gov.noaa.ncei:19451127marigram dataset DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information haz.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2019-11-12 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) point Archival and Discovery of November 27, 1945 Tsunami Event on Marigrams 2019-10-24 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) doi:10.25921/v3a2-m248 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information NCEI Metadata ID: gov.noaa.ncei:19451127marigram SOI > Survey of India originator CSIR/NIO > National Institute of Oceanography originator MoES/ESSO/INCOIS > Indian National Center for Ocean Information Services originator Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) originator DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information publisher These water level data were digitized from a scanned marigram image associated with the tsunami event of 1945-11-27 at a tide gauge located at Karachi, Pakistan, and referenced to station datum. The Karachi marigram is one of the two instrumental records existing of the 1945 Makran tsunami and spans most of the 16 days between November 15 and December 1. The original Karachi analog record belongs to the Survey of India (SOI) and was collected and digitized by the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) and Indian National Center for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) for use in the publication of a few scientific papers. This digital marigram scan was reformatted into the accompanying digital, numerical time series by the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), Boulder, CO. Acknowledgement of SOI, NIO, and INCOIS should be included in any future scientific works using this record. To enable archive and discovery of segments of marigram records on which are recorded sea level measurements of the November 27, 1945 tsunami originating from a magnitude 8.0 earthquake off the Makran Coast of Pakistan. completed historicalArchive DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information haz.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/data/marigrams/1761/19451127_karachi_542x300px.png Digitized marigram from Karachi, Pakistan, 1945-11-27 png Earth Science > Oceans > Tides Earth Science > Oceans > Tides > Tidal Currents Earth Science > Oceans > Tides > Tidal Heights Earth Science > Oceans > Tides > Tidal Range Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Waves > Tsunamis Earth Science > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Tidal Height Earth Science > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Sea Surface Height Earth Science > Human Dimensions > Natural Hazards > Tsunamis Earth Science > Human Dimensions > Natural Hazards > Earthquakes theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2024 revision 19 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2024. GCMD Keywords, Version 19. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Continent > Asia > Southcentral Asia > Pakistan Ocean > Indian Ocean > Arabian Sea place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2024 revision 19 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2024. GCMD Keywords, Version 19. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Karachi place None In Situ Land-Based Platforms > Ocean Platform/Ocean Stations > Coastal Stations platform Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords 2020-01-09 publication 9.1 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2024. GCMD Keywords, Version 19. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian In Situ/Laboratory Instruments > Gauges > Tide Gauges instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2020-01-09 publication 9.1 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2024. GCMD Keywords, Version 19. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian ICSU-WDS > International Council for Science - World Data System project Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Project Keywords 2020-01-09 publication 9.1 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2024. GCMD Keywords, Version 19. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information dataCenter Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2020-01-09 publication 9.1 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2024. GCMD Keywords, Version 19. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. otherRestrictions Cite as: Survey of India, National Institute of Oceanography, India, Indian National Center for Ocean Information Service, and Lindsey Wright. 2019. Archival and Discovery of November 27, 1945 Tsunami Event on Marigrams. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.25921/v3a2-m248. Accessed [date]. Use Constraints: Public domain data from the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), an agency of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize NCEI as the source of these data. You are not permitted to use NCEI's name or to suggest that NCEI endorses your project or product, without its express written consent. 