{
  "@type": "dcat:Dataset",
  "accessLevel": "public",
  "bureauCode": [
    "009:25"
  ],
  "contactPoint": {
    "@type": "vcard:Contact",
    "fn": "NIH",
    "hasEmail": "mailto:info@nih.gov"
  },
  "description": "Background\n          A \"physiologically based pharmacokinetic\" (PBPK) approach uses a realistic model of the animal to describe the pharmacokinetics. Previous PBPKs have been designed for specific solutes, required specification of a large number of parameters and have not been designed for general use.\n        \n        \n          Methods\n          This new PBPK program (PKQuest) includes a \"Standardhuman\" and \"Standardrat\" data set so that the user input is minimized. It has a simple user interface, graphical output and many new features: 1) An option that uses the measured plasma concentrations to solve for the time course of the gastrointestinal, intramuscular, intraperotineal or skin absorption and systemic availability of a drug – for a general non-linear system. 2) Capillary permeability limitation defined in terms of the permeability-surface area products. 4) Saturable plasma and tissue protein binding. 5) A lung model that includes perfusion-ventilation mismatch. 6) A general optimization routine using either a global (simulated annealing) or local (Powell) minimization applicable to all model parameters.\n        \n        \n          Results\n          PKQuest was applied to measurements of human propranolol pharmacokinetics and intestinal absorption. A meal has two effects: 1) increases portal blood flow by 50%; and 2) decreases liver metabolism by 20%. There is a significant delay in the oval propranolol absorption in fasting subjects that is absent in fed subjects. The oral absorption of the long acting form of propranolol continues for a period of more than 24 hours.\n        \n        \n          Conclusions\n          PKQuest provides a new general purpose, easy to use, freely distributed  and physiologically rigorous PBPK software routine.",
  "distribution": [
    {
      "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
      "description": "Visit the original government dataset for complete information, documentation, and data access.",
      "downloadURL": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC126244/",
      "mediaType": "text/html",
      "title": "Official Government Data Source"
    }
  ],
  "identifier": "https://healthdata.gov/api/views/aeuk-z5vc",
  "issued": "2025-07-14",
  "keyword": [
    "nih",
    "pbpk-modeling",
    "pharmacokinetics",
    "physiological-modeling",
    "propranolol"
  ],
  "landingPage": "https://healthdata.gov/d/aeuk-z5vc",
  "modified": "2025-09-06",
  "programCode": [
    "009:033"
  ],
  "publisher": {
    "@type": "org:Organization",
    "name": "National Institutes of Health"
  },
  "theme": [
    "NIH"
  ],
  "title": "PKQuest: a general physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. Introduction and application to propranolol"
}