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        <gco:CharacterString>To contribute to messaging and management that advances wildlife conservation and responsible stewardship of interfacing human and marine ecosystems, a multi-disciplinary research team led by Salem State University in collaboration University of Massachusetts-Boston, Center for Coastal Studies, Cape Cod Commercial Fishermen’s Alliance, Center for Animals and Public Policy of the Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, and Atlantic White Shark Conservancy and funded by Woods Hole Sea Grant surveyed Cape Cod residents, commercial fishers, and tourists on their views of seals and white sharks. The questionnaires for all three surveys include variables on 1) beliefs about the impact of seals and sharks on the ecosystem, fisheries, public safety, and tourism; 2) knowledge about seal and sharks; 3) attitudes toward seal and shark conflict mitigation strategies; 4) attitudes toward seal rescue and marine mammal and shark protections; 5) participation in wildlife, beach and ocean activities, including saltwater fishing participation; and 6) demographics and self-selected group affiliation.

Surveys were administered in summer 2021. Registered voter lists were used as a sampling frame for residents. Lists of 183,614 registered voters were obtained from town clerks in each of the 15 towns on Cape Cod. A systematic random sample of 1,793 voters, stratified by town, was drawn from voter lists. The Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries list of 1,761 Barnstable County commercial fishery permit holders served as the sampling frame for commercial fishers. Where more than one permit holder resided in the same household or shared an email address, one person per household and per email address was randomly selected. Voter and commercial fisher samples were cross-checked for duplicates, and names occurring on both lists were removed from the voter list. The survey was sent to 1,456 commercial fisher permit holders, which represented 83% of the population of permit holders. Using multi-stage sampling design, a sample of 1,074 non-resident visitors to Cape Cod was recruited at Cape Cod National Seashore Beaches (Nauset Light, Coast Guard, Marconi, Head of the Meadow, Herring Cove, Race Point). Non-resident beach visitors (&gt; 18 years) were intercepted and invited to sign-up to receive the survey to complete at a later date. A common survey instrument was distributed to the three samples following the Dillman et al. 5-contact method. Participants were able to complete the survey by mail or through Qualtrics, an online survey platform.

Completed surveys were received from 547 residents (response rate = 32%), 564 commercial fishers (response rate = 39%), and 699 tourists (response rate = 68%) between June and September 2021. The data set includes data on 394 variables and 1810 cases.</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>The goals of the Human Dimensions of Rebounding Populations of Seals and White Sharks on Cape Cod study were to conduct a collaborative research project to generate knowledge about multiple stakeholder views of and experiences with seals and sharks and to implement a research-based engagement plan to inform the public and enable managers, policy makers, and non-governmental organizations in order to foster coexistence, enhance public safety, and mitigate conflicts. We identified six objectives to achieve the goal:

To measure knowledge and beliefs of Cape Cod stakeholders (i.e. residents, tourists, and commercial fishers) about seals, sharks, and species management through social science surveys;

To identify similarities and differences among stakeholders in attitudes toward seals, sharks and management of these species;

To gain an understanding of how different stakeholder groups perceive the benefits and costs of seal and shark protection and management;

To determine the contributions of knowledge, beliefs, stakeholder identity, and demographics to attitudes toward seals, sharks and their management;

To develop and implement research-based communication and public education strategies in order to enhance public safety, coexistence, and conservation of seals and sharks; and

To inform non-governmental organizations, policy makers, and managers of stakeholder attitudes, preferences and priorities for management and future research.</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Funding Agency: Woods Hole Sea Grant</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Funding Agency: Salem State University</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Funding Agency: Elizabeth Lawerence Endowed Fund Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP).</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="download">download</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Social Science Survey (measured); 
Units: Not Applicable; 
Observation Category: in situ; 
Sampling Instrument: questionnaires; 
Sampling and Analyzing Method: Registered voter lists were used as a sampling frame for residents. Lists of 183,614 registered voters were obtained from town clerks in each of the 15 towns on Cape Cod. A systematic random sample of 1,793 voters, stratified by town, was drawn from voter lists. The Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries list of 1,761 Barnstable County commercial fishery permit holders served as the sampling frame for commercial fishers. Where more than one permit holder resided in the same household or shared an email address, one person per household and per email address was randomly selected. Voter and commercial fisher samples were cross-checked for duplicates, and names occurring on both lists were removed from the voter list. The survey was sent to 1,456 commercial fisher permit holders, which represented 83% of the population of permit holders. Using multi-stage sampling design, a sample of 1,074 non-resident visitors to Cape Cod was recruited at Cape Cod National Seashore Beaches (Nauset Light, Coast Guard, Marconi, Head of the Meadow, Herring Cove, Race Point). Non-resident beach visitors (&gt; 18 years) were intercepted and invited to sign-up to receive the survey to complete at a later date. A common survey instrument was distributed to the three samples following the Dillman et al. 5-contact method. Participants were able to complete the survey by mail or through Qualtrics, an online survey platform. Data were analyzed using SPSS, Version 29.; 
Data Quality Method: Non-response bias checks were conducted on the three samples. In the resident sample, the proportions of respondents identifying as women (53%) and men (46%) mirrored the 2020 U.S. Census gender balance for &gt;18 year olds on Cape Cod. Non-response bias checks between respondents and non-respondents found that residents older than 65 years (χ2 = 55.107, df=3, p &lt;.001) and residents in the Lower Cape Region (χ2 = 14.692, df=2, p &lt; .001) were over-represented. To correct for this over-representation, resident data were weighted by voter population age and regional distribution. For the commercial fisher sample, non-response bias checks found no differences between respondents and non-respondents in regional distribution on Cape Cod (χ2 = 5.58, df = 2, P = .061), or between respondents and the permit holder population in distribution of fishery endorsements held. For the tourist sample, non-response bias checks determined no bias resulting from the location of beach recruitment (χ2 = 1.49, df = 5, P = .915)</gco:CharacterString>
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