gov.noaa.nodc:0205786 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2025-05-16T15:50:30Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Assessment of heat stress exposure in the wider Caribbean coral reefs through the regional delineation of degree heating week data from 1985-01-01 to 2017-12-31 (NCEI Accession 0205786) 2019-11-15 publication 2019-10-24 creation NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0205786 NCEI Archive Management System 0205786 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Aarón I. Muñiz-Castillo Merida Unit of the Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV) https://www.mda.cinvestav.mx/ HTTPS Merida Unit of the Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Merida Unit of the Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV) https://www.mda.cinvestav.mx/ HTTPS Merida Unit of the Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Aarón I. Muñiz-Castillo LEEAC-CINVESTAV (Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N.) israbios.muca@gmail.com principalInvestigator Jesús Arias-González LEEAC-CINVESTAV (Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N.) earias@cinvestav.mx principalInvestigator Muñiz-Castillo, Aarón Israel LEEAC-CINVESTAV (Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N.) author Rivera-Sosa, Andrea author Chollett, Iliana author Eakin, C. Mark National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration https://www.noaa.gov/ HTTPS National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) website Institution web page information author Andrade-Gómez, Luisa author McField, Melanie author Arias-González, Jesús Ernesto LEEAC-CINVESTAV (Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N.) author Merida Unit of the Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV) https://www.mda.cinvestav.mx/ HTTPS Merida Unit of the Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This data package presents a three-decade (1985-2017) assessment of heat stress exposure in the wider Caribbean coral reefs at the ecoregional and local scales. The main heat stress indicator used was the Degree Heating Weeks (DHW) calculated from daily Sea Surface Temperature "CoralTemp" data from CRW-NOAA available from 1985 to the present and from the maximum monthly mean (MMM) version 3.1 at 5 km of the CRW-NOAA program. Different metrics were calculated based on daily DHW and are available in this dataset: a) the maximum value of DHW per pixel for the entire time series b) the frequency of the annual maximum values of DHW ≥ 4 °C- weeks (a predictor of coral "bleaching risk") per pixel c) the frequency of the annual maximum values of DHW ≥ 8 °C- weeks (a predictor of bleach-induced mortality or "mortality risk") per pixel d) the year in which the maximum of DHW occurred e) the trend of the annual maximum values of DHW per pixel. Based on the spatiotemporal annual maximum DHW, a new regionalization of heat stress was performed by cluster analysis with the K-means algorithm through the unsupervised classification, this new regionalization delimits the Caribbean in 8 Heat Stress Regions (HSR). We summarized spatiotemporal daily data to describe the temporal patterns at an ecoregional scale by calculating the descriptive statistics of the regional DHW on a given day. This dataset represents a new baseline and regionalization of heat stress in the wider Caribbean coral reefs that will enhance conservation and planning efforts underway. This data package presents a three-decade (1985-2017) assessment of heat stress exposure in the wider Caribbean coral reefs at the ecoregional and local scales. This database is part of the doctoral thesis of A. Israel Muñiz Castillo carried out at CINVESTAV Unidad Mérida with a CONACyT doctoral grant #340074. The study presented in Muñiz-Castillo et al. (2019) related to this dataset aimed to: (a) Characterize the geographical extent and variability of heat stress in the Caribbean ecoregions, (b) classify the wider Caribbean into new heat-stress regions based on historical heat stress, and (c) assess the temporal variability of heat stress in the Caribbean and its relation to past ENSO events. Funding Agency: CINVESTAV; FOMIX; CONACYT completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0205786 Preview graphic PNG 0205786 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2019-07-18 publication SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS laboratory analysis instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS model output physical satellite data theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS Merida Unit of the Center for Research and Advanced Studies dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Merida Unit of the Center for Research and Advanced Studies dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) CORAL REEF STUDIES Coral Reef Watch (CRW) project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Caribbean