noaa-recon-6280 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2025-06-11 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Ni et al. 2002 Southwestern USA Linear Regression and Neural Network Precipitation Reconstructions 2002-07-01 publication doi:10.25921/6zq2-g025 noaa-recon-6280 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Ni, F. originator Ni, F. author Cavazos, T. originator Cavazos, T. author Hughes, M.K. originator Hughes, M.K. author Comrie, A.C. originator Comrie, A.C. author Funkhouser, G. originator Funkhouser, G. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Climate Reconstruction. The data include parameters of climate reconstructions|tree ring with a geographic location of United States Of America. The time period coverage is from 950 to -38 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Records of past temperature, precipitation, and other climate variables derived from paleoclimate proxies. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this data set. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the data set citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-recon.png Paleoclimatology - Climate Reconstruction PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Paleoclimate Reconstructions theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring earth science > paleoclimate > reconstructions theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Palmer Drought Index Reconstruction Precipitation Reconstruction theme What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: age; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Continent > North America > United States Of America > New Mexico and Arizona > LATITUDE > LONGITUDE place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Ni, F.; Cavazos, T.; Hughes, M.K.; Comrie, A.C.; Funkhouser, G. (2002-07-01): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Ni et al. 2002 Southwestern USA Linear Regression and Neural Network Precipitation Reconstructions. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/6zq2-g025. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. Cool-season precipitation in the southwestern USA since AD 1000: comparison of linear and nonlinear techniques for reconstruction 2002 publication Ni, F., T. Cavazos, M.K. Hughes, A.C. Comrie, and G. Funkhouser author International Journal of Climatology publisher https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.804 HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 2002 Ni, F., T. Cavazos, M.K. Hughes, A.C. Comrie, and G. Funkhouser, 2002: Cool-season precipitation in the southwestern USA since AD 1000: comparison of linear and nonlinear techniques for reconstruction. International Journal of Climatology, 22, 1645-1662, 10.1002/joc.804 information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 1000 CE to 1988 CE; Date Range: 950 cal yr BP to -38 cal yr BP; -114 -103 32 37 1000 1988 STUDY NOTES: Comparison of the linear regression and neural network models for precipitation reconstruction from a network of tree ring chronologies. Data include the reconstructed annual precipitation for each climate division in Arizona and New Mexico from linear regression (LR) and artificial neural network (NN) models, as well as a combined reconstruction. The combined reconstruction was created post-publication, and the authors recommend it to the user. The NN and LR each have their own strengths and weaknesses, hence it is impossible to recommend one over the other. The simplest way to combine them is taking the mean of two models. However, by plotting the scatter plots, histograms of observations, NN and LR reconstruction, the authors noticed that if both NN and LR are lower than the calibration mean, LR does a better job (i.e., LR does a better job in capturing drought). The combined version of the reconstruction makes use of this observation plus the simple average strategy, i.e., if both NN and LR are lower than the calibration mean, use LR, otherwise use the average of the two values. ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: A 1000 year reconstruction of cool-season (November–April) precipitation was developed for each climate division in Arizona and New Mexico from a network of 19 tree-ring chronologies in the southwestern USA. Linear regression (LR) and artificial neural network (NN) models were used to identify the cool-season precipitation signal in tree rings. Using 1931–88 records, the stepwise LR model was cross-validated with a leave-one-out procedure and the NN was validated with a bootstrap technique. The final models were also independently validated using the 1896–1930 precipitation data. In most of the climate divisions, both techniques can successfully reconstruct dry and normal years, and the NN seems to capture large precipitation events and more variability better than the LR. In the 1000 year reconstructions the NN also produces more distinctive wet events and more variability, whereas the LR produces more distinctive dry events. The 1000 year reconstructed precipitation from the two models shows several sustained dry and wet periods comparable to the 1950s drought (e.g. 16th century mega drought) and to the post-1976 wet period (e.g. 1330s, 1610s). The impact of extreme periods on the environment may be stronger during sudden reversals from dry to wet, which were not uncommon throughout the millennium, such as the 1610s wet interval that followed the 16th century mega drought. The instrumental records suggest that strong dry to wet precipitation reversals in the past 1000 years might be linked to strong shifts from cold to warm El Niño-southern oscillation events and from a negative to positive Pacific decadal oscillation. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/6zq2-g025 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/6280 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/climate-reconstruction HTTPS Information NCEI Climate Reconstruction Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/northamerica/usa/az-nm_div_precip-slr-noaa.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/northamerica/usa/az-nm_div_precip-nn-noaa.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/northamerica/usa/az-nm_div_precip-combined-noaa.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21