution web page information collaborator T. Shay Viehman NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) shay.viehman@noaa.gov https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) website Institution web page information collaborator Nicole Besemer NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) nicole.besemer@noaa.gov https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information collaborator Morris, John T. University of Miami, Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies under grant from NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory john.morris@noaa.gov https://cimas.earth.miami.edu/ HTTPS Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) website Institution web page information author Edwards, Clinton B. CSS, under contract to NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) clinton.edwards@noaa.gov https://www.css-inc.com/ HTTPS Consolidated Safety Services-Dynamac (CSS) website Institution web page information author Webb, Alice Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies / NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory / University of Exeter alice.webb@noaa.gov https://cimas.earth.miami.edu/ HTTPS Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) website Institution web page information author Barkley, Hannah C. NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division hannah.barkley@noaa.gov https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information author Viehman, T. Shay NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) shay.viehman@noaa.gov https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) website Institution web page information author Palacio-Castro, Ana Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies / NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory ana.maria.palacio@noaa.gov https://cimas.earth.miami.edu/ HTTPS Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) website Institution web page information author Wong, Michaela CSS, under contract to NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) michaela.wong@noaa.gov https://www.css-inc.com/ HTTPS Consolidated Safety Services-Dynamac (CSS) website Institution web page information author Ramos-Rosado, Aliany University of Puerto Rico https://www.uprm.edu/ HTTPS University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez (UPRM) website Institution web page information author Hirsh, Heidi Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies / NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory heidi.k.hirsh@noaa.gov https://cimas.earth.miami.edu/ HTTPS Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) website Institution web page information author Besemer, Nicole NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory nicole.besemer@noaa.gov https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information author Petrovic, Vid University of California San Diego author Perry, Chris University of Exeter http://www.exeter.ac.uk/ HTTP University of Exeter website Institution web page information author Simmons, Kayelyn NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) website Institution web page information author Enochs, Ian C. NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory ian.enochs@noaa.gov https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information author NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital Carbonate budget assessments quantify changes to reef habitat structure by measuring the cover of habitat altering taxa (calcifies and eroders) and assimilating literature-reported carbonate production/erosion rates, ultimately yielding estimates of net carbonate production. This dataset was used to test the efficacy of our novel site-level Photogrammetry-Based Carbonate Budgets (PBCB) technique by performing a methods comparison at Cheeca Rocks (Florida, USA). The PBCB-derived carbonate budget results were compared to two established transect-based methods: in-water ReefBudget surveys and a modified large-area imagery technique. The ‘carbonateBudget’ csv file includes percent cover of prominent benthic taxa, carbonate production/erosion of habitat altering taxa (coral, CCA, microborers, macroborers, parrotfish, and urchins), the three primary components of a carbonate budget (net carbonate production, gross carbonate production, gross carbonate erosion), and site/transect rugosity. The ‘coralGenus_Data’ csv file includes percent cover and carbonate production by each coral genus observed at the study site. The ‘coralData_PBCB’ csv file includes all coral data extracted from segmented coral colonies (i.e. boundary of distinct areas of coral tissue) using the PBCB workflow. These data reveal that all three methods produce similar estimates of net carbonate production, validating the efficacy of the PBCB method to be used for future carbonate budget assessments. The Photogrammetry-Based Carbonate Budgets (PBCB) methodology is a site-level carbonate budget approach that combines large-area imagery (LAI) datasets with in-field grazer surveys to calculate reef habitat growth and erosion. The LAI data sources employed in this technique include: (1) two-dimensional orthoprojections, (2) three-dimensional digital elevation models, (3) segmented polygons of coral colonies annotated at the species/genus level, and (4) benthic points (25 points m-2) overlaid on the orthoprojections annotated at the functional group level. Benthic carbonate production is quantified as the sum of coral carbonate production (derived from segmented polygons) and carbonate production by non-coral calcifiers (derived from benthic points). Benthic carbonate erosion by microborers and macroboring sponges is calculated using percent cover (derived from benthic points) and literature-reported bioerosion rates. Surface values from digital elevation models are used to translate the planar area of each benthic component into surface area, providing a more accurate representation of three-dimensional structure within the calculated carbonate production and erosion rates. Since LAI techniques are unable to robustly capture grazer populations, field-survey data of parrotfish and urchins (recorded to the species and size-class level) are used to quantify grazer erosion. Site-level carbonate budgets are then estimated by summing benthic carbonate production, benthic carbonate erosion, and grazer erosion. This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis. Funding Agency: Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) Funding Agency: NOAA Climate Program Office (CPO) Funding Agency: NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) Funding Agency: NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) Funding Agency: U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0305035 Preview graphic PNG 0305035 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2025-06-02 publication BENTHIC COMMUNITIES CORAL CORAL - COLONY SIZE CORAL - SPECIES IDENTIFICATION REEF AND/OR BOTTOM REGIME - PERCENT COVER SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SUBSTRATE DESCRIPTION theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS camera laboratory analysis visual observation instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS biological in situ laboratory analyses model output survey survey - biological survey - coral reef visual observation theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) CORAL REEF STUDIES project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Coastal Waters of Florida Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary North Atlantic Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DOC/NOAA/OAR/AOML > Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Numeric Data Sets > Biology theme CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Benthic Habitat EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Reef Habitat EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Algal Cover EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Calcareous Macroalgae EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Crustose Coralline Algae EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Reef Monitoring and Assessment EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Turf Algae EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral biodiversity EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Net Ecosystem Calcification EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Benthos Analysis EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Benthos Analysis > Transect monitoring EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > In Situ Biological EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Photographic Analysis EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Reef Fish Census EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Benthic biology EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Coral Cover EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Hard Coral Cover EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Rugosity EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Coral EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Coral Communities EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Macroinvertebrate Communities EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Macroinvertebrates EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates > Macroinvertebrates theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOSYSTEMS > MARINE ECOSYSTEMS > BENTHIC EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOSYSTEMS > MARINE ECOSYSTEMS > REEF > CORAL REEF EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES > COASTAL LANDFORMS > CORAL REEFS theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian CAMERA > CAMERA VISUAL OBSERVATIONS > VISUAL OBSERVATIONS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Belt Transect Surveys Rcode TagLab Software Viscore Software instrument Provider Instruments COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Florida > Monroe County > Cheeca Rocks (24N080W0009) OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > North Atlantic Ocean > Florida Reef Tract > Upper Florida Keys > Cheeca Rocks (24N080W0009) place CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > GULF OF AMERICA OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > GULF OF MEXICO place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Florida Keys place Provider Place Names BW0LR9 Send2NCEI Submission Package ID accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Morris, John T.; Edwards, Clinton B.; Webb, Alice; Barkley, Hannah C.; Viehman, T. Shay; Palacio-Castro, Ana; Wong, Michaela; Ramos-Rosado, Aliany; Hirsh, Heidi; Besemer, Nicole; Petrovic, Vid; Perry, Chris; Simmons, Kayelyn; Enochs, Ian C. (2025). Carbonate budget methods comparison at Cheeca Rocks (Florida, USA) (NCEI Accession 0305035). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/a7f4-py29. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. license This dataset has been dedicated to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication. SPDX License: Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (CC0-1.0) eng; USA utf8 environment oceans biota -80.6096642 -80.5902894 24.880294 24.902329 2018-04-20 2022-08-22 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. CSV 2.68 https://doi.org/10.25921/a7f4-py29 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/305035 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/305035 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0235/0305035/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0305035 v1.1 was published. 2025-06-18T18:55:56Z NCEI Accession 0305035 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0305035/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0305035 v1.1 published 2025-06-18T18:55:56Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: prctCvr_HardCoral (measured); Units: percent; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: TagLab Software; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Calculated based on the planar area of coral colonies segmented (i.e., boundaries of live coral tissue) in TagLab software divided by total site area (100m2). Parameter or Variable: prod_HardCoral (calculated); Units: kg CaCO3 m-2 yr-1; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: Rcode; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Calculated based on species-specific linear extension rates, skeletal density, surface area, and coral morphology. Surface area was calculated from the segmented coral polygons overlaid on digital elevation models. Parameter or Variable: prctCvr_CCA (measured); Units: percent; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: Viscore Software; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Calculated based on the number of benthic points annotated as 'CCA' using the Viscore Software. Parameter or Variable: prod_CCA (calculated); Units: kg CaCO3 m-2 yr-1; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: Rcode; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Calculated based on literature-reported calcification rates of CCA and surface area. Surface area was calculated based on percent cover (converted to planar area) and rugosity derived from benthic point annotations. Parameter or Variable: prctCvr_Microborer (measured); Units: percent; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: Viscore Software; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Calculated based on the number of benthic points annotated as ‘calcareous algae’, ‘cyanobacteria’, ‘macro algae’, ‘turf algae’, ‘Halimeda algae’, or ‘bare substrate’ using the Viscore Software. Parameter or Variable: eros_Microborer (calculated); Units: kg CaCO3 m-2 yr-1; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: Rcode; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Microbioerosion calculated based on percent cover of microborers, rugosity, and literature-reported microbioerosion rates. Parameter or Variable: prctCvr_Macroborer (measured); Units: percent; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: Viscore Software; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Calculated