Sea North Atlantic Ocean North Pacific Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication Biodiversided y funcionalidad de los arrecifes coralinos del Caribe Mexicano Healthy Reefs for Healthy People (Smithsonian Institution and Mesoamerican Reef) Red Oceano, Clima y Cambio Global Vulnerabilidad ecologica del Sistema Arrecifal Mesoamericano project Provider Project Names Geographic Information > Climate Geographic Information > Sea Surface Temperature theme CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral Diseases > Bleaching > Degree Heating Week (DHW) EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral Diseases > Bleaching > Sea Surface Temperature (SST) theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Annual maximum DHW valye from 1985 to 2017 Frequency of annual maximum DH values > = 4 degree Celsius weeks Frequency of annual maximum DH values > = 8 degree Celsius weeks Heat-stress regions Maximum DHW value per pixel from 1987 to 2017 Median of the regional DHW values on a given day Reef location mask Trend of annual maximum DHW Year in which the maximum DHW occurred theme Provider Keywords Mixed spatial information Satellite sensor instrument Provider Instruments COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Bahamas > Bahamas (24N078W0000) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Cuba > Cuba (22N079W0000) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Dominican Republic > Dominican Republic (19N070W0000) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Haiti > Haiti (19N072W0000) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Mexico > Mexico (20N100W0000) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Florida > Florida Reef Tract (26N080W0007) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Puerto Rico > Puerto Rico (18N066W0000) OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea /North Atlantic Ocean > Cuba > Cuba (22N079W0000) OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea /North Atlantic Ocean > Dominican Republic > Dominican Republic (19N070W0000) OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea /North Atlantic Ocean > Greater Antilles > Haiti (19N072W0000) OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea /North Atlantic Ocean > Puerto Rico > Puerto Rico (18N066W0000) OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Gulf of Mexico > Mexico > Mexico (20N100W0000) OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > North Atlantic Ocean > Bahamas > Bahamas (24N078W0000) OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > North Atlantic Ocean > Florida Reef Tract (26N080W0007) place CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > CARIBBEAN SEA OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian 2JHFMG Send2NCEI Submission Package ID accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Muñiz-Castillo, Aarón Israel; Rivera-Sosa, Andrea; Chollett, Iliana; Eakin, C. Mark; Andrade-Gómez, Luisa; McField, Melanie; Arias-González, Jesús Ernesto (2019). Assessment of heat stress exposure in the wider Caribbean coral reefs through the regional delineation of degree heating week data from 1985-01-01 to 2017-12-31 (NCEI Accession 0205786). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0205786. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Muñiz-Castillo, A. I., Rivera-Sosa, A., Chollett, I., Eakin, C. M., Andrade-Gómez, L., McField, M., & Arias-González, J. E. (2019). Three decades of heat stress exposure in Caribbean coral reefs: a new regional delineation to enhance conservation. Scientific Reports, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47307-0 2019-07-29 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47307-0 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47307-0 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47307-0 Online Journal Article information Muñiz-Castillo, Aarón Israel author Rivera-Sosa, Andrea author Chollett, Iliana author Eakin, C. Mark National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration https://www.noaa.gov/ HTTPS National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) website Institution web page information author Andrade-Gómez, Luisa Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education at Ensenada author McField, Melanie author Arias-González, Jesús Ernesto author Springer Science and Business Media LLC publisher documentDigital Sci Rep 9(1) ISSN 2045-2322 crossReference Laboratory of Ecology of Coral Reef Ecosystems 2019 publication https://www.mda.cinvestav.mx/Investigaci%C3%B3n/DepartamentodeRecursosdelMar/Laboratorios/Ecolog%C3%ADadeecosistemasdearrecifesycoralinos.aspx HTTPS Laboratorio de Ecologia de Ecosistemas de Arrecifes Coralinos Website information Jesus Ernesto Arias Gonzalez contributor Jose Luis Cabrera Perez contributor CINVESTAV Unidad Merida contributor Laboratorio de Ecologia de Ecosistemas de Arrecifes Coralinos