gov.noaa.nodc:0131503 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2025-05-16T15:50:27Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Shipboard and mooring oceanographic data from Line W in the North Atlantic from 2001-10-05 to 2014-05-09 (NCEI Accession 0131503) 2015-09-11 publication 2021-12-13 creation NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0131503 NCEI Archive Management System 0131503 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Ruth Curry Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) rcurry@whoi.edu http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Ruth Curry Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information pointOfContact John Toole Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Toole, John M. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information author Curry, Ruth Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information author Joyce, Terry Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information author McCartney, Mike Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information author Smethie, William Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/ HTTP Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) website Institution web page information author tableDigital This dataset comprises of a series of hydrographic sections conducted 1-2 times annually between Oct 2001 and May 2014, along a line (Line-W) extending from the continental shelf south of New England towards Bermuda. Up to 29 full depth casts consisting of CTD (conductivity, temperature, pressure and oxygen), LADCP (lowered acoustic Doppler current profiler), and rosette water samples were acquired. Salinity and dissolved oxygen were analyzed from water samples during the cruise and used to calibrate the CTD sensors. Water samples were also analyzed for transient tracers (CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113 and SF6). This dataset also includes oceanographic moored measurements along Line-W in the North Atlantic from the years 2001 to 2014 observed by an array of up to 6 moorings. The moorings were instrumented with some combination of McLane Moored Profilers, MCATs (CTDs), VACMs, and ADCPs. Time series of profile data includes pressure, temperature, salinity, and velocity at 2-db vertical intervals. Fixed point CTDs returned pressure, temperature, and salinity at 15-minute intervals. Vector averaging current meters (VACMs) returned velocities (eastward and northward components) and temperature at 30-min intervals. Upward looking ADCPs were mounted at 400 m on a subset of the moorings. To clarify the ocean’s role in climate variability through changes in its transports of heat, freshwater and tracers. Funding Agency: National Science Foundation (NSF) pending NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0131503 Graphic not available. PNG 0131503 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2020-05-07 publication CHLOROFLUOROCARBON (CFC) CONDUCTIVITY CURRENT METER - EAST-WEST COMPONENT (U) CURRENT METER - NORTH-SOUTH COMPONENT (V) CURRENT SPEED DISSOLVED OXYGEN HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE SALINITY sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) WATER TEMPERATURE theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS ADCP bottle CTD current meter Niskin bottle instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS in situ moored buoy profile theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS CAPE HATTERAS ENDEAVOR OCEANUS R/V Atlantis R/V Knorr platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Line W project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS North Atlantic Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NODC > National Oceanographic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce WHOI > WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY > HALOCARBONS AND HALOGENS > CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > DISSOLVED GASES EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > HYDROCARBONS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > OXYGEN EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CIRCULATION > OCEAN CURRENTS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN PRESSURE > WATER PRESSURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > CONDUCTIVITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Eastward Velocity Northward Velocity Water velocity theme Provider Data Types CHLOROFLUOROCARBON (CFC) (picomole/kilogram) CONDUCTIVITY (mS/cm) CURRENT METER - EAST-WEST COMPONENT (U) (cm/sec) CURRENT METER - NORTH-SOUTH COMPONENT (V) (cm/sec) DISSOLVED OXYGEN (umole/kg) Eastward Velocity (cm/sec) HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE (dbar) Northward Velocity (cm/sec) SALINITY (psu) Sulfur Hexaflouride (SF6) (Fmole/kg) WATER TEMPERATURE (degrees C) Water velocity (m/s) theme Provider Variable Names ADCP > Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler CTD > Conductivity, Temperature, Depth CURRENT METERS NISKIN BOTTLES instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian ACM mounted on moored profiler ADCP Teledyne RDI Long Ranger CTD - SBE43 CTD - SeaBird 911 plus CTD mounted on moored profiler Rosette / Niskin bottles Teledyne RDI ADCP (lowered) Vector Averaging Current Meter: EG&G