noaa-coral-31712 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2025-09-03 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Xisha Islands, Northern South China Sea Modern and Fossil Coral Sr/Ca Data from 1149-1205 CE and 1980-2007 CE 2020-11-03 publication doi:10.25921/977q-wa71 noaa-coral-31712 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Jiang, L. originator Jiang, L. author Yu, K. originator Yu, K. author Tao, S. originator Tao, S. author Wang, S. originator Wang, S. author Han, T. originator Han, T. author Jiang, W. originator Jiang, W. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Coral. The data include parameters of corals and sclerosponges with a geographic location of South China Sea, Western Pacific Ocean. The time period coverage is from 801 to -57 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Records of past climate and ocean environment derived from stable isotope, trace metal, and other measurements made on corals and sclerosponges. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this dataset. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the dataset citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-coral.png Paleoclimatology - Coral and Sclerosponge PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Biological Records > Coral Deposits Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Ocean/Lake Records > Coral Deposits Earth Science > Paleoclimate > Ocean/Lake Records > Coral Deposits theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges > trace metals theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian What: age; Material: null What: strontium/calcium; Material: Porites lutea theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > South China Sea > Xisha Islands GQ-2 > LATITUDE 16.51 > LONGITUDE 111.59 Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > South China Sea > Xisha Islands YXN-1 > LATITUDE 16.84 > LONGITUDE 112.33 place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Jiang, L.; Yu, K.; Tao, S.; Wang, S.; Han, T.; Jiang, W. (2020-11-03): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Xisha Islands, Northern South China Sea Modern and Fossil Coral Sr/Ca Data from 1149-1205 CE and 1980-2007 CE. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/977q-wa71. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. 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ENSO Variability During the Medieval Climate Anomaly as Recorded by Porites Corals from the Northern South China Sea 2021 publication Jiang, Leilei; Yu, Kefu; Tao, Shichen; Wang, Shaopeng; Han, Tao; Jiang, Wei author Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology publisher https://doi.org/10.1029/2020PA004173 HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 2021 Jiang, Leilei; Yu, Kefu; Tao, Shichen; Wang, Shaopeng; Han, Tao; Jiang, Wei, 2021: ENSO Variability During the Medieval Climate Anomaly as Recorded by Porites Corals from the Northern South China Sea. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 36, , 10.1029/2020PA004173 information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 1149 CE to 2007 CE; Date Range: 801 cal yr BP to -57 cal yr BP; 111.59 112.33 16.51 16.84 1149 2007 STUDY NOTES: Modern and fossil coral Sr/Ca data from Xisha Islands, South China Sea, northwestern tropical Pacific Provided Keywords: Medieval Climate Anomaly ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dominates interannual climate variability worldwide and has important environmental and socio-economic consequences. However, determining the evolution of ENSO variability and its long-term response to climate forcing remains an ongoing challenge owing to the limited instrumental records. In this study, we quantified ENSO variability via an empirically calibrated threshold and sliding variance windows using monthly sea-surface temperature (SST) anomalies based on Porites coral Sr/Ca records from the Xisha Islands in the northern South China Sea. Instrumental SST anomalies from the Xisha Islands correctly captured increasing ENSO variability in the twentieth century, with ENSO detection skills similar to those for Niño3.4 regions. Coral Sr/Ca-SST anomalies can also serve as sensitive and robust proxies for ENSO variability. Sub-fossil coral Sr/Ca-SST anomalies indicated intensified ENSO variability at the end of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) from 1149 to 1205 ± 4.9 (2σ) Common Era (CE). Combining our records with other ENSO-sensitive proxy reconstructions from the tropical Pacific, we observed fluctuating ENSO variability during the MCA and intensified ENSO variability for the late MCA. Considering the fewer and low intensity fluctuations associated with external climate forcing and the absence of a coherent temporal correspondence of ENSO activity with solar irradiance and volcanic eruption during the MCA, we hypothesized that the internal dynamics of the climate system play a prominent role in modulating ENSO variability and its evolution, which is supported by unforced climate model simulations and coral reconstructions across the tropical Pacific. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/977q-wa71 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/31712 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/coral-sclerosponge HTTPS Information NCEI Coral Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/south_china_sea/jiang2020/jiang2020-YXN-1.txt HTTPS Download /coral/south_china_sea/jiang2020/jiang2020-YXN-1.txt Coral download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/south_china_sea/jiang2020/jiang2020-GQ-2.txt HTTPS Download /coral/south_china_sea/jiang2020/jiang2020-GQ-2.txt Coral download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21