https://www.mda.cinvestav.mx/Investigaci%C3%B3n/DepartamentodeRecursosdelMar/Laboratorios/Ecolog%C3%ADadeecosistemasdearrecifesycoralinos.aspx HTTPS website Institution web page information publisher documentDigital crossReference Healthy Reefs for Healthy People 2019 publication http://www.healthyreefs.org/cms/ HTTP Healthy Reefs for Healthy People Website information Healthy Reefs Initiative http://www.healthyreefs.org/cms/ HTTP website Institution web page information author Healthy Reefs http://www.healthyreefs.org/cms/ HTTP website Institution web page information publisher documentDigital crossReference Working Land and Seascapes: Science serving people and nature publication https://wls.si.edu/ HTTPS Working Land and Seascapes Website information Tom Akre contributor Melanie McField contributor Molly Dodge contributor Matt Lutkenhouse contributor Jessica Deichmann contributor Steve Canty contributor Christine Buckley contributor Kim Komatsu contributor Matt Ogburn contributor Amy Hruska contributor Justin Nowakowski contributor Allison Tracy contributor The Smithsonian Institution https://www.si.edu/ HTTPS website Institution web page information publisher documentDigital Smithsonian Conservation Commons crossReference Coral Reef Watch Satellite Monitoring and Modeled Outlooks 2019 publication https://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/index.php HTTPS Coral Reef Watch Satellite Monitoring and Modeled Outlooks Coral Reef Watch Website information NOAA Coral Reef Watch https://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/index.php HTTPS website Institution web page information author National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration https://www.noaa.gov/ HTTPS website Institution web page information publisher multimediaDigital Daily SST and the MMM data were available from NOAA CRW program CoralTemp Dataset version 3.1 crossReference Global Distribution of Coral Reefs 2018 publication https://data.unep-wcmc.org/datasets/1 HTTPS Global Distribution of Coral Reefs Website with dataset download access download UNEP-WCMC, WorldFish Centre, WRI, TNC https://data.unep-wcmc.org/ HTTPS website Institution web page information author UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Center https://data.unep-wcmc.org/ HTTPS website Institution web page information publisher multimediaDigital Datasets 1-4 crossReference Spalding, M. D., Fox, H. E., Allen, G. R., Davidson, N., Ferdaña, Z. A., Finlayson, M., Halpern, B. S., Jorge, M. A., Lombana, A., Lourie, S. A., Martin, K. D., McManus, E., Molnar, J., Recchia, C. A., & Robertson, J. (2007). Marine Ecoregions of the World: A Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Areas. BioScience, 57(7), 573–583. https://doi.org/10.1641/b570707 2007-07-01 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1641/b570707 https://doi.org/10.1641/b570707 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1641/b570707 Journal Article information Spalding, Mark D. author Fox, Helen E. author Allen, Gerald R. author Davidson, Nick author Ferdaña, Zach A. author Finlayson, Max author Halpern, Benjamin S. author Jorge, Miguel A. author Lombana, Al author Lourie, Sara A. author Martin, Kirsten D. author McManus, Edmund author Molnar, Jennifer author Recchia, Cheri A. author Robertson, James author Oxford University Press (OUP) publisher documentDigital BioScience 57(7) ISSN 1525-3244, ISSN 0006-3568, pp. 573-583 crossReference Liu, G., Heron, S., Eakin, C., Muller-Karger, F., Vega-Rodriguez, M., Guild, L., De La Cour, J., Geiger, E., Skirving, W., Burgess, T., Strong, A., Harris, A., Maturi, E., Ignatov, A., Sapper, J., Li, J., & Lynds, S. (2014). Reef-Scale Thermal Stress Monitoring of Coral Ecosystems: New 5-km Global Products from NOAA Coral Reef Watch. Remote Sensing, 6(11), 11579–11606. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61111579 2014-11-20 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61111579 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61111579 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61111579 Journal Article information Liu, Gang Coral Reef Watch, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA author Heron, Scott Coral Reef Watch, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA author Eakin, C. Coral Reef Watch, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA author Muller-Karger, Frank Institute for Marine Remote Sensing, College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA author Vega-Rodriguez, Maria Institute for Marine Remote Sensing, College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA author Guild, Liane Ames Research Center/Earth Science Division, U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA author De La Cour, Jacqueline Coral Reef Watch, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA author Geiger, Erick Coral Reef Watch, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA author Skirving, William Coral Reef Watch, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA author Burgess, Timothy Coral Reef Watch, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA author Strong, Alan Coral Reef Watch, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA author Harris, Andy NESDIS/STAR, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA author Maturi, Eileen NESDIS/STAR, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA author Ignatov, Alexander NESDIS/STAR, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA author Sapper, John NESDIS/OSPO, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA author Li, Jianke DigitalGlobe, Inc., Herndon, VA 20171, USA author Lynds, Susan Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA author MDPI AG publisher documentDigital Remote Sensing 6(11) ISSN 2072-4292, pp. 11579-11606 crossReference Weatherhead, E. C., Reinsel, G. C., Tiao, G. C., Meng, X., Choi, D., Cheang, W., Keller, T., DeLuisi, J., Wuebbles, D. J., Kerr, J. B., Miller, A. J., Oltmans, S. J., & Frederick, J. E. (1998). Factors affecting the detection of trends: Statistical considerations and applications to environmental data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 103(D14), 17149–17161. https://doi.org/10.1029/98jd00995 1998-07 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1029/98jd00995 https://doi.org/10.1029/98jd00995 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1029/98jd00995 Journal Article information Weatherhead, Elizabeth C. author Reinsel, Gregory C. author Tiao, George C. author Meng, Xiao‐Li author Choi, Dongseok author Cheang, Wai‐Kwong author Keller, Teddie author DeLuisi, John author Wuebbles, Donald J. author Kerr, James B. author Miller, Alvin J. author Oltmans, Samuel J. author Frederick, John E. author American Geophysical Union (AGU) publisher documentDigital J. Geophys. Res. 103(D14) ISSN 0148-0227, pp. 17149-17161 crossReference eng; USA utf8 environment oceans -97 -59.2 8.35 32.7 1985-01-01 2017-12-31 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. netCDF netCDF-3 NCEI_NetCDF_Grid_Template_v2.0, ACDD-1.3, CF-1.6 CSV PDF DOCX 64.828 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0205786 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/205786 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/205786 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0149/0205786/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0205786 v1.1 was published. 2019-11-15T21:59:30Z NCEI Accession 0205786 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0205786/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0205786 v1.1 published 2019-11-15T21:59:30Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: Maximum DHW value per pixel from 1987 to 2017 (calculated); Units: °C-weeks; Observation Category: satellite; Sampling Instrument: satellite sensor; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The main heat stress indicator used was the Degree Heating Weeks (DHW) (Liu et al., 2014) calculated from daily Sea Surface Temperature "CoralTemp" data from CRW-NOAA available from 1985 to the present (https://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/product/5km/index.php) and from the maximum monthly mean (MMM) version 3.1 at 5 km of the CRW-NOAA program (https://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/bleaching5km/index.php). The maximum DHW value for the entire time series from 1985 to 2017 for the Caribbean reefs was obtained (Muñiz-Castillo et al., 2019). This raster shows the greatest magnitude of exposure to heat stress presented in the entire time series, it was obtained from simple functions performed in R version 3.4.1 (R Core Team, 2017) using the “raster” (Hijmans, 2017) and “sp” (Bivand, R.S. et al., 2013; Pebesma & Bivand, 2005) libraries. References: Bivand, R.S., Pebesma, E.J., & Gomez-Rubio, V. (2013). Applied spatial data analysis with R; Second edition. New York: Springer. Hijmans, R. J. (2017). Raster: Geographic Data Analysis and Modeling. R package version 2.6-7. Liu, G., Heron, S. F., Mark Eakin, C., Muller-Karger, F. E., Vega-Rodriguez, M., Guild, L. S., … Lynds, S. (2014). Reef-scale thermal stress monitoring of coral ecosystems: New 5-km global products from NOAA coral reef watch. Remote Sensing, 6(11), 11579–11606. http://doi.org/10.3390/rs61111579 Muñiz-Castillo, A. I., Rivera-Sosa, A., Chollett, I., Eakin, C. M., Andrade-Gómez, L., McField, M., & Arias-González, J. E. (2019). Three decades of heat stress exposure in Caribbean coral reefs: a new regional delineation to enhance conservation. Scientific Reports. http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47307-0 Pebesma, E. J., & Bivand, R. S. (2005). Classes and methods for spatial data in R. R News 5. R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. (2017). Vienna, Austria.: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Parameter or Variable: Annual