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        <gco:CharacterString>Pacific salmon are an important cultural, commercial, and biological resource for countries of the
North Pacific rim. The geographic distribution of these salmon spans the North Pacific Ocean
(NPO), where they occupy a variety of ecosystems and water masses throughout their ocean life
history phase. There are significant gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate
distribution, productivity/survival in coastal and high seas environments. These gaps hamper our
ability to usefully inform management decisions related to fisheries and habitat across
freshwater, coastal and high seas ecosystems.
As a changing climate and associated anomalous events in the large marine ecosystems of the
NPO progressively expose Pacific salmon to conditions that are outside the "normal" climate
cycles, society will confront new resource management issues. These include the future of the
cultures and subsistence lifestyles of local Indigenous communities, potential impacts of
industrial activities (e.g., commercial fishing), potential changes to regional ocean carrying
capacity, and resilience of North Pacific marine ecosystems. In addition, the growing threat of
illegal, unreported, and unregulated high seas fishing and the recovery of salmon populations
listed under the US Endangered Species Act and Canadian Species at Risk Act has increased the
need for timely advice about salmon distribution.
An international effort is required to detect and monitor changes in salmon and their ecosystem
because stocks from all major salmon States of origin are distributed in the NPO. Salmon
originate in producer nations’ rivers migrate through the exclusive economic zones of coastal
states and intermingle in the high seas. In response to this need, the NPAFC, with partners and
collaborating scientists in academia, NGOs and the private sector, is conducting an ambitious
high seas research expedition with up to five research vessels surveying the full breadth of the
NPO in late winter 2022. The expedition will test a collaborative research framework to better
understand the mechanisms and processes that regulate the distribution and abundance of Pacific
salmon and steelhead trout; to promote sustainable populations of anadromous populations in the
NPO; to allow for better forecasts of salmon production trends in the future; and to enhance the
sustainable fisheries management, food security, and economic security in salmon States.</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Climate change is exposing Pacific salmon to conditions outside of past norms and there are
significant gaps in our understanding of expected outcomes, especially during their migrations
through the North Pacific Ocean. In response to this need, the North Pacific Anadromous Fish
Commission (NPAFC), with partners in government, academia, NGOs, and the private sector,
will conduct an ambitious high seas research expedition with up to four vessels (three trawlers,
one gillnet vessel) to survey the full breadth of the North Pacific Ocean in late winter 2022. The
overall objective of the expedition is to demonstrate the utility of an international pan-Pacific
winter ecosystem survey to understand how increasingly extreme climate variability in the North
Pacific Ocean and the associated changes in the physical environment influence the abundance,
distribution, migration, growth, fitness and survival of Pacific salmon and surrounding species.
The research will build upon past marine surveys by NPAFC member countries as well as the
2019 and 2020 International Gulf of Alaska Expeditions and is a signature project of the
NPAFC’s International Year of the Salmon initiative (2018–2022). This document outlines the
planned surveys and protocols that will be used on each of the vessels and was developed by a
team consisting of experts from NPAFC member countries. A wide array of data and samples
will be collected to study the ecology of salmon wintering in the North Pacific Ocean and all
data will be made publicly available.</gco:CharacterString>
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      <gmd:resourceMaintenance>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Earth Science &gt; Biosphere &gt; Ecosystems &gt; Marine Ecosystems</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Earth Science &gt; Biosphere &gt; Ecosystems &gt; Aquatic Ecosystems</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:thesaurusName xlink:title="GCMD Science Keywords">
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              <gmd:date>
                <gmd:CI_Date>
                  <gmd:date>
                    <gco:Date>2020-01-09</gco:Date>
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                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                          <gmd:linkage>
                            <gmd:URL>https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords</gmd:URL>
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                          </gmd:description>
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                <gco:CharacterString>International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) Sea Area ("Limits of Oceans and Seas" publication S-23)</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:Date>2010-08-24</gco:Date>
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                    <gco:Date>2020-01-09</gco:Date>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Vertical Location &gt; Water Column</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:Date>2020-01-09</gco:Date>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>vladimir.polyanichko@tinro-center.ru</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:electronicMailAddress>
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                      </gmd:address>
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                  </gmd:contactInfo>
                  <gmd:role>