instrument Provider Instruments Ships platform Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian ATLANTIS (call sign: KAQP, ICES code: 33AT, 1997-) CAPE HATTERAS (call sign: WRZ8934, ICES code: 32KZ, 1981-) ENDEAVOR (call sign: WAUW, ICES code: 33EN) KNORR (call sign: KCEJ, ICES code: 316N, 1970-) OCEANUS (call sign: WXAQ, ICES code: 32OC, 1976-) platform ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Data in this archival information package are not currently available for public download from NCEI. Please contact NCEI directly for access to these data. accessLevel: restricted public otherRestrictions Cite as: Toole, John M.; Curry, Ruth; Joyce, Terry; McCartney, Mike; Smethie, William (2015). Shipboard and mooring oceanographic data from Line W in the North Atlantic from 2001-10-05 to 2014-05-09 (NCEI Accession 0131503). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Unpublished Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0131503. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Line W: Monitoring the North Atlantic Ocean's Deep Western Boundary Currents 2013 publication https://scienceweb.whoi.edu/linew/ HTTPS https://scienceweb.whoi.edu/linew/ program web page information Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information publisher [accessed 2020-12-16] crossReference program Toole, J. M., Curry, R. G., Joyce, T. M., McCartney, M., & Peña-Molino, B. (2011). Transport of the North Atlantic Deep Western Boundary Current about 39°N, 70°W: 2004–2008. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 58(17–18), 1768–1780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.058 2011-09 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.058 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.058 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.058 journal article information Toole, J.M. author Curry, R.G. author Joyce, T.M. author McCartney, M. author Peña-Molino, B. author Elsevier BV publisher documentDigital Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 58(17-18) ISSN 0967-0645, pp. 1768-1780 crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA utf8 environment oceans -70.215 -64.916 30.604 40.298 2001-10-05 2014-05-09 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Data in this archival information package are not currently available for public download from NCEI. Please contact NCEI directly for access to these data. netCDF 4.3.3.1 OceanSITES-1.3, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.2 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0131503 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/131503 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page. offlineAccess https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/131503 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page. offlineAccess https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Users may contact NCEI for more information and to request access to the archived data. User requests must be approved by NCEI and are subject to order fulfillment constraints. offlineAccess dataset Parameter or Variable: HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE (measured); Units: dbar; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: CTD mounted on moored profiler; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Profiler sampled in bursts unevenly spaced in time. Data binned in 2-dbar vertical intervals.; Data Quality Method: Data manually reviewed for quality Parameter or Variable: WATER TEMPERATURE (measured); Units: degrees C; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: CTD mounted on moored profiler; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Profiler sampled in bursts of 5 profiles unevenly spaced in time. Data were binned in 2-dbar vertical intervals.; Data Quality Method: Data manually reviewed for quality Parameter or Variable: SALINITY (measured); Units: psu; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: CTD mounted on moored profiler; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Profiler sampled in bursts of 5 profiles unevenly spaced in time. Data were binned in 2-dbar vertical intervals.; Data Quality Method: Data manually reviewed Parameter or Variable: Eastward Velocity (measured); Units: cm/sec; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: ACM mounted on moored profiler; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Profiler sampled in bursts of 5 profiles unevenly spaced in time. Velocities are mean value for each 2-dbar pressure bin in a profile.; Data Quality Method: Data manually reviewed Parameter or Variable: Northward Velocity (measured); Units: cm/sec; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: ACM mounted on moored profiler; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Profiler sampled in bursts of 5 profiles unevenly spaced in time. Velocities are mean value for each 2-dbar pressure bin in a profile.; Data Quality Method: Data manually reviewed Parameter or Variable: HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE (measured); Units: dbar; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: moored CTD SBE-37; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Sampled at 15-minute intervals at fixed depths on a mooring.; Data Quality Method: Manually reviewed Parameter