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NGDC/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database 2019-10-23 lastUpdate DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/tsu_db.shtml https NGDC/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database Access to historical tsunami source and effects information database on tsunami events from 2000 B.C. to the present in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, and the Mediterranean and Caribbean Seas. search author documentDigital largerWorkCitation collection Marigram recording tsunami generated by the November 27, 1945 earthquake 2019-10-24 publication crossReference sciencePaper Station Documentation for KARACHI 2017-11-30 publication Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level distributor https://www.psmsl.org/data/obtaining/stations/204.php Station Documentation for KARACHI Providing station identification, location, provenance, and other documentation for the Karachi tide gauge station. information crossReference Revised Local Reference (RLR) Diagram for KARACHI publication Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level distributor https://www.psmsl.org/data/obtaining/rlr.diagrams/204.php Revised Local Reference (RLR) Diagram for KARACHI Diagram of vertical offsets among related historical datums at the Karachi tide gauge station. information crossReference Karachi tides during the 1945 Makran tsunami 2018-09-26 publication doi:10.1186/s40562-018-0121-z https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-018-0121-z Karachi tides during the 1945 Makran tsunami Cite as: Adams, L.M., Atwater, B.F., and Hasan, H. Karachi tides during the 1945 Makran tsunami. Geosci. Lett. 5, 25 (2018) doi:10.1186/s40562-018-0121-z information Cite as: Adams, L.M., Atwater, B.F., and Hasan, H. Karachi tides during the 1945 Makran tsunami. Geosci. Lett. 5, 25 (2018) doi:10.1186/s40562-018-0121-z crossReference sciencePaper A digital elevation model for simulating the 1945 Makran tsunami in Karachi Harbour 2018-09-18 publication doi:10.1186/s40562-018-0117-8 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-018-0117-8 A digital elevation model for simulating the 1945 Makran tsunami in Karachi Harbour Cite as: Hasan, H., Atwater, B.F., and Ahmed, S. A digital elevation model for simulating the 1945 Makran tsunami in Karachi Harbour. Geosci. Lett. 5, 23 (2018) doi:10.1186/s40562-018-0117-8 information Hasan, H., Atwater, B.F., and Ahmed, S. A digital elevation model for simulating the 1945 Makran tsunami in Karachi Harbour. Geosci. Lett. 5, 23 (2018) doi:10.1186/s40562-018-0117-8 crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA utf8 oceans Coastal Tide Gauge at Karachi, Pakistan 66.970 66.970 24.804 24.804 1945-11-15T05:15:25Z 1945-12-01T05:29:56Z P16DT14M31S Instrument Details physicalMeasurement Elevation of the sea surface level Scale Scale is the scale factor from the marigram graphic to the absolute measurement of the sea surface level. It is in the format 1:#. 1:6 1:9 1:12 1:24 Station Station is the general-purpose identifier for the station. It can be up to 80 alphanumeric characters. Values do not exist in a predefined set netCDF 4 Unidata's Network Common Data Form (netCDF) csv Comma Separated Values file (csv) GZIP TIFF Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) ZIP DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information haz.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact Free for online download https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/thredds/fileServer/marigrams/19451127_1761/digitized/kara_19451127.nc https NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration November 27, 1945 marigram from Karachi, Pakistan Data access to scanned marigram netCDF data. download https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/thredds/fileServer/marigrams/19451127_1761/digitized/kara_19451127.csv.gz https NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration November 27, 1945 marigram from Karachi, Pakistan Data access to scanned marigram CSV data. download https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/data/marigrams/1761/kara_19451127.zip https NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration November 27, 1945 marigram from Karachi, Pakistan Data access to scanned marigram TIFF data. download series The November 27, 1945 data were digitized from the scanned marigram image in 2019. Marigram TIFF images were loaded into GraphClick and x,y axes were defined for 24 hour periods using the 4 known points option (coordinates at the bottom-left of the graph, bottom-right, top-left and top-right). This option was chosen over other available options to better represent images that may have had a tilted, wrinkled, warped or otherwise damaged paper record. Data points were individually added along the data curves by clicking on the center of the curved line with GraphClick recording x,y values each of those points. These x,y values were exported from GraphClick as a text file and transferred to Microsoft Excel 2016 for formatting of time, units and other general file formatting required for archival. CSV files were converted to netCDF with associated metadata. For records with curved vertical axes, one of the vertical graticules was digitized to create a table of corrections to the x axis as a function of height, and fit with a spline interpolation. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) processor GraphClick creation GraphClick v.3.0.3 for Mac OS X 10.4 On any records that included periodical height/time information written on the marigram, such values were compared with the numerical values produced by GraphClick for consistency. Values were compared against digital 1 hour data provided by the station operators where available. Each station was checked as necessary for observance with Daylight Savings Time. Each original marigram was a scroll of paper from which a segment of several days of time series data were scanned and stored as TIFFs, along with the Station, Scale (not always), Dates/Times of the segment (in UTC or local), and Latitude and Longitude of the Station. series Values obtained by digitization were correlated to tsunami arrival times and hourly predicted tides (to obtain an expectation of tidal range) with those published in the NGDC/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. asNeeded Most recent maintenance was made 2019-10-24.