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ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: Large volcanic eruptions may cause abrupt summer cooling over large parts of the globe. However, no comparable imprint has been found on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Here, we introduce a 400-yr-long temperature-sensitive network of 17 tree-ring maximum latewood density sites from the TP that demonstrates that the effects of tropical eruptions on the TP are generally greater than those of extratropical eruptions. Moreover, we found that large tropical eruptions accompanied by subsequent El Nino events caused less summer cooling than those that occurred without El Nino association. Superposed epoch analysis (SEA) based on 27 events, including 14 tropical eruptions and 13 extratropical eruptions, shows that the summer cooling driven by extratropical eruptions is insignificant on the TP, while significant summer temperature decreases occur subsequent to tropical eruptions. Further analysis of the TP August-September temperature responses reveals a significant postvolcanic cooling only when no El Nino event occurred. However, there is no such cooling for all other situations, that is, tropical eruptions together with a subsequent El Nino event, as well as extratropical eruptions regardless of the occurrence of an El Nino event. The averaged August-September temperature deviation (Tdev) following 10 large tropical eruptions without a subsequent El Nino event is up to -0.48 ± 0.19C (with respect to the preceding 5-yr mean), whereas the temperature deviation following 4 large tropical eruptions with an El Nino association is approximately 0.23 ± 0.16C. These results indicate a mitigation effect of El Nino events on the TP temperature response to large tropical eruptions. The possible mechanism is that El Nino events can weaken the Indian summer monsoon with a subsequent decrease in rainfall and cooling effect, which may lead to a relatively high temperature on the TP, one of the regions affected by the Indian summer monsoon.</gco:CharacterString>
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