or Variable: WATER TEMPERATURE (measured); Units: degrees C; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: CTD - moored CTD; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Sampled at 15-minute intervals at fixed depths on a mooring.; Data Quality Method: Manually reviewed Parameter or Variable: SALINITY (calculated); Units: psu; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: CTD - moored CTD SBE-37; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Salinities are derived from a conductivity sensor to which calibrations were applied and subsequently interpolated onto common timeline. Conductivity was sampled at 15-minute intervals at fixed depths on a mooring.; Data Quality Method: Data manually reviewed Parameter or Variable: CURRENT METER - EAST-WEST COMPONENT (U) (measured); Units: cm/sec; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Vector Averaging Current Meter; Sampling and Analyzing Method: EG&G current meters sampled at 30-min intervals at fixed points on a mooring. Clocks were corrected for drift, and all current meters for this mooring were interpolated onto a common 30-min timeline. A pressure time series at each VACM was synthesized from pressure sensors on other instruments and their positions on mooring. Temperatures were measured by thermistors integral to the current meter; Data Quality Method: Manually reviewed Parameter or Variable: CURRENT METER - NORTH-SOUTH COMPONENT (V) (measured); Units: cm/sec; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Vector Averaging Current Meter: EG&G; Sampling and Analyzing Method: current meters sampled at 30-min intervals at fixed points on a mooring. Clocks were corrected for drift, and all current meters for this mooring were interpolated onto a common 30-min timeline. A pressure time series at each VACM was synthesized from pressure sensors on other instruments and their positions on mooring. Temperatures were measured by thermistors integral to the current meter.; Data Quality Method: Manually reviewed Parameter or Variable: Water velocity (measured); Units: m/s; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: ADCP Teledyne RDI Long Ranger; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Upward facing ADCP was mounted on a mooring line; Data Quality Method: QC was applied to each individual instrument and manually reviewed Parameter or Variable: HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE (measured); Units: dbars; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: CTD - SeaBird 911 plus; Sampling and Analyzing Method: CTD data were acquired at 24 Hz by the instrument package which was lowered over the side on a conducting cable and winch system connected to a V2 CTD Deck Unit and computer running SeaBird software. SEASAVE CTD acquisition software (SeaBird) for Windows provided graphical data to the screen. Bottom approach was controlled by real time altimeter data and ship echosounder-derived ocean depth information. After each station, the raw CTD data were run through the SeaBird data processing software. The data were converted from HEX to ASCII, lag corrected, edited for large spikes, smoothed according to sensor, and pressure averaged into 2-dbar bins for final data quality control and analysis.; Data Quality Method: Data manually reviewed for quality Parameter or Variable: WATER TEMPERATURE (measured); Units: degrees C; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: CTD Seabird 911 plus; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Dual temperature sensors were installed on the instrument which sampled at 24 Hz. After each station, the raw CTD data were run through SeaBird data processing software. The data were converted from HEX to ASCII, lag corrected, edited for large spikes, smoothed according to sensor, and pressure averaged into 2-decibar bins for final data quality control.; Data Quality Method: Sensors were factory calibrated pre- and post-cruise. Data were manually reviewed for quality Parameter or Variable: CONDUCTIVITY (measured); Units: mS/cm; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: CTD Seabird 911 plus; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Dual conductivity sensors were installed on the instrument which sampled at 24 Hz. After each station, the raw CTD data were run through SeaBird data processing software. The data were converted from HEX to ASCII, lag corrected, edited for large spikes, smoothed according to sensor, and pressure averaged into 2-dbar bins for final data quality control; Data Quality Method: Conductivity profiles were compared to co-located water sample conductivities measured in the lab with a Guildline Salinometer. A slope and bias correction was generated from a least-squares minimization of the difference between CTD and water sample conductivities for groups of casts and applied to those profiles. Data were manually reviewed for quality Parameter or Variable: SALINITY (calculated); Units: psu; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: CTD Seabird 911 plus; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Salinities were derived from conductivity profiles measured by the the CTD.; Data Quality Method: Temperature-Salinity profiles were manually reviewed and compared to climatological values Parameter or Variable: DISSOLVED OXYGEN (measured); Units: umole/kg; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: CTD - SBE43; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Oxygen current was measured by the SBE43 sampling at 24 Hz and converted to dissolved oxygen concentrations using SeaBird software. These were compared to O2 values analyzed in co-located water samples using a modified Winkler titration method, with slope and bias corrections being applied to the CTD O2 profiles.; Data Quality Method: Water sample data and CTD Temperature-O2 profiles were manually reviewed to assign quality flags Parameter or Variable: CHLOROFLUOROCARBON (CFC) (measured); Units: picomole/kilogram; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Rosette / Niskin bottles; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Water samples were acquired at discrete levels in the profile and drawn asap through a PVC tube into a 500 cc glass bottle. Measurements were made using a dual purge and trap system interfaced to a dual ECD (electron capture detector) HP6890 gas chromatograph within 8 hours of collection.; Data Quality Method: Duplicate samples were collected at most stations and measured to provide a combined precision for sampling and measurement : between 0.5 and 1% for CFC-11 and CFC-12, between 1 and 2% for CFC-113 Parameter or Variable: Sulfur Hexaflouride (SF6) (measured); Units: Fmole/kg; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Rosette / Niskin bottles; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Water samples were acquired at discrete levels in the profile and drawn asap through a PVC tube into a 500 cc glass bottle. Measurements were made using a dual purge and trap system interfaced to a dual ECD (electron capture detector) HP6890 gas chromatograph within 8 hours of collection.; Data Quality Method: Duplicate samples were collected at most stations and measured to provide a combined precision for sampling and measurement : between 1 and 5% Parameter or Variable: Water Velocity (measured); Units: m/s; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Teledyne RDI ADCP (lowered); Sampling and Analyzing Method: A dual instrument system consisted of an upward facing 300 kHz ADCP and a downward facing 150 kHz ADCP was deployed on the CTD/rosette frame.; Data Quality Method: Data were all processed using LADCP Processing software version IX_10 from LDEO, Columbia University repository NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015. 2015-04-22T00:00:00 asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian ADCP ADCP Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler The Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) measures currents beneath a ship while underway. Sound signals sent from the moving ship bounce back to receivers aboard the ship. This provides a profile of water movement relative to the ship-precise modern navigation, allowing the ship's motion to be subtracted from the data. These devices are also used on moorings and profilers and, along with acoustic backscattering, measure animal biomass. Particles in the path of the sound waves, mostly plankton, reflect a small part of the sound energy back toward receivers, allowing researchers to make remote estimates of the sizes and numbers of animals present in the water column. Before the 1970's, the most technologically advanced instrument used to measure water velocity was known as a Doppler speed log. This evolved into the first commercial ADCP, produced in the mid-1970's, which used averaging. Later in the 1970's, the first vessel-mounted ADCP was developed to measure water velocity more accurately and to allow measurement in range cells over a depth profile. As instruments evolved, so did new techniques in Doppler signal processing. Initially, Doppler speed logs used simple analog signal processing methods, which are still used in some commercial speed logs today. However, the first ADCPs incorporated analog-to-digital signal conversion over a narrow communication bandwidth. Around 1990, this technique was developed into broadband signal processing. Since then, broadband ADCPs have been able to generate very accurate, real-time velocity measurements. bottle bottle any type of water bottle sampling device Generic name for water collection device; usually used to determine temperature, salinity and provide water aliquots for measurement of a wide range of parameters; often referred to by a specific type of water sampling bottle, such as a Nansen or Niskin bottle. CTD CTD Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe current meter current meter current meter Niskin bottle Niskin bottle Device for obtaining samples of seawater at a specific depth Why special entry for Niskin bottle but no entry for Nansen bottle? CAPE HATTERAS CAPE HATTERAS ENDEAVOR Flag: United States of America Vessel Type: Container Ship DOB: IMO: Farrell Lines, Inc. OCEANUS Flag: United States of America Vessel Type: Research Vessel DOB: 1975 IMO: 7603617 MMSI: 367977000 R/V Atlantis Flag: United States of America Vessel Type: Research Vessel (Oceanographic) DOB: Mar 1997 IMO: 9105798 AS OF 3/3/1997 - WHOI https://www.whoi.edu/what-we-do/explore/ships/ships-atlantis/ R/V Knorr Title: R/V Flag: United States of America Vessel Type: Research Vessel (Oceanographic) DOB: 1970 IMO: 7738618 MMSI: 367246000