based on the number of benthic points annotated as ‘bioeroding sponge’, or ‘encrusting sponge’ using the Viscore Software. Parameter or Variable: eros_Macroborer (calculated); Units: kg CaCO3 m-2 yr-1; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: Rcode; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Macrobioerosion calculated based on percent cover of macroboring sponges, rugosity, and literature-reported, species-specific macrobioerosion rates. Parameter or Variable: prctCvr_SandSediment (measured); Units: percent; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: Viscore Software; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Calculated based on the number of benthic points annotated as ’Sand’ or ‘Sediment’ using the Viscore Software. Parameter or Variable: prctCvr_SoftCoral (measured); Units: percent; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: Viscore Software; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Calculated based on the number of benthic points annotated as ’Soft Coral’ using the Viscore Software. Parameter or Variable: prctCvr_Halimeda (measured); Units: percent; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: Viscore Software; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Calculated based on the number of benthic points annotated as ’Halimeda Algae’ using the Viscore Software. Parameter or Variable: prctCvr_Macroalgae (measured); Units: percent; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: Viscore Software; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Calculated based on the number of benthic points annotated as ’Macroalgae’ using the Viscore Software. Parameter or Variable: prctCvr_TurfAlgae (measured); Units: percent; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: Viscore Software; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Calculated based on the number of benthic points annotated as ’Turf Algae’ using the Viscore Software. Parameter or Variable: eros_Parrotfish (measured); Units: kg CaCO3 m-2 yr-1; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Belt Transect Surveys; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Parrotfish erosion based on field-surveys that measured count, species, and fork length. Parameter or Variable: eros_Urchins (measured); Units: kg CaCO3 m-2 yr-1; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Belt Transect Surveys; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Urchin erosion based on field-surveys that measured count, species, and test size. Parameter or Variable: netProduction (calculated); Units: kg CaCO3 m-2 yr-1; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: Rcode; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Net Carbonate Production of each site calculated as Gross Carbonate Production - Gross Carbonate Erosion. Parameter or Variable: grossProduction (calculated); Units: kg CaCO3 m-2 yr-1; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: Rcode; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Gross Carbonate Production of each site calculated based on the sum of production by hard coral, CCA, and other calcifiers. Parameter or Variable: grossErosion (calculated); Units: kg CaCO3 m-2 yr-1; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: Rcode; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Gross Carbonate Erosion of each site calculated as the sum of all erosion by macroborers, microborers, urchins, and parrotfish. Parameter or Variable: rugosity (calculated); Units: unitless; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: Rcode; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Measured using pixel surface elevation values from digital elevation models. Parameter or Variable: area_Polygon (calculated); Units: m2; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: Rcode; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The planar area (m2) of each coral polygon derived from the coral segmentations data. Parameter or Variable: surfaceArea_Polygon (calculated); Units: m2; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: Rcode; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The surface area (m2) of each coral polygon calculated using pixel surface elevation values from digital elevation models. Parameter or Variable: surfaceAreaCR_Polygon (calculated); Units: m2; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: Rcode; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The corrected surface area (m2) of each coral polygon calculated as planar area * corrected rugosity. Corrected rugosity was measured from total site rugosity and used to correct outlier polygon rugosity values caused by model 'edge effects'. Parameter or Variable: rugosity_Polygon (calculated); Units: unitless; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: Rcode; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Rugosity of each coral polygon calculated as surface area / planar area. Parameter or Variable: rugosityCR_Polygon (calculated); Units: unitless; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: Rcode; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Corrected rugosity (rugosity of the 100m2 plot) used to address outlier polygon rugosity values. Parameter or Variable: pixelTotal_Polygons (calculated); Units: count; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: Rcode; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The total number of pixels within each coral polygon. Model resolution was 0.5mm per pixel. Parameter or Variable: prod_Polygon (calculated); Units: kg CaCO3 m-2 yr-1; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: Rcode; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Coral Production of each polygon calculated based on species-specific linear extension rates, skeletal density, surface area, and coral morphology. Parameter or Variable: prodLower_Polygon (calculated); Units: kg CaCO3 m-2 yr-1; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: Rcode; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Coral Production (lower 95% confidence interval) of each polygon calculated based on species-specific linear extension rates, skeletal density, surface area, and coral morphology. Parameter or Variable: prodUpper_Polygon (calculated); Units: kg CaCO3 m-2 yr-1; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: Rcode; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Coral Production (upper 95% confidence interval) of each polygon calculated based on species-specific linear extension rates, skeletal density, surface area, and coral morphology. Parameter or Variable: prctCvr_Polygon (calculated); Units: percent; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: Rcode; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Percent cover of each coral polygon calculated based on the planar area of the polygon and the area of the entire site. asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian camera camera An instrument for recording images. laboratory analysis laboratory analysis use as an observation type visual observation visual observation not an instrument - maybe an observation type