noaa-model-22850 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2023-09-01 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - LOVECLIM Earth System Model Last Glacial Maximum oceanic d13C and D14C data 2017-10-18 publication doi:10.25921/a136-zc04 noaa-model-22850 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Menviel, L. originator Menviel, L. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Paleoclimatology Modeling. The data include parameters of paleoclimatic modeling with a geographic location of Global. The time period coverage is from 21000 to 18000 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Computer simulations of past climate. Variables provided as model output are described by parameter keyword. In some cases the parameter keywords are a subset of all archived model output, and additional output is available upon request. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the dataset citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-model.png Paleoclimatology - Modeling PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Paleoclimate Reconstructions theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > model > ocean model theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian What: delta 13C; Material: sea water What: Delta 14C; Material: sea water What: latitude; Material: null What: longitude; Material: null theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Geographic Region > Global > Global > LATITUDE > LONGITUDE place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Menviel, L. (2017-10-18): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - LOVECLIM Earth System Model Last Glacial Maximum oceanic d13C and D14C data. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/a136-zc04. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. Poorly ventilated deep ocean at the Last Glacial Maximum inferred from carbon isotopes: a data-model comparison study 2017 publication Menviel, L., J. Yu, F. Joos, A. Mouchet, K.J. Meissner, and M.H. England author Paleoceanography publisher https://doi.org/10.1002/2016PA003024 HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 2017 Menviel, L., J. Yu, F. Joos, A. Mouchet, K.J. Meissner, and M.H. England, 2017: Poorly ventilated deep ocean at the Last Glacial Maximum inferred from carbon isotopes: a data-model comparison study. Paleoceanography, 32, 2-17, 10.1002/2016PA003024 information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 21000 cal yr BP to 18000 cal yr BP; -180 180 -90 90 -19050 -16050 STUDY NOTES: This dataset is a collection of outputs of numerical simulations performed with LOVECLIM, an Earth System Model. The model was forced with Last Glacial Maximum (~20 ka B.P.) boundary conditions (orbital parameters, ice-sheet topogra phy and albedo, CO2, d13CO2 and D14CO2). The dataset are oceanic d13C values for 28 Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) experiments, as well as oceanic D14C values fo r a subset of the LGM experiments. d13C and D14C values are the isotopic signatures of oceanic DIC and respectively represent a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes 13C and radioactive isotope 14C with respect to the standard . Both are reported in parts per thousand. LOVECLIM is an acronym made from the names of the five different models that have been coupled to built the Earth sy stem model: LOch-Vecode-Ecbilt-CLio-agIsm Model (LOVECLIM). LOVECLIM 1.2 includes representations of the atmosphere, the ocean and sea ice, the land surface (including vegetation), the ice sheets, the icebergs and the carbon cycle. The atmospheric component is ECBilt2, a T21, 3-level quasi-geostrophic model. The oceanic component is CLIO3, which is made up of an ocean general circulation model coupled to a comprehensive thermodynamic-dynamic sea-ice model. Its horizontal resolution is 3° y 3°, and there are 20 levels in the ocean. ECBilt-CLIO is coupled to VECODE, a vegetat ionmodel that simulates the dynamics of two main terrestrial plant functional types, trees and grasses, as well as d esert. VECODE also simulates the evolution of the carbon cycle over land while the oceanic carbon cycle is represent ed in LOCH, a comprehensive model that takes into account both the solubility and biological pumps. LOVECLIM description is an extract from http://www.academia.edu/12279222/Description_of_the_Earth_system_model_of_in termediate_complexity_LOVECLIM_version_1.2 Reference: Menviel, L., J. Yu, F. Joos, A. Mouchet, K. Meissner, M. England, "Poorly ventilated deep ocean at the La st Glacial Maximum inferred from carbon isotopes: a data-model comparison study", 2016, Paleoceanography,2016PA00302 4, under Review. 