gov.noaa.nodc:0162204 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-07-23T13:01:38Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide, temperature, salinity and other variables collected from surface underway observations using carbon dioxide gas analyzer, shower head equilibrator and other instruments from R/V Sonne cruises SO234 and SO235 (EXPOCODEs: 06BE20140710 and 06BE20140723) in the Indian Ocean from 2014-07-10 to 2014-08-08 (NCEI Accession 0162204) 2017-05-10 publication 2017-03-24 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.7289/v5st7n2x NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0162204 NCEI Archive Management System 0162204 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Tobias Steinhoff GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) tsteinhoff@geomar.de http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information resourceProvider GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Tobias Steinhoff GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) tsteinhoff@geomar.de http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Arne Körtzinger GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) akoertzinger@geomar.de http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Körtzinger, Arne GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information author Steinhoff, Tobias GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information author GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This dataset includes surface underway, chemical, meteorological and physical data collected from R/V Sonne cruises SO234 and SO235 in the Indian Ocean from 2014-07-10 to 2014-08-08. These data include measurements of mole fraction of CO2 in the equilibrator headspace (dry) at equilibrator temperature, mole fraction of CO2 measured in dry outside air, barometric pressure in the equilibrator headspace, barometric pressure, corrected to sea level, water temperature in equilibrator, sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, fugacity of CO2 in sea water at SST and 100% humidity. The instruments used to collect these data include carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer and shower head chamber equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement. These data were collected by Tobias Steinhoff of GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research as part of the R/V Sonne research cruises in the Indian Ocean. The cruise Expedition codes (EXPOCODE) are 06BE20140710 and 06BE20140723. This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis. Funding Information: GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0162204 Preview graphic PNG 0162204 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2017-02-23 publication BAROMETRIC PRESSURE partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water SALINITY SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer showerhead equilibrator instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS chemical meteorological physical surface underway theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS SONNE platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Indian Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DE/GEOMAR > GEOMAR - Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian SO234 SO235 project Cruise ID 06BE20140710 06BE20140723 project EXPOCODE Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project project Ocean Acidification Search Keywords Research Cruise project Research Projects EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Surface underway theme OCADS Study Type SOOP Lines theme Provider Keywords Atm. Pressure Equi Press Equi Temp SSS SST pCO2_SW@SST theme Provider Variable Abbreviations CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS EQUILIBRATORS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian SONNE (call sign: DFCG, ICES code: 06BE, 1977-2014) platform ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes OCEAN > INDIAN OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Indian Ocean place Provider Geographic Names accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Körtzinger, Arne; Steinhoff, Tobias (2017). Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide, temperature, salinity and other variables collected from surface underway observations using carbon dioxide gas analyzer, shower head equilibrator and other instruments from R/V Sonne cruises SO234 and SO235 (EXPOCODEs: 06BE20140710 and 06BE20140723) in the Indian Ocean from 2014-07-10 to 2014-08-08 (NCEI Accession 0162204). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.7289/v5st7n2x. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Arévalo-Martínez, D. L., Beyer, M., Krumbholz, M., Piller, I., Kock, A., Steinhoff, T., Körtzinger, A., & Bange, H. W. (2013). A new method for continuous measurements of oceanic and atmospheric N2O, CO and CO2: performance of off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) coupled to non-dispersive infrared detection (NDIR). Ocean Science, 9(6), 1071–1087. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-1071-2013 2013-12-11 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-1071-2013 https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-1071-2013 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-1071-2013 related journal article information Arévalo-Martínez, D. L. Leibniz-Institut für Ostseeforschung Warnemünde author Beyer, M. author Krumbholz, M. author Piller, I. author Kock, A. author Steinhoff, T. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information author Körtzinger, A. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information author Bange, H. W. GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information author Copernicus GmbH publisher documentDigital Ocean Sci. 9(6) ISSN 1812-0792, pp. 1071-1087 crossReference project Pierrot, D., Neill, C., Sullivan, K., Castle, R., Wanninkhof, R., Lüger, H., Johannessen, T., Olsen, A., Feely, R. A., & Cosca, C. E. (2009). Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data-reduction routines. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 56(8-10), 512–522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.005 2009-04 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.005 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.005 related journal article information Pierrot, Denis author Neill, Craig author Sullivan, Kevin author Castle, Robert author Wanninkhof, Rik author Lüger, Heike author Johannessen, Truls author Olsen, Are author Feely, Richard A. author Cosca, Catherine E. author Elsevier BV publisher documentDigital Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 56(8-10) ISSN 0967-0645, pp. 512-522 crossReference project Steinhoff, T. (2010). Carbon and nutrient fluxes in the North Atlantic Ocean. Dissertation. http://eldiss.uni-kiel.de/macau/receive/dissertation_diss_00005704 2010 publication http://eldiss.uni-kiel.de/macau/receive/dissertation_diss_00005704 HTTP http://eldiss.uni-kiel.de/macau/receive/dissertation_diss_00005704 Related resource information crossReference project NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system 2022-04 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system OCADS website information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital [accessed 2024-02-08] crossReference program eng; USA utf8 environment oceans climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere 37.9 73.3 -30 1.9 2014-07-10 2014-08-08 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Originator data format 3.36 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0162204.html HTTPS Web browser Project Metadata Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://doi.org/10.7289/v5st7n2x HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/162204 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/162204 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0107/0162204/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0162204 v1.1 was published. 2017-05-10T16:16:06Z NCEI Accession 0162204 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0162204/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0162204 v1.1 published 2017-05-10T16:16:06Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: pCO2 (fCO2) autonomous; Abbreviation: pCO2_SW@SST; Unit: uatm; Observation type: Surface underway; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: following Pierrot et al. (2009), Deep-Sea Res.; Sampling instrument: Seawater pump described in Arevalo-Martinez et al. (2013), Ocean Sci., https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-1071-2013; Location of seawater intake: ships moonpool; Analyzing instrument: Infrared Analyzer: LI-COR model 6252; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Arevalo-Martinez, D.L., M. Beyer, M. Krumbholz, I. Piller, A. Kock, T. Steinhoff, A. Körtzinger, and H. W. Bange (2013). A new method for continuous measurements of oceanic and atmospheric N2O, CO and CO2: performance of off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) coupled to non-dispersive infrared detection (NDIR). Ocean Sci., 9, 1071-1087, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-1071-2013.; Equilibrator type: Spray head above dynamic pool, with thermal jacket; Equilibrator volume: 0.95 L (0.4 L water, 0.55 L headspace); Is the equilibrator vented or not: Vented; Water flow rate: 2-3 L min-1; Gas flow rate: 100 mL min-1; How was temperature inside the equilibrator measured: Due to a broken temperature probe, we used the temperature of an Aanderaa Optode that was placed in a continously flushed water bath next to the equilibrator. We still estimate the accuracy of the equilibrator to 0.05 deg C.; How was pressure inside the equilibrator measured: The equilibrator is open to the atmosphere. Here we assume to have atmospheric pressure in the equilibration chamber.; Drying method for gas: ice cooled column and subsequent Nafion dryer; SEA CO2 gas detector manufacturer: Licor, Inc; SEA CO2 gas detector model: Licor 6262; SEA CO2 gas detector resolution: Accuracy: +/- 2 uatm in fCO2_SW; SEA CO2 gas detector uncertainty: +/- 0.5 ppm; Standardization technique: calibrated against NOAA/CMDL standard gases. Resulting uncertainty: +/- 0.5 ppm.; Standardization frequency: every 4 hours; Standard gas manufacturer: Deuste Steininger; Standard gas concentration: 208.96 402 602.4; Standard gas uncertainty: 0.5; At what temperature was pCO2 reported: SST; Uncertainty: 5 uatm; Researcher name: Tobias Steinhoff; Researcher institution: GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Parameter or Variable: Sea Surface Temperature; Abbreviation: SST; Unit: Deg. C; Observation type: Surface underway; Sampling instrument: pump at approximately 6 m depth; Analyzing instrument: Seabird (SBE37); Uncertainty: +/- 0.05 deg C; Researcher name: Tobias Steinhoff; Researcher institution: GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Parameter or Variable: Sea Surface Salinity; Abbreviation: SSS; Observation type: Surface underway; Sampling instrument: pump at approximately 6 m depth; Analyzing instrument: Seabird (SBE37); Uncertainty: +/- 0.1; Researcher name: Tobias Steinhoff; Researcher institution: GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Parameter or Variable: Equilibrator temperature; Abbreviation: Equi Temp; Unit: Deg. C; Observation type: Surface underway; Uncertainty: +/-0.05 deg C; Researcher name: Tobias Steinhoff; Researcher institution: GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Parameter or Variable: Athmospheric Presuure; Abbreviation: Atm. Pressure; Unit: mbar; Analyzing instrument: The atmospheric pressure was measured by the ships weather station; Uncertainty: +/- 0.1 mbar; Researcher name: Tobias Steinhoff; Researcher institution: GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Parameter or Variable: Equilibrator Pressure; Abbreviation: Equi Press; Unit: mbar; Analyzing instrument: The equilibrator is open to the atmosphere. Here we assume to have atmospheric pressure in the equilibration chamber; Uncertainty: +/- 0.1 mbar; Researcher name: Tobias Steinhoff; Researcher institution: GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water. showerhead equilibrator showerhead equilibrator extracts dissolved CO2 from water A carbon dioxide equilibrator is usually in the shape of a vertical tube, with a showerhead on the top, some headspace, a lot of beads to increase the surface exchange area between water and air, a water seal device at the bottom to allow water to overflow, but prevents air exchange between inside and outside. Carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer (insttypes_id 183) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water. SONNE SONNE