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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0186070" xlink:actuate="onRequest">0186070</gmx:Anchor>
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                <gco:CharacterString>NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/70" xlink:actuate="onRequest">partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/309" xlink:actuate="onRequest">SALINITY - SURFACE WATER</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/319" xlink:actuate="onRequest">SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/insttype/details/184" xlink:actuate="onRequest">showerhead equilibrator</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/obstype/details/12" xlink:actuate="onRequest">meteorological</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/obstype/details/14" xlink:actuate="onRequest">physical</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/obstype/details/27" xlink:actuate="onRequest">surface underway</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/platform/details/11106" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Soyo Maru</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="platform">platform</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="dataCentre">dataCentre</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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                <gco:CharacterString>NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/project/details/539" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Ship of Opportunity Programme (SOOP)</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/project/details/658" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="project">project</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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                <gco:CharacterString>NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/seaname/details/76" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Japan Sea</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/seaname/details/93" xlink:actuate="onRequest">North Pacific Ocean</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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            <gmd:CI_Citation>
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                <gco:CharacterString>NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>WMO_CategoryCode</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="dataCentre">dataCentre</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:date>
                    <gco:Date>2026</gco:Date>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: pCO2 (fCO2) autonomous;
Abbreviation: xCO2eq;
Unit: uatm;
Observation type: Surface underway;
Measured or calculated: Measured;
Sampling instrument: Seawater pump;
Location of seawater intake: Bottom of ship;
Analyzing instrument: Infra-red analysis on dry gas NDIR;
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Infrared analysis of headspace in equilibrium with flowing seawater;
Equilibrator type: membrane equilibrator;
Equilibrator volume: 0.4 L;
Is the equilibrator vented or not: Not vented;
Water flow rate: 2 L/min;
Gas flow rate: 100 ml/min;
Drying method for gas: electronic dehumidifier DH109C;
SEA CO2 gas detector manufacturer: Licor, Inc;
SEA CO2 gas detector model: Licor 6262;
SEA CO2 gas detector resolution: Precision of CO2water: xCO2 1.6 umol/mol;;
SEA CO2 gas detector uncertainty: 1 ppm;
Standard gas manufacturer: LI-6262 was calibrated at factory on Mar. 2018. CO2 concentration in standard gas cylinder was calibrated once at purchasing against NIES standard das cylinder, which are traceable to WMO scale.;
Standard gas concentration: 270 umo/mol, 450 umol/mol;
At what temperature was pCO2 reported: In situ sea surface temperature;
Researcher name: Tsuneo Ono;
Researcher institution: National Research Institute for Far Seas Fisheries</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Sea Surface Temperature;
Abbreviation: SST_C;
Unit: degrees celcius;
Observation type: Surface Underway;
Sampling instrument: Sea water pump, location Just after the bottom seawater intake;
Analyzing instrument: JFE Advantec. Model ACT-RS;
Uncertainty: Accuracy 0.002 DEG_C; Precision: 0.02 DEG_C;
Researcher name: Tsuneo Ono;
Researcher institution: National Research Institute for Far Seas Fisheries</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Sea Surface Salinity;
Abbreviation: SSS;
Observation type: Surface Underway;
Sampling instrument: Location: branched just in front of water intake of equilibrator;
Analyzing instrument: Sea-Bird SBE45;
Uncertainty: Accuracy 0.005, Precision 0.003;
Researcher name: Tsuneo Ono;
Researcher institution: National Research Institute for Far Seas Fisheries</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Atmospheric pressure at sea-surface pressure;
Abbreviation: AtmPrs;
Unit: hPa;
Observation type: Surface Underway;
Sampling instrument: Location: just right side of equilibrator;
Analyzing instrument: TD Co. L TD. Model: TR-73U;
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: It is confirmed that the atmospheric pressure in the ship's lab the pCO2 system is settled is same as that of open air.;
Uncertainty: Accuracy: 0.15hPa; Precision: 0.15hPa;
Researcher name: Tsuneo Ono;
Researcher institution: National Research Institute for Far Seas Fisheries</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
        </gmd:LI_Lineage>
      </gmd:lineage>
    </gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
  </gmd:dataQualityInfo>
  <gmd:metadataMaintenance>
    <gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
      <gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>
        <gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode" codeListValue="asNeeded">asNeeded</gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode>
      </gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>
      <gmd:maintenanceNote>
        <gco:CharacterString>Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.</gco:CharacterString>
      </gmd:maintenanceNote>
      <gmd:contact>
        <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
          <gmd:organisationName>
            <gco:CharacterString>NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:organisationName>
          <gmd:role>
            <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="custodian">custodian</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
          </gmd:role>
        </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
      </gmd:contact>
    </gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
  </gmd:metadataMaintenance>
  <gmi:acquisitionInformation>
    <gmi:MI_AcquisitionInformation id="AMS">
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_be58">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>measures gaseous carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water.

To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_be57">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>showerhead equilibrator</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>showerhead equilibrator</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>extracts dissolved CO2 from water

A carbon dioxide equilibrator is usually in the shape of a vertical tube, with a showerhead on the top, some headspace, a lot of beads to increase the surface exchange area between water and air, a water seal device at the bottom to allow water to overflow, but prevents air exchange between inside and outside.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer (insttypes_id 183) to measure carbon dioxide in the water.

To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:platform>
        <gmi:MI_Platform id="plat_958d">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>Soyo Maru</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Active 10-1994;IMO9033115</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
          <gmi:instrument gco:nilReason="missing" />
        </gmi:MI_Platform>
      </gmi:platform>
    </gmi:MI_AcquisitionInformation>
  </gmi:acquisitionInformation>
</gmi:MI_Metadata>