gov.noaa.nodc:0304892 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-06-08T13:21:36Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Oceanographic and Biological Data From Todos Santos Bay, Baja California, Mexico from 2010-01-15 to 2022-12-15 (NCEI Accession 0304892) 2025-06-16 publication 2025-06-05 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/d94k-6h17 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0304892 NCEI Archive Management System 0304892 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Eliana Gómez Ocampo Autonomous University of Baja California eliana.gomez@gmail.com resourceProvider Autonomous University of Baja California resourceProvider Gómez-Ocampo, Eliana Autonomous University of Baja California eliana.gomez@gmail.com principalInvestigator González-Dávalos, Perla Autonomous University of Baja California pointOfContact Villegas-Mendoza, Josué Autonomous University of Baja California collaborator Ruiz De la Torre, Mary Carmen Autonomous University of Baja California collaborator Gómez-Ocampo, Eliana Autonomous University of Baja California eliana.gomez@gmail.com author González-Dávalos, Perla Autonomous University of Baja California author Villegas-Mendoza, Josué Autonomous University of Baja California author Ruiz De la Torre, Mary Carmen Autonomous University of Baja California author Autonomous University of Baja California contributor tableDigital This dataset integrates satellite, modeled, and in situ oceanographic and biological data from Todos Santos Bay, Baja California, Mexico, within the southern California Current System, spanning 2010–2022. Variables include sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a (CHL), absolute dynamic topography anomalies (ADTa), upwelling indices (Bakun and BEUTI), and in situ phytoplankton abundance and taxonomy. Monthly anomalies were calculated for SST, CHL, ADTa, BEUTI, and Bakun using a 2000–2022 climatological baseline. In situ phytoplankton data were collected on three dates in 2020 and 2021 using the Utermöhl method. The dataset supports studies of physical-biological coupling and climate-driven variability in eastern boundary upwelling systems This dataset was developed to investigate the effects of large-scale climate oscillations—including El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO), and Marine Heatwaves (MHW)—on phytoplankton dynamics and nutrient availability in Todos Santos Bay, Baja California, Mexico. By analyzing anomalies in sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a, upwelling indices (Bakun and BEUTI), and absolute dynamic topography (ADTa) from 2007 to 2022, the goal was to understand how climate-driven ocean variability alters primary productivity and phytoplankton community structure. The dataset supports research on ecosystem response to environmental change and informs adaptive marine resource management under future climate scenarios. Funding Agency: Secretaria de ciencia, humanidades, tecnologías e innovación (SECIHTI) completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0304892 Preview graphic PNG 0304892 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2025-05-20 publication biological data CHLOROPHYLL PHYTOPLANKTON SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE SEA SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY species abundance SPECIES IDENTIFICATION theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS microscope MODIS satellite sensor - altimeter satellite sensor - general SeaWiFS VIIRS instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS biological laboratory analyses model output satellite data theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS Aqua OrbView-2 SNPP Terra platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS Autonomous University of Baja California dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Autonomous University of Baja California dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS North Pacific Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication SECIHTI project MCRuiz-283790 project Provider Project Names EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > PROTISTS > PLANKTON > PHYTOPLANKTON EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CHLOROPHYLL EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SEA SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Absolute dynamic topography anomalies Bakun upwelling index anomalies Chlorophyll-a Anomaly Sea surface temperature monthly mean anomalies The Biologically Effective Upwelling Transport Index (BEUTI) anomalies theme Provider Keywords ALTIMETERS > ALTIMETERS MICROSCOPES > MICROSCOPES MODIS > Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer SeaWiFS > Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor VIIRS > Visible-Infrared Imager-Radiometer Suite instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian ALTIMETERS (TOPEX, JASON-1, ENVISAT, GFO-1), RA