noaa-recon-6339 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2025-07-10 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Villalba et al. 2003 Southern Andes Temperature Reconstructions 2003-07-01 publication doi:10.25921/rt8f-jc86 noaa-recon-6339 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Ripalta, A. originator Ripalta, A. author Villalba, R. originator Villalba, R. author Lara, A. originator Lara, A. author Wolodarsky-Franke, A. originator Wolodarsky-Franke, A. author Schmelter, A. originator Schmelter, A. author Roig, F.A. originator Roig, F.A. author Aravena, J.C. originator Aravena, J.C. author Delgado, S. originator Delgado, S. author Masiokas, M. originator Masiokas, M. author Boninsegna, J.A. originator Boninsegna, J.A. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Climate Reconstruction. The data include parameters of instrumental with a geographic location of South America. The time period coverage is from 310 to -49 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Records of past temperature, precipitation, and other climate variables derived from paleoclimate proxies. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this data set. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the data set citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-recon.png Paleoclimatology - Climate Reconstruction PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Paleoclimate Reconstructions theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > instrumental earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|instrumental|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > instrumental earth science > paleoclimate > reconstructions theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Air Temperature Reconstruction PAGES 2k Network PAGES LOTRED SA2k theme What: temperature; Material: null What: temperature; Material: null What: age; Material: null What: temperature; Material: null What: temperature; Material: null What: temperature; Material: null What: temperature; Material: null theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Continent > South America > Northern Patagonian Andes > LATITUDE > LONGITUDE Continent > South America > Southern Patagonian Andes > LATITUDE > LONGITUDE place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Ripalta, A.; Villalba, R.; Lara, A.; Wolodarsky-Franke, A.; Schmelter, A.; Roig, F.A.; Aravena, J.C.; Delgado, S.; Masiokas, M.; Boninsegna, J.A. (2003-07-01): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Villalba et al. 2003 Southern Andes Temperature Reconstructions. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/rt8f-jc86. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. Large-Scale Temperature Changes Across the Southern Andes: 20th-Century Variations in the Context of the Past 400 Years 2003 publication Villalba, R., A. Lara, J.A. Boninsegna, M. Masiokas, S. Delgado, J. Aravena, F.A. Roig, A. Schmelter, A. Wolodarsky, and A. Ripalta author Climatic Change publisher https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024452701153 HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 2003 Villalba, R., A. Lara, J.A. Boninsegna, M. Masiokas, S. Delgado, J. Aravena, F.A. Roig, A. Schmelter, A. Wolodarsky, and A. Ripalta, 2003: Large-Scale Temperature Changes Across the Southern Andes: 20th-Century Variations in the Context of the Past 400 Years. Climatic Change, 59, 177-232, 10.1023/A:1024452701153 information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 1640 CE to 1999 CE; Date Range: 310 cal yr BP to -49 cal yr BP; -73.1 -68.3 -54.8 -38.75 1640 1999 STUDY NOTES: Composite tree-ring chronologies from Nothofagus pumilio from upper-treeline were used to reconstruct mean annual temperatures for the northern and southern sectors of the southern Andes from 1640 to the present. The tree-ring chronologies were processed to retain as much low-frequency variance as possible. The resulting reconstructions for the northern and southern sectors of the southern Andes explain 55% and 45% of the temperature variance over the interval 1930–1989.Two tree-ring records from Nothofagus pumilio were selected to reconstruct the past variations in the PC1 pattern associated with the temperature variationsin the northern sector of the southern Andes. These sites are located along an elevational gradient in the Mount Tronador area (41° 09'S, 71°49'W) at 1410 m and 1300 m elevation, respectively. Trees included in the CDL2 chronology were sampled from an old stand of single-stemmed trees at 1500 m elevation on the slopes of Cerro Diego de León (41°12'S). Three records were used to reconstruct the temperature variations in the southern sector of the southern Andes. The CTI-CTM is a composite record of two nearby Nothofagus pumilio chronologies around Lago Cochrane (47° S, 10' S), Chile. CTI and CTM at 1060 and 1100 m elevation, respectively, are located on the western slope of the Andes, and consequently, in wetter sites than the other two records. The AGN-GNV1-2 composite chronology results from the combination of three individual records located within the Río Narvaéz catchment (48° S), ranging between 930 and 990 m elevation. The GBP chronology was developed from Nothofagus pumilio trees growing on the Holocene moraines of Piedras Blancas Glacier at 600–650 m elevation. ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: Long-term trends of temperature variations across the southern Andes (37–55° S) are examined using a combination of instrumental and tree-ring records. A critical appraisal of surface air temperature from station records is presented for southern South America during the 20th century. For the interval 1930–1990, three major patterns in temperature trends are identified. Stations along the Pacific coast between 37 and 43° S are characterized by negative trends in mean annual temperature with a marked cooling period from 1950 to the mid-1970s. A clear warming trend is observed in the southern stations (south of 46°S), which intensifies at higher latitudes. No temperature trends are detected for the stations on the Atlantic coast north of 45° S. In contrast to higher latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere where annual changes in temperature are dominated by winter trends, both positive and negative trends in southern South America are due to mostly changes in summer (December to February) temperatures. Changes in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) around 1976 are felt in summer temperatures at most stations in the Pacific domain, starting a period with increased temperature across the southern Andes and at higher latitudes.Tree-ring records from upper-treeline were used to reconstruct past temperature fluctuations for the two dominant patterns over the southern Andes. These reconstructions extend back to 1640 and are based on composite tree-ring chronologies that were processed to retain as much low-frequency variance as possible. The resulting reconstructions for the northern and southern sectors of the southern Andes explain 55% and 45% ofthe temperature variance over the interval 1930–1989, respectively. Cross-spectral analysis of actual and reconstructed temperatures over the common interval 1930–1989, indicates that most of the explained varianceis at periods >10 years in length. At periods >15 years, the squaredcoherency between actual and reconstructed temperatures ranges between 0.6 and 0.95 for both reconstructions. Consequently, these reconstructions are especially useful for studying multi-decennial temperature variations in the South American sector of the Southern Hemisphere over the past 360 years. As a result, it is possible to show that the temperatures during the 20thcentury have been anomalously warm across the southern Andes. The mean annual temperatures for the northern and southern sectors during the interval 1900–1990 are 0.53 °C and 0.86 °C above the1640–1899 means, respectively. These findings placed the current warming in a longer historical perspective, and add new support for the existence of unprecedented 20th century warming over much of the globe. The rate of temperature increase from 1850 to 1920 was the highest over the past 360 years, a common feature observed in several proxy records from higher latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere.Local temperature regimes are affected by changes in planetary circulation, with in turn are linked to global sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. Therefore, we explored how temperature variations in the southern Andes since 1856 are related to large-scale SSTs on the South Pacific and South Atlantic Oceans. Spatial correlation patterns between the reconstructions and SSTs show that temperature variations in the northern sector of the southern Andes are strongly connected with SST anomalies in the tropical and subtropical Pacific. This spatial correlation pattern resembles the spatial signature of the PDO mode of SST variability over the South Pacific and is connected with the Pacific-South American (PSA) atmospheric pattern in the Southern Hemisphere. In contrast, temperature variations in the southern sector of the southern Andes are significantly correlated with SST anomalies over most of the South Atlantic, and in less degree, over the subtropical Pacific. This spatial correlation field regressed against SST resembles the `Global Warming' mode of SST variability, which in turn, is linked to the leading mode of circulation in the Southern Hemisphere. Certainly, part of the temperature signal present in the reconstructions can be expressed as a linear combination of four orthogonal modes of SST variability. Rotated empirical orthogonal function analysis, performed on SST across the South Pacific and South Atlantic Oceans, indicate that four discrete modes of SST variability explain a third, approximately, of total variance in temperature fluctuations across the southern Andes. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/rt8f-jc86 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/6339 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/climate-reconstruction HTTPS Information NCEI Climate Reconstruction Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/southamerica/patagonia-temperature-south-noaa.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/southamerica/patagonia-temperature-north-noaa.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21