{"accessLevel": "public", "bureauCode": ["010:12"], "contactPoint": {"@type": "vcard:Contact", "fn": "Wonsook S. Ha", "hasEmail": "mailto:wha@usgs.gov"}, "description": "A three-dimensional MODFLOW-NWT model was constructed to better understand the effects \nof drought stress on the Cedar River alluvial aquifer, the principal source of municipal water for \nthe City of Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Historically, the aquifer supported the production needs of the \nCity of Cedar Rapids and surrounding area but between July 2011 and February 2013, Iowa \nexperienced severe drought conditions that affected water availability for communities that \nrelied on alluvial aquifers for their production needs. During that time, the City of Cedar Rapids \nobserved water level declines in their horizontal collector wells (HCW) of as much as about 11 \nmeters. Pumping from affected production wells had to be halted to prevent damage to the \npumps and wells and caused concern about the reliability of the alluvial aquifer under future \ndrought conditions. In 2013, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the City \nof Cedar Rapids, began a study to better understand the effects of drought stress on the Cedar \nRiver alluvial aquifer using a numerical groundwater flow model which combined published \nhydrogeologic data with airborne, waterborne, down-hole, and land-based geophysical survey \ndata collected from 2015 to 2017. The model (1) provided a detailed three-dimensional lithologic \nmodel of the Cedar River alluvial aquifer and surrounding area, (2) improved the conceptual model \nfor the groundwater flow system, and (3) evaluated hydrogeologic characteristics of aquifer materials. \nTwo models were constructed for this study. A steady-state model of mean hydrologic conditions \nfor November 2015 and a transient model to simulate conditions from October 1, 2016, to August 31, \n2018 (calibration period), and from October 1, 2011, to April 30, 2013 (simulation period). Additional \nscenarios using the transient model simulate drought conditions from October 2011 to April 2013 \nand evaluate the transient drought conditions with modifications to the riverbed. The numerical \nmodels were developed as a tool for use by water managers to better understand the potential \neffects of drought and increased demand on production wells. This USGS data release contains \nall the input and output files for the simulations described in the associated model documentation \nreport (https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215065).", "distribution": [{"@type": "dcat:Distribution", "accessURL": "https://doi.org/10.5066/P96CF4L5", "description": "Landing page for access to the data", "format": "XML", "mediaType": "application/http", "title": "Digital Data"}, {"@type": "dcat:Distribution", "description": "The metadata original format", "downloadURL": "https://data.usgs.gov/datacatalog/metadata/USGS.5fb14324-4661-4685-80d4-eae707cbe45a.xml", "format": "XML", "mediaType": "text/xml", "title": "Original Metadata"}], "identifier": "http://datainventory.doi.gov/id/dataset/USGS_5fb14324-4661-4685-80d4-eae707cbe45a", "keyword": ["Cedar Rapids", "Cedar River alluvial aquifer", "Groundwater", "Groundwater Model", "InlandWaters", "Iowa", "Linn County", "MODFLOW-NWT", "PEST", "USGS:5fb14324-4661-4685-80d4-eae707cbe45a", "alluvial", "drought", "environment", "geoscientificInformation", "inlandWaters", "surficial", "usgsgroundwatermodel"], "modified": "2021-09-23T00:00:00Z", "publisher": {"@type": "org:Organization", "name": "U.S. Geological Survey"}, "spatial": "-91.836761, 41.955893, -91.602421, 42.082740", "theme": ["geospatial"], "title": "MODFLOW-NWT model used to simulate groundwater levels in the Cedar River alluvial aquifer near Cedar Rapids, Iowa"}