CCS Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), nitrate-T-lat empirical model CZCS, OCTS, SeaWiFS, MODIS-Terra, MODIS-Aqua, MERIS, VIIRS-SNPP, OLCI-A, VIIRS-JPSS1, OLCI-B, SGLI FNMOC atmospheric pressure fields, NOAA Bakun algorithm Inverted microscope MODIS, AVHRR, AMSR2, VIIRS, JPL MUR climatology MODIS-Terra, MODIS-Aqua, VIIRS-SNPP, VIIRS-JPSS1 instrument Provider Instruments Aqua > Earth Observing System, Aqua OrbView-2 > Orbital Sciences Corporation OrbView-2 Satellite Suomi-NPP > Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Terra > Earth Observing System, Terra (AM-1) platform Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Aqua (ICES code: 33V4, 2002-2016) OrbView-2 (ICES code: 33QS, 1997-2010) Terra (ICES code: 33XX, 1999-2016) platform ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Southern California Current System place Provider Place Names 5YA8C9 Send2NCEI Submission Package ID accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Gómez-Ocampo, Eliana; González-Dávalos, Perla; Villegas-Mendoza, Josué; Ruiz De la Torre, Mary Carmen (2025). Oceanographic and Biological Data From Todos Santos Bay, Baja California, Mexico from 2010-01-15 to 2022-12-15 (NCEI Accession 0304892). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/d94k-6h17. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. license This dataset has been dedicated to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication. SPDX License: Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (CC0-1.0) Kahru, M., Kudela, R. M., Manzano-Sarabia, M., & Greg Mitchell, B. (2012). Trends in the surface chlorophyll of the California Current: Merging data from multiple ocean color satellites. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 77–80, 89–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.04.007 2012-11 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.04.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.04.007 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.04.007 Related journal article information Kahru, Mati author Kudela, Raphael M. author Manzano-Sarabia, Marlenne author Greg Mitchell, B. author Elsevier BV publisher documentDigital Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 77-80 ISSN 0967-0645, pp. 89-98 crossReference sciencePaper Jacox, M. G., Bograd, S. J., Hazen, E. L., & Fiechter, J. (2015). Sensitivity of the California Current nutrient supply to wind, heat, and remote ocean forcing. Geophysical Research Letters, 42(14), 5950–5957. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl065147 2015-07-24 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl065147 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl065147 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl065147 related journal article information Jacox, Michael G. Institute of Marine Sciences University of California Santa Cruz California USA author Bograd, Steven J. Environmental Research Division Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Monterey California USA author Hazen, Elliott L. Environmental Research Division Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Monterey California USA author Fiechter, Jerome Institute of Marine Sciences University of California Santa Cruz California USA author American Geophysical Union (AGU) publisher documentDigital Geophysical Research Letters 42(14) ISSN 0094-8276, ISSN 1944-8007, pp. 5950-5957 crossReference sciencePaper SSALTO/DUACS AVISO Absolute Dynamic Topography data products 2024 publication https://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/en/data.html HTTPS https://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/en/data.html Satellite Altimetry Data information AVISO+ Satellite Altimetry Data" https://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/en/data.html HTTPS website Institution web page information author AVISO+ Satellite Altimetry Data https://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/en/data.html HTTPS website Institution web page information publisher documentDigital crossReference program NASA Ocean Color 2025 publication https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/ HTTPS https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/ MODIS and VIIRS ocean color data products information Ocean Color" https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/ HTTPS website Institution web page information author NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Ocean Biology Processing Group https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/ HTTPS website Institution web page information publisher documentDigital crossReference program Upwelling Indices for the U.S. West Coast 2018 publication https://mjacox.com/upwelling-indices/ HTTPS https://mjacox.com/upwelling-indices/ Bakun Upwelling Indices for the U.S. West Coast information Bakun upwelling index" https://mjacox.com/upwelling-indices/ HTTPS website Institution web page information author NOAA ERD https://mjacox.com/upwelling-indices/ HTTPS website Institution web page information publisher documentDigital crossReference program NASA/JPL. (2015). GHRSST Level 4 MUR Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis (v4.1) [Data set]. NASA Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center. https://doi.org/10.5067/ghgmr-4fj04 2015 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.5067/ghgmr-4fj04 https://doi.org/10.5067/ghgmr-4fj04 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.5067/ghgmr-4fj04 related dataset information NASA/JPL author NASA Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center publisher tableDigital crossReference sciencePaper Utermöhl, H. (1958). Zur Vervollkommnung der quantitativen Phytoplankton-Methodik. SIL Communications, 1953-1996, 9(1), 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/05384680.1958.11904091 1958-01 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1080/05384680.1958.11904091 https://doi.org/10.1080/05384680.1958.11904091 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1080/05384680.1958.11904091 related journal article information Utermöhl, Hans Aus der Hydrobiologisdien Anstalt der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Plön in Holstein author Informa UK Limited publisher documentDigital SIL Communications, 1953-1996 9(1) ISSN 0538-4680, pp. 1-38 crossReference sciencePaper Bakun, A. (1973). Coastal upwelling indices, west coast of North America, 1946–71. NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF-671 1973 publication https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/9041 https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/9041 HTTPS https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/9041 related journal article information Bakun, Andrew author United States, National Marine Fisheries Service publisher documentDigital NOAA technical report NMFS SSRF 671 crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA utf8 environment oceans geoscientificInformation biota -116.85 -116.6 31.7 31.9 2010-01-15 2022-12-15 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. CSV Excel 0.244 https://doi.org/10.25921/d94k-6h17 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/304892 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/304892 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0232/0304892/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0304892 v1.1 was published. 2025-06-16T17:01:24Z NCEI Accession 0304892 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0304892/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0304892 v1.1 published 2025-06-16T17:01:24Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: PHYTOPLANKTON (measured); Units: Cell/L; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: Inverted microscope; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Phytoplankton quantification was carried out using the Utermöhl method with an inverted microscope (Leica DMS) and a 50 ml sedimentation chamber. Samples were collected on November 18, 2020; September 24, 2020; and March 24, 2021, using a vertical tow net with a 20 μm mesh size at a depth of 2 m. Upon retrieval, the net contents were filtered and transferred into bottles containing a 4% Lugol solution for preservation until analysis. During the quantification process, three phytoplankton groups were identified: diatoms, dinoflagellates, and silicoflagellates. Parameter or Variable: SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE (measured); Units: ºC; Observation Category: satellite; Sampling Instrument: MODIS-Terra, MODIS-Aqua, VIIRS-SNPP, VIIRS-JPSS1; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data were obtained and averaged from monthly merged satellite Wimsoft products with 1 km spatial resolution for the Bahía de Todos Santos, Ensenada, Baja California. Data were composited from MODIS-Terra, MODIS-Aqua, VIIRS-SNPP, and VIIRS-JPSS1 standard products.; Data Quality Method: Quality control includes filtering of invalid pixel values (0 and 255), visual inspection of merged images, and use of standard products reprocessed for sensor intercalibration. Data are considered reliable due to multiple reprocessing cycles and validation of standard satellite products by the respective agencies (NASA/NOAA). Parameter or Variable: CHLOROPHYLL (measured); Units: mg m⁻³; Observation Category: satellite; Sampling Instrument: CZCS, OCTS, SeaWiFS, MODIS-Terra, MODIS-Aqua, MERIS, VIIRS-SNPP, OLCI-A, VIIRS-JPSS1, OLCI-B, SGLI; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) data were extracted and averaged from Wimsoft products with 1 km spatial resolution at Bahía Todos Santos, Ensenada, Baja California.; Data Quality Method: Quality control includes removal of invalid pixel values (0 and 255), multi-sensor merging to increase spatial-temporal