3 dimensional netcdf data of dc13 (permil, c13_X.nc) and DC14 (permil, c14_X.nc), where X denotes the name of the ex periments described in Tables 1 and S1. PI denotes the pre-industrial control run. Experiments list from reference paper V1 52 ± 53GtC NADW, AABW, SO XP, CT V1L S S - -142 V1LNAoff Off I - -19 V1LNAw W I - -22 V1LNAwSOw I I - -6 V1LNAwSOs I S - -75 V1LNAwGR I I +9% -17 V2 205 ± 47GtC NADW, AABW, SO XP, CT V2L S I - 171 V2LNAoff Off I - 217 V2LNAw W I - 208 V2LNAwSOw W W - 212 V2LNAwSOs W S - 181 V2LNAwSHWw W W - 244 V2LNAwGR W I +9% 237 V3 351 ± 44GtC NADW, AABW, SO XP, CT V3L S I - 313 V3LNAoff Off I - 357 V3LNAw W I - 346 V3LNAwSOw W W - 369 V3LNAwSHWw W W - 392 V3LNAwSOwSHWw W W - 426 V3LSOs S S - 289 V3LNAwSOs I S - 320 V3LNAwGR W I +9% 357 V3LNAwGRSOs I S +9% 343 V 4, 567 ± 39GtC V4LNAw W S - 514 V4LNAwSHWw W W - 605 V4LNAwSOwSHWw W W - 609 V4LNAwSOs I S - 534 V4LNAwGR W I +9% 574 Table 1. Main characteristics of LGM experiments. CT indicates the difference between the late Holocene and LGM terrestrial carbon stock (GtC) for all the experiments performed and calculated following Equation 3. The mean CT and standard deviation for each set of experiments (V1-V4) is also shown. The relative formation rates of NADW and AABW are indicated as follows: for NADW, S=Strong (>= 20 Sv), I=Intermediate (15-20 Sv), W=Weak (10-15 Sv) or Off= shutdown (2-3 Sv); for the AABW transport in the Indo-Pacific basin, S=Strong (10-16 Sv), I=Intermediate (8-10 Sv) and W=Weak (<= 7 Sv). All symbols are filled except experiments in which export production (SO XP) was enhanced by 9% over the Southern Ocean (56-36S) compared to the pre-industrial control run. Contact: l.menviel@unsw.edu.au for any question on the dataset content and provenance paola.petrelli@utas.edu.au for questions or issues with file accessibility from THREDDS server. ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: Atmospheric CO2 was ∼90 ppmv lower at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) compared to the late Holocene, but the mechanisms responsible for this change remain elusive. Here we employ a carbon isotope-enabled Earth System Model to investigate the role of ocean circulation in setting the LGM oceanic δ13C distribution, thereby improving our understanding of glacial/interglacial atmospheric CO2 variations. We find that the mean ocean δ13C change can be explained by a 378 ± 88 Gt C(2σ) smaller LGM terrestrial carbon reservoir compared to the Holocene. Critically, in this model, differences in the oceanic δ13C spatial pattern can only be reconciled with a LGM ocean circulation state characterized by a weak (10–15 Sv) and relatively shallow (2000–2500 m) North Atlantic Deep Water cell, reduced Antarctic Bottom Water transport (≤10 Sv globally integrated), and relatively weak (6–8 Sv) and shallow (1000–1500 m) North Pacific Intermediate Water formation. This oceanic circulation state is corroborated by results from the isotope-enabled Bern3D ocean model and further confirmed by high LGM ventilation ages in the deep ocean, particularly in the deep South Atlantic and South Pacific. This suggests a poorly ventilated glacial deep ocean which would have facilitated the sequestration of carbon lost from the terrestrial biosphere and atmosphere. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/a136-zc04 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/22850 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoclimatology-modeling HTTPS Information NCEI Paleoclimatology Modeling Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/menviel2016/menviel2017-loveclim.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/menviel2016/ HTTPS Download /gcmoutput/menviel2016/ Data Folder download https://doi.org/10.4225/41/58192cb8bff06 HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21