maximum DHW value from 1985 to 2017 (calculated); Units: °C-weeks; Observation Category: satellite; Sampling Instrument: satellite sensor; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The main heat stress indicator used was the Degree Heating Weeks (DHW) (Liu et al., 2014) calculated from daily Sea Surface Temperature "CoralTemp" data from CRW-NOAA available from 1985 to the present (https://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/product/5km/index.php) and from the maximum monthly mean (MMM) version 3.1 at 5 km of the CRW-NOAA program (https://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/bleaching5km/index.php). The annual DHW maximum was the main indicator used to evaluate the exposure to heat stress and represents the maximum heat stress accumulated in the year (Muñiz-Castillo et al., 2019). This multi-layer raster was produced with functions conducted in R version 3.4.1 ( R Core Team, 2017) using the “raster” (Hijmans, 2017) and “sp” (Bivand, R.S. et al., 2013; Pebesma & Bivand, 2005) libraries. References: Bivand, R.S., Pebesma, E.J., & Gomez-Rubio, V. (2013). Applied spatial data analysis with R; Second edition. New York: Springer. Hijmans, R. J. (2017). Raster: Geographic Data Analysis and Modeling. R package version 2.6-7. Liu, G., Heron, S. F., Mark Eakin, C., Muller-Karger, F. E., Vega-Rodriguez, M., Guild, L. S., … Lynds, S. (2014). Reef-scale thermal stress monitoring of coral ecosystems: New 5-km global products from NOAA coral reef watch. Remote Sensing, 6(11), 11579–11606. http://doi.org/10.3390/rs61111579 Muñiz-Castillo, A. I., Rivera-Sosa, A., Chollett, I., Eakin, C. M., Andrade-Gómez, L., McField, M., & Arias-González, J. E. (2019). Three decades of heat stress exposure in Caribbean coral reefs: a new regional delineation to enhance conservation. Scientific Reports. http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47307-0 Pebesma, E. J., & Bivand, R. S. (2005). Classes and methods for spatial data in R. R News 5. R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. (2017). Vienna, Austria.: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Parameter or Variable: Frequency of annual maximum DHW values ≥ 4 ºC-weeks (calculated); Units: N° of events; Observation Category: satellite; Sampling Instrument: satellite sensor; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The frequency of annual maximum DHW values ≥ 4 °C-weeks (a predictor of coral “bleaching risk”) per pixel based on the annual DHW maxima was calculated (Muñiz-Castillo et al., 2019). This indicator represents the frequency at which annual maxima have exceeded the recognized threshold at which coral bleaching can occur (Beyer et al., 2018; Eakin et al., 2010; Heron, Maynard, van Hooidonk, & Eakin, 2016). The resulting raster presenting the frequency of events was obtained from simple functions performed in R version 3.4.1( R Core Team, 2017) using the “raster” (Hijmans, 2017) and “sp” (Bivand, R.S. et al., 2013; Pebesma & Bivand, 2005) libraries. References: Beyer, H. L., Kennedy, E. V, Beger, M., Chen, C. A., Cinner, J. E., Darling, E. S., … Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (2018). Risk-sensitive planning for conserving coral reefs under rapid climate change. Conservation Letters, (May), e12587. http://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12587 Bivand, R.S., Pebesma, E.J., & Gomez-Rubio, V. (2013). Applied spatial data analysis with R; Second edition. New York: Springer. Eakin, C. M., Morgan, J. A., Heron, S. F., Smith, T. B., Liu, G., Alvarez-Filip, L., … Yusuf, Y. (2010). Caribbean corals in crisis: Record thermal stress, bleaching, and mortality in 2005. PLoS ONE, 5(11). http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013969 Heron, S. F., Maynard, J. A., van Hooidonk, R., & Eakin, C. M. (2016). Warming Trends and Bleaching Stress of the World’s Coral Reefs 1985–2012. Scientific Reports, 6(1), 38402. http://doi.org/10.1038/srep38402 Hijmans, R. J. (2017). Raster: Geographic Data Analysis and Modeling. R package version 2.6-7. Muñiz-Castillo, A. I., Rivera-Sosa, A., Chollett, I., Eakin, C. M., Andrade-Gómez, L., McField, M., & Arias-González, J. E. (2019). Three decades of heat stress exposure in Caribbean coral reefs: a new regional delineation to enhance conservation. Scientific Reports. http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47307-0 Pebesma, E. J., & Bivand, R. S. (2005). Classes and methods for spatial data in R. R News 5. R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. (2017). Vienna, Austria.: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Parameter or Variable: Frequency of annual maximum DHW values ≥ 8 ºC-weeks (calculated); Units: N° of events; Observation Category: satellite; Sampling Instrument: satellite sensor; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The frequency of annual maximum DHW values ≥ 8 °C-weeks (a predictor of bleaching-induced mortality