coverage, and use of reprocessed standard satellite products from multiple agencies. Original merging algorithms (Kahru et al. 2012) were simplified after confirming consistency across sensors. Data reliability is supported by routine validation and sensor intercalibration by NASA, NOAA, ESA, and JAXA. Parameter or Variable: Sea surface temperature monthly mean anomalies (calculated); Units: ºC; Observation Category: satellite; Sampling Instrument: MODIS, AVHRR, AMSR2, VIIRS, JPL MUR climatology; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The SST anomaly data represent the difference between daily sea surface temperature (SST) values and a long-term climatological average (2003–2014), based on the JPL MUR SST product. Anomalies are computed using daily MUR SST fields derived from multiple satellite sensors (MODIS, AVHRR, AMSR2, VIIRS) and interpolated using the Multi-Resolution Variational Analysis (MRVA) method. The data are gridded at a spatial resolution of 1 km and provided in multiple formats via ERDDAP. For this dataset, SST anomalies were averaged over the Todos Santos Bay, Baja California, Mexico.; Data Quality Method: The anomaly fields are generated by subtracting the JPL MUR SST climatology (2003–2014) from daily SST values. Input data are subject to quality control protocols from NASA’s MEaSUREs MUR project, including filtering of invalid pixels, multi-sensor merging, and interpolation techniques. All data follow CF metadata conventions and are accessible via ERDDAP with tools for visualization and validation. Parameter or Variable: Bakun upwelling index anomalies (calculated); Units: m³ s⁻¹ per 100 m coastline; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: FNMOC atmospheric pressure fields, NOAA Bakun algorithm; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The Bakun upwelling index provides an estimate of offshore Ekman transport as a proxy for wind-driven coastal upwelling. It is calculated using sea-level pressure fields from the U.S. Navy’s Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (FNMOC), from which geostrophic winds are derived and corrected for surface friction to estimate surface wind stress. The alongshore wind stress component is used to compute offshore Ekman transport following Bakun (1973) and Schwing et al. (1996). For this study, monthly values were obtained from 6-hourly pressure fields at 30°N and 33°N, bracketing the study site at 31.8°N. Monthly anomalies for the 2010–2022 period were calculated by subtracting the corresponding monthly climatological mean for 2000–2022.; Data Quality Method: The index incorporates simplifications from classical Ekman theory and is limited by the spatial resolution and accuracy of atmospheric pressure fields. We used the version of the Bakun index calculated with 6-hourly fields and wind-speed dependent drag coefficients. Values are subject to biases, especially south of 33°N, and should be interpreted as indicative of relative variability rather than absolute upwelling strength. Parameter or Variable: The Biologically Effective Upwelling Transport Index (BEUTI) anomalies (calculated); Units: mmol NO₃ m⁻² s⁻¹; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: CCS Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), nitrate-T-lat empirical model; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The Biologically Effective Upwelling Transport Index (BEUTI) quantifies the vertical flux of nitrate into the surface mixed layer and is calculated as the product of the Coastal Upwelling Transport Index (CUTI) and the nitrate concentration at the base of the mixed layer. CUTI is derived from data-assimilative regional ocean model output (CCS ROMS) and combines Ekman and geostrophic transport components. Subsurface nitrate is estimated empirically using modeled temperature and latitude, based on a relationship that captures over 90% of observed variance in historical nitrate data. For this study, BEUTI values were spatially averaged over Todos Santos Bay, Baja California. Monthly anomalies for the 2010–2022 period were calculated by contrasting observed values with the 2000–2022 monthly climatological mean.; Data Quality Method: BEUTI is derived from high-resolution data-assimilative ocean reanalysis (CCS ROMS) spanning 1988 to the present. Temperature and salinity data are assimilated with satellite SST and SSH. The nitrate estimation model captures over 90% of variance in historical observations. Despite potential nonstationarity in the nitrate-temperature relationship, BEUTI provides a robust indicator of nutrient supply to the euphotic zone. Vertical nitrate flux values are validated against seasonal climatologies and regional nutrient profiles. Parameter or Variable: Absolute dynamic topography anomalies (calculated); Units: cm; Observation Category: satellite; Sampling Instrument: ALTIMETERS (TOPEX, JASON-1, ENVISAT, GFO-1), RA; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Absolute