noaa-other-12402 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2024-04-08 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - A Bayesian ANOVA Scheme for Calculating Climate Anomalies 2012-01-17 publication doi:10.25921/d2sb-w221 noaa-other-12402 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Tingley, M.P. originator Tingley, M.P. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Other Collections. The data include parameters of others with a geographic location of Global. The time period coverage is from -11 to -40 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Data of past climate and environment derived from unusual proxy evidence. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this data set. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the data set citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-other.png Paleoclimatology - Other Collections PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Paleoclimate Reconstructions theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > others theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Geographic Region > Global > Global > LATITUDE > LONGITUDE place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Tingley, M.P. (2012-01-17): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - A Bayesian ANOVA Scheme for Calculating Climate Anomalies. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/d2sb-w221. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. A Bayesian ANOVA Scheme for Calculating Climate Anomalies, with Applications to the Instrumental Temperature Record 2012 publication Tingley, M.P. author Journal of Climate publisher https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00008.1 HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 2012 Tingley, M.P., 2012: A Bayesian ANOVA Scheme for Calculating Climate Anomalies, with Applications to the Instrumental Temperature Record. Journal of Climate, 25, 777-791, 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00008.1 information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 1961 CE to 1990 CE; Date Range: -11 cal yr BP to -40 cal yr BP; -180 180 -90 90 1961 1990 STUDY NOTES: Matlab code for two-factor (location and year) analysis-of-variance model for the calculation of climate anomalies, in which the reference interval is specified as the full length of the dataset. This scheme avoids the affects of shorter (e.g. 1961-1990) reference intervals on the temporal evolution of the spatial standard deviation of climate anomalies. Data and code associated with M.P. Tingley Journal of Climate 25:777 File and folders are as follows: Demo_code_package Matlab files to implement the Bayesian model. See associated ReadMe.rtf file for details. Generate_Figures_2_and_3.m Generate_Figure_4.m Matlab files to generate Figures 2, 3 and 4 from the paper. CRU_Anomalies CRU_Lats_Lons CRU_Years Initial data files. Each entry of CRU_Anomalies corresponds to the average of the CRU monthly anomalies (from 1961-199) at a particular year and location. The rows are years, given by CRU_Years, and the columns locations, given by CRU_Lats_Lons. Location_effects_delta_5_50_95 Year_effects_mu_5_50_95 The 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles of the posterior draws of the Location and Year effects. The locations corresponding to the rows of Location_effects_delta_5_50_95 are given by the rows of CRU_Lats_Lons, while the years corresponding to the rows of Year_effects_mu_5_50_95 are given by CRU_Years. The three percentiles of the year and location effects are used to create Figure 6. Scalar_Draws 5000 draws of the scalar parameters. Columns are (gamma, sigma^2, sigma^2_mu, sigma^2_delta). Histograms of these draws will produce Figure 7. Means_Original_Post_5_50_95 StandDevs_Orignal_Post_5_50_95 Left column is the mean (standard deviation) time series of the original data (X from the paper). Second through fourth columns are the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles of the mean (standard deviation) time series of the adjusted data (Y from the paper). These data sets are used to create Figures 8&9. Spatial_Mean_1961_1990_5_50_95 Spatial_Mean_1850_2009_5_50_95 Spatial_Mean_1961_1990_Smoothed_5_50_95 Spatial_Mean_1850_2009_Smoothed_5_50_95 The 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles of the posterior draws of the spatial mean time series estimated from BARCAST. The years indicate the reference interval used to calculate the anomalies, with 1961-1990 being the original CRU data set. 'Smoothed' indicates that each draw has been temporally smoothed prior to calculating percentiles. Note that temporal means of the draws were removed prior to forming percentiles (see text). These data sets are used to create the panels (a) and (b) of Figure 10. Spatial_Mean_Smoothed_difference_5_50_95 The 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles of the difference between the posterior draws of the spatial mean time series estimated from BARCAST, using the anomalies from each of the two reference intervals. Note that the 90% uncertainty interval for the effect of the reference interval on the spatial mean temperature change over the last 160 years is calculated from the actual draws of the difference, not the percentiles. For each draw of the time series of difference, the difference between year 2005 and 1866 is calculated, and percentiles calculated from the resulting distribution. Anomalies_1850_2009_5th Anomalies_1850_2009_50th Anomalies_1850_2009_95th The 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles of the anomalies with respect to 1850--2009. These matrices have the same missing data pattern as CRU_Anomalies. Please contact the author if your application requires the actual posterior draws of the anomaly field, rather then the percentiles. ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: Climate datasets with both spatial and temporal components are often studied after removing from each time series a temporal mean calculated over a common reference interval, which is generally shorter than theoverall length of the dataset. The use of a short reference interval affects the temporal properties of the variability across the records, by reducing the standard deviation within the reference interval and inflating it elsewhere. For an annually averaged version of the Climate Research Unit's (CRU) temperature anomaly product, the mean standard deviation is 0.67°C within the 1961-90 reference interval, and 0.81°C elsewhere. The calculation of anomalies can be interpreted in terms of a two-factor analysis of variance model. Within a Bayesian inference framework, any missing values are viewed as additional parameters, and the reference interval is specified as the full length of the dataset. This Bayesian scheme is used to re-express the CRU dataset as anomalies with respect to means calculated over the entire 1850-2009 interval spanned by the dataset. The mean standard deviation is increased to 0.69°C within the original 1961-90 reference interval, and reduced to 0.76°C elsewhere. The choice of reference interval thus has a predictable and demonstrable effect on the second spatial moment time series of the CRU dataset. The spatial mean time series is in this case largely unaffected: the amplitude of spatial mean temperature change is reduced by 0.1°C when using the 1850-2009 reference interval, while the 90% uncertainty interval of (-0.03, 0.23) indicates that the reduction is not statistically significant. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/d2sb-w221 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/12402 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/other-collections HTTPS Information NCEI Other Collections Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/softlib/anova/ HTTPS Download /softlib/anova/ Data Folder download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21