or “mortality risk”) per pixel based on the annual DHW maxima was calculated (Muñiz-Castillo et al., 2019). This indicator represents the frequency at which annual maxima have exceeded the recognized threshold at which mass coral mortality due to bleaching may occur (Beyer et al., 2018; Eakin et al., 2010; Heron et al., 2016). The resulting raster presenting the frequency of events was obtained from simple functions performed in R version 3.4.1( R Core Team, 2017) using the “raster” (Hijmans, 2017) and “sp” (Bivand, R.S. et al., 2013; Pebesma & Bivand, 2005) libraries. References: Beyer, H. L., Kennedy, E. V, Beger, M., Chen, C. A., Cinner, J. E., Darling, E. S., … Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (2018). Risk-sensitive planning for conserving coral reefs under rapid climate change. Conservation Letters, (May), e12587. http://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12587 Bivand, R.S., Pebesma, E.J., & Gomez-Rubio, V. (2013). Applied spatial data analysis with R; Second edition. New York: Springer. Eakin, C. M., Morgan, J. A., Heron, S. F., Smith, T. B., Liu, G., Alvarez-Filip, L., … Yusuf, Y. (2010). Caribbean corals in crisis: Record thermal stress, bleaching, and mortality in 2005. PLoS ONE, 5(11). http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013969 Heron, S. F., Maynard, J. A., van Hooidonk, R., & Eakin, C. M. (2016). Warming Trends and Bleaching Stress of the World’s Coral Reefs 1985–2012. Scientific Reports, 6(1), 38402. http://doi.org/10.1038/srep38402 Hijmans, R. J. (2017). Raster: Geographic Data Analysis and Modeling. R package version 2.6-7. Muñiz-Castillo, A. I., Rivera-Sosa, A., Chollett, I., Eakin, C. M., Andrade-Gómez, L., McField, M., & Arias-González, J. E. (2019). Three decades of heat stress exposure in Caribbean coral reefs: a new regional delineation to enhance conservation. Scientific Reports. http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47307-0 Pebesma, E. J., & Bivand, R. S. (2005). Classes and methods for spatial data in R. R News 5. R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. (2017). Vienna, Austria.: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Parameter or Variable: Trend of annual maximum DHW (calculated); Units: °C-weeks per year; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: satellite sensor; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The trend of annual maximum DHW was calculated with a Generalized Least Squares model (GLS) (Muñiz-Castillo et al., 2019), introducing to the regression a structure of temporal autocorrelation (AR1, which represents the covariance of order 1 considering the temporal similarity between the nearest years; Weatherhead et al., 1998). Because we calculated the trend from annual values, the GLS model did not consider seasonality. Once the slope of the regression was obtained, we calculated the significance of the slope at a 95% confidence, considering as a null hypothesis that the tendency was equal to zero. In all pixels in which the slope was not significant, the value of zero was set to represent a null slope. The analyses were performed from the functions available in the “nlme” library (Pinheiro J, Bates D, DebRoy S, 2017) of program R (R Core Team, 2017). *References: Muñiz-Castillo, A. I., Rivera-Sosa, A., Chollett, I., Eakin, C. M., Andrade-Gómez, L., McField, M., & Arias-González, J. E. (2019). Three decades of heat stress exposure in Caribbean coral reefs: a new regional delineation to enhance conservation. Scientific Reports. http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47307-0 Pinheiro J, Bates D, DebRoy S, S. D. and R. C. T. (2017). nlme: Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models. R package version 3.1-131, https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=nlme. R Package Version 3.1-131, Https://CRAN.R-Project.Org/Package=nlme. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2011.05.003 R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. (2017). Vienna, Austria.: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Weatherhead, E. C., Reinsel, G. C., Tiao, G. C., Meng, X.-L., Choi, D., Cheang, W.-K., … Frederick, J. E. (1998). Factors affecting the detection of trends: Statistical considerations and applications to environmental data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 103(D14), 17149–17161. http://doi.org/10.1029/98JD00995 Parameter or Variable: Year in which the maximum DHW occurred (calculated); Units: Year; Observation Category: satellite; Sampling Instrument: satellite sensor; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The year in wich the maximum DHW was recorded in each pixel was calculated (Muñiz-Castillo et al., 2019). The resulting raster presenting the year with the maximum DHW in the entire time series and was obtained from simple functions performed in R version 3.4.1( R Core Team, 2017) using the “raster” (Hijmans, 2017) and “sp” (Bivand, R.S. et al., 2013; Pebesma & Bivand, 2005) libraries. *References: Bivand, R.S., Pebesma, E.J., & Gomez-Rubio, V. (2013). Applied spatial data analysis with R; Second edition. New York: Springer. Muñiz-Castillo, A. I., Rivera-Sosa, A., Chollett, I., Eakin, C. M., Andrade-Gómez, L., McField, M., & Arias-González, J. E. (2019). Three decades of heat stress exposure in Caribbean coral reefs: a new regional delineation to enhance conservation. Scientific Reports. http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47307-0 Pebesma, E. J., & Bivand, R. S. (2005). Classes and methods for spatial data in R. R News 5. R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. (2017). Vienna, Austria.: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Parameter or Variable: Heat-Stress Regions (calculated); Units: Heat-Stress Regions ID; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: satellite sensor; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The regionalization of heat stress was performed by a clustering analysis with the K-means algorithm through the unsupervised classification function present in the “RStoolbox” library (Leutner, Horning, Schwalb-Willmann, & Hijmans, 2018). The maximum annual DHWs during the years 1985-2017 were used as input to the clustering procedure. To identify the optimal number of groups, we used the graphic elbow criterion. This evaluation illustrated a curve of the remaining variation from the addition of each given number of groups, revealing a relationship of the variance among added groups and the total variance. The spatiotemporal variation of heat stress (cluster analysis using K-means and eight optimal regions obtained using elbow criteria) yielded eight spatially distinct heat-stress regions (HSR) characterized by different time patterns of exposure levels (Muñiz-Castillo et al., 2019). *References: Leutner, B., Horning, N., Schwalb-Willmann, J., & Hijmans, R. J. (2018). RStoolbox: Tools for Remote Sensing Data Analysis. R package version 0.2.3. Muñiz-Castillo, A. I., Rivera-Sosa, A., Chollett, I., Eakin, C. M., Andrade-Gómez, L., McField, M., & Arias-González, J. E. (2019). Three decades of heat stress exposure in Caribbean coral reefs: a new regional delineation to enhance conservation. Scientific Reports. http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47307-0 Parameter or Variable: Median of the regional DHW values on a given day (calculated); Units: °C-weeks; Observation Category: satellite; Sampling Instrument: satellite sensor; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Based on the spatiotemporal information of the daily DHW in the mask of coral reefs, time series that present the main descriptive statistical indicators at the ecoregion scale (Spalding et al., 2007) on a given day was made. For this purpose, the statistical descriptors were obtained summarizing the information of all the pixels of each ecoregion in each of the days considered (Muñiz-Castillo et al., 2019). *References: Muñiz-Castillo, A. I., Rivera-Sosa, A., Chollett, I., Eakin, C. M., Andrade-Gómez, L., McField, M., & Arias-González, J. E. (2019). Three decades of heat stress exposure in Caribbean coral reefs: a new regional delineation to enhance conservation. Scientific Reports. http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47307-0 Spalding, M. D., Fox, H. E., Allen, G. R., Davidson, N., Ferdaña, Z. a., Finlayson, M., … Robertson, J. (2007). Marine Ecoregions of the World: A Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Areas. BioScience, 57(7), 573. http://doi.org/10.1641/B570707 Parameter or Variable: Reef locations mask (calculated); Units: Mask; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: Based on mixed spatial information; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Heat stress on coral reefs was characterized by analyzing the pixels within 20 km of reef locations within the wider Caribbean (32.7°N-8.4°N, 59.2°-97.0°W). We used a buffer to include nearby adjacent areas with the presence of coral reefs and improving visualization and reef scale. Reef locations were obtained from the Global Distribution of Coral Reefs (UNEP-WCMC & Centre, 2010). This raster represents the mask of the coral reefs for the subsequent analysis presented in Muñiz-Castillo et al. (2019) and in this dataset. *References: Muñiz-Castillo, A. I., Rivera-Sosa, A., Chollett, I., Eakin, C. M., Andrade-Gómez, L., McField, M., & Arias-González, J. E. (2019). Three decades of heat stress exposure in Caribbean coral reefs: a new regional delineation to enhance conservation. Scientific Reports. http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47307-0 UNEP-WCMC & Centre, W. F. Global Distribution of Coral Reefs. World Wide Web Electron. Publ. http//data.unep-wcmc.org/datasets 1–4 (2010). asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian laboratory analysis laboratory analysis use as an observation type