Dynamic Topography represents deviations from the mean sea surface height above the geoid, obtained from satellite altimetry. Data were sourced from the SSALTO/DUACS system distributed by AVISO (Archiving, Validation, and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic Data), using multi-mission altimeter observations from TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, Envisat, and GFO-1. The ADTa values are derived by combining Sea Level Anomalies (SLA) with the mean dynamic topography (MDT Rio05) and provided in delayed-mode NetCDF format. For this study, the ADTa time series correspond to the AVISO grid point closest to the IMECOCAL 100.30 station, located offshore of Todos Santos Bay, Baja California. Monthly anomalies for the period 2010–2022 were calculated by subtracting the corresponding monthly climatological mean (2000–2022).; Data Quality Method: ADT data were produced using the SSALTO/DUACS altimeter processing system, which applies cross-calibration, orbit corrections, tide and atmospheric pressure corrections, and consistent referencing across satellite missions. The data are distributed in delayed-time mode to ensure consistency and accuracy, and are homogenized across platforms including TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, Envisat, and GFO-1. Quality flags in the NetCDF files indicate valid and suspect data. Near-coastal data are subject to increased uncertainty due to lower spatial resolution and possible land contamination; therefore, analyses in this study focused on offshore regions. The dataset adheres to AVISO validation protocols and is used in global circulation analyses and climate monitoring applications. Parameter or Variable: Chlorophyll-a Anomaly (calculated); Units: mg m⁻³; Observation Category: satellite; Sampling Instrument: CZCS, OCTS, SeaWiFS, MODIS-Terra, MODIS-Aqua, MERIS, VIIRS-SNPP, OLCI-A, VIIRS-JPSS1, OLCI-B, SGLI; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Chlorophyll-a (CHL) data were obtained from merged satellite ocean color Wimsoft products at 1 km spatial resolution, combining standard products from CZCS, OCTS, SeaWiFS, MODIS-Terra, MODIS-Aqua, MERIS, VIIRS-SNPP, OLCI-A, VIIRS-JPSS1, OLCI-B, and SGLI. Data are provided as monthly composites derived from daily observations using standardized NASA ocean color processing. For this study, chlorophyll-a anomalies were calculated by subtracting the long-term monthly climatological mean (2000–2022) from each monthly value during the period 2010–2022. Anomalies were spatially averaged over Todos Santos Bay, Baja California.; Data Quality Method: The chlorophyll-a dataset was generated using standard multi-sensor satellite products reprocessed and distributed by international ocean color programs (e.g., NASA, ESA, JAXA). Data were obtained from high-quality sources including MODIS, VIIRS, SeaWiFS, MERIS, and OLCI sensors, and merged to produce consistent time series with 1 km spatial resolution. Data are subject to atmospheric correction, sensor cross-calibration, and quality screening. Monthly composites exclude low-quality or cloud-contaminated pixels. Anomalies were calculated using long-term monthly climatological means (2000–2022), and follow the same quality control and anomaly detection methodology as other variables in the study. Only valid ocean pixels within the defined study region were included in the spatial averaging over Todos Santos Bay. asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian microscope microscope instrument is used in lab analyses A microscope is an instrument used to see objects that are too small for the naked eye. MODIS MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer MODIS (or Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) is a key instrument aboard the Terra (EOS AM) and Aqua (EOS PM) satellites. Terra's orbit around the Earth is timed so that it passes from north to south across the equator in the morning, while Aqua passes south to north over the equator in the afternoon. Terra MODIS and Aqua MODIS are viewing the entire Earth's surface every 1 to 2 days, acquiring data in 36 spectral bands, or groups of wavelengths (see MODIS Technical Specifications). MODIS Technical Specifications Orbit: 705 km, 10:30 a.m. descending node (Terra) or 1:30 p.m. ascending node (Aqua), sun-synchronous, near-polar, circular Scan Rate: 20.3 rpm, cross track Swath Dimensions: 2330 km (cross track) by 10 km (along track at nadir) Telescope: 17.78 cm diam. off-axis, afocal (collimated), with intermediate field stop Size: 1.0 x 1.6 x 1.0 m Weight: 228.7 kg Power: 162.5 W (single orbit average) Data Rate: 10.6 Mbps (peak daytime); 6.1 Mbps (orbital average) Quantization: 12 bits Spatial Resolution: 250 m (bands 1-2); 500 m (bands 3-7); 1000 m (bands 8-36) Design Life: 6 years (From: http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/about/index.html) satellite