                    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="http://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="principalInvestigator">principalInvestigator</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
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                </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
              </gmd:processor>
            </gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
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        </gmd:LI_Lineage>
      </gmd:lineage>
    </gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
  </gmd:dataQualityInfo>
  <gmi:acquisitionInformation>
    <gmi:MI_AcquisitionInformation>
      <gmi:instrument xlink:title="EK60">
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                <gco:CharacterString>Simrad EK60 Echosounder</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
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                  <gmd:code>
                    <gco:CharacterString>EK60</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>Simrad - Kongsberg Maritime AS</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gmd:CI_Contact>
                      <gmd:phone>
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                          <gmd:voice>
                            <gco:CharacterString>+47 3303 4000 (Norway)</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:voice>
                          <gmd:facsimile>
                            <gco:CharacterString>+47 3304 2987 (Norway)</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:facsimile>
                        </gmd:CI_Telephone>
                      </gmd:phone>
                      <gmd:address>
                        <gmd:CI_Address>
                          <gmd:deliveryPoint>
                            <gco:CharacterString>P.O. Box 111</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:deliveryPoint>
                          <gmd:deliveryPoint>
                            <gco:CharacterString>Strandpromenaden 50</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:deliveryPoint>
                          <gmd:city>
                            <gco:CharacterString>Horten</gco:CharacterString>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>3191</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:postalCode>
                          <gmd:country>
                            <gco:CharacterString>Norway</gco:CharacterString>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>contact@simrad.com</gco:CharacterString>
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                </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
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            </gmd:CI_Citation>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Simrad EK60</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>singlebeam</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>The Simrad EK60 Scientific Sounder system is a new generation fishery researchtool, based on experience from the EK500. The new electronic hardware is combined with up to date PC processing and Windows operation. The EK60 provides facilities for accurate echo sounding, data storage, data analysis and reporting results. The system communication is through Ethernet, which gives flexibility in the location of the EK60 system units and allows easy access to data from other instruments or stations on a vessel network. A post processing software, BI60, is also included in the EK60 system.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:operation>
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            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>IYSTINRO22_EK60</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:status>
            <gmd:MD_ProgressCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_ProgressCode" codeListValue="completed">completed</gmd:MD_ProgressCode>
          </gmi:status>
          <gmi:parentOperation gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
        </gmi:MI_Operation>
      </gmi:operation>
      <gmi:platform xlink:title="TINRO">
        <gmi:MI_Platform xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmi http://ngdc.noaa.gov/metadata/published/xsd/schema.xsd" uuid="97bcc9b2-5a49-4725-a716-ec70acd3c7c9">
          <gmi:citation>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>TINRO</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date>
                <gmd:CI_Date>
                  <gmd:date>
                    <gco:Date>2024-02-15</gco:Date>
                  </gmd:date>
                  <gmd:dateType>
                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeListValue="creation" codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode">creation</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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                </gmd:CI_Date>
              </gmd:date>
            </gmd:CI_Citation>
          </gmi:citation>
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>R/V TINRO</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>The R/V TINRO is one of Russia�s flagship scientific fishery vessels. The name is an abbreviation for the Pacific Scientific Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (TINRO in Russian). Since being launched in 1987, the vessel has been involved in over 100 expeditions lasting anywhere between 2 and 4 months.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
          <gmi:instrument>
            <gmi:MI_Instrument>
              <gmi:identifier>
                <gmd:MD_Identifier>
                  <gmd:code>
                    <gco:CharacterString />
                  </gmd:code>
                </gmd:MD_Identifier>
              </gmi:identifier>
              <gmi:type>
                <gco:CharacterString />
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              <gmi:description>
                <gco:CharacterString />
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          </gmi:instrument>
        </gmi:MI_Platform>
      </gmi:platform>
    </gmi:MI_AcquisitionInformation>
  </gmi:acquisitionInformation>
</gmi:MI_Metadata>