sensor - altimeter satellite sensor - altimeter satellite sensor - altimeter satellite sensor - general satellite sensor - general A generic class used for unknown satellite sensor type, or datasets consisting of blended, merged, or otherwise mixed observations from multiple satellite sensor types SeaWiFS SeaWiFS Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor The purpose of the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) Project is to provide quantitative data on global ocean bio-optical properties to the Earth science community. Subtle changes in ocean color signify various types and quantities of marine phytoplankton (microscopic marine plants), the knowledge of which has both scientific and practical applications. The SeaWiFS Project will develop and operate a research data system that will process, calibrate, validate, archive and distribute data received from an Earth-orbiting ocean color sensor. The SeaStar spacecraft, developed by OSC, carries the SeaWiFS instrument and was launched to low Earth orbit on board an extended Pegasus launch vehicle on August 1, 1997. The SeaWiFS instrument will be the only scientific payload on the SeaStar spacecraft. OSC has the sole responsibility for the development, launch, and command and control of the satellite. The development of the SeaWiFS instrument was subcontracted to Hughes/SBRC, but OSC maintains ultimate responsibility for the instrument. The SeaWiFS instrument consists of an optical scanner and an electronics module. (From: http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/SeaWiFS/BACKGROUND/SEAWIFS_BACKGROUND.html) VIIRS VIIRS Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite A scanning radiometer that collects visible and infrared imagery and radiometric measurements of the land, atmosphere, cryosphere, and oceans. Additonal Information: http://www.class.ncdc.noaa.gov/saa/products/search?datatype_family=VIIRS Aqua Updated information from ICES for the Name : Aqua Country(s) : UNITED STATES(US) (ISO Country Code) Platform Class : 65 Orbiting satellite Commissioned Date : 2002-05-04 Decommissioned Date : 2016 Notes : 2nd flight unit of the EOS programme. Main mission is demonstration of advanced sensors for operational meteorology. Information Sources: - http://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/79 Confirmed by NOAA on 2018-08-0 Instruments: AMSR-E et al NSSDCA/COSPAR ID: 2002-022A OrbView-2 Updated information from ICES for the platform OrbView-2 from UNITED STATES. Name OrbView-2 Country(s) US: UNITED STATES Platform Class 65: Orbiting satellite Commissioned Date 1997 Decommissioned Date 2010 Notes - OIC USA Ocean Imaging satellite. Formerly known as SeaStar. Previous Name SeaStar Information Source (URL) - http://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/395 Confirmed by NOAA on 2018-08-08. OTHER INFORMATION: https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/395 Launched in 1997, OrbView-2 (originally named SeaStar) was the first commercial satellite to provide daily color images of the Earth. Under a unique arrangement with NASA, Orbital designed and built the OrbView-2 satellite, integrating its SeaWiFS sensor. Upon its successful launch, operations of the satellite were handed over to ORBIMAGE (now known as GeoEye) which manages the spacecraft and distributes its data for commercial use. Under a data buy arrangement, NASA procured OrbView-2 SeaWiFS data for scientific research from 1997 through 2004. SNPP The NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) was renamed to Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) in honor of Verner E. Suomi, University of Wisconsin meteorologist, widely recognized as the "Father of Satellite Meteorology." Suomi NPP is the first next generation polar-orbiting satellite in the JPSS series, and is considered the bridge between NOAA's legacy polar satellite fleet, NASA's Earth observing missions and JPSS constellation. Launched in October 2011, Suomi NPP boasts five state-of-the-art instruments: (1) VIIRS, (2) CrIS, (3) ATMS, (4) OMPS, and (5) CERES FM5— which will be the similar instruments carried on JPSS-1. It has design life of five years and was launched with a Delta-II Mission Launch Vehicle from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. Additional Information: https://www.ospo.noaa.gov/Operations/SNPP/status.html https://space.oscar.wmo.int/satellites/view/snpp http://www.jpss.noaa.gov/satellites.html#SNPP Terra Updated information from ICES for the platform TERRA from UNITED STATES. Name Terra Country(s) US: UNITED STATES Platform Class 65: Orbiting satellite Commissioned Date 1999 Decommissioned Date 2016 Notes - Operational NASA Earth Observing System Satellite. Information Source (URL) - http://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/81 Confirmed by NOAA on 2018-08-08. OTHER INFORMATION: Instruments: MODIS et al NSSDCA/COSPAR ID: 1999-068A