gov.noaa.nodc:CRW-TS50km eng utf8 series NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-03-19T14:31:57Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) 2 row 331 0.5 column 720 0.5 area -179.75 85 179.75 85 179.75 -80 -179.75 -80 center European Petroleum Survey Group (EPSG) Geodetic Parameter Registry 2008-11-12 publication European Petroleum Survey Group http://www.epsg-registry.org/ European Petroleum Survey Group Geodetic Parameter Dataset Registry that accesses the EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset, which is a structured dataset of Coordinate Reference Systems and Coordinate Transformations. search urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG:4326 6.18.3 NOAA Coral Reef Watch Operational Near-real-time Twice-weekly Global 50 km Satellite Coral Bleaching Thermal Stress Monitoring Product Suite 2000-11-28 to 2020-05-28 2000-12-02 publication 2021-10-15 revision 2011-09-07 creation NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:CRW-TS50km NOAA CLASS gov.noaa.class:CORBL NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Gang Liu NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Gang.Liu@noaa.gov https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) website Institution web page information resourceProvider NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Coral Reef Watch, NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research originator Coral Reef Watch, NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research author Gang Liu NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) website Institution web page information pointOfContact NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital NOAA Coral Reef Watch program produces a suite of near-real-time global 50 km monitoring products, based on sea surface temperature (SST) observations from NOAA's Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites (POES), to pinpoint areas around the world where heat stress is sufficient to cause mass coral bleaching. This product suite is produced twice a week operationally and includes nighttime sea surface temperature, nighttime sea surface temperature anomaly, coral bleaching HotSpot, Degree Heating Week, and Bleaching Alert Area products. The NOAA Coral Reef Watch program seeks to fully utilize space-based sea surface temperature (SST) observations combined with in-situ data to continually monitor for early indications of thermally-induced coral reef bleaching worldwide. A suite of monitoring and predicting products, including this satellite SST Anomaly product, has been developed by CRW as a decision support system to provide critical and timely coral reef environment information to the U.S. and international coral reef communities. completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:CRW-TS50km Preview graphic PNG 0075815 0075816 0075817 0075818 0075819 0075820 0075821 0075822 0075823 0075824 0075825 0088492 0101762 0141324 0142123 0142124 0160174 0169623 0208289 0208738 0210999 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2020-06-02 publication SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE WATER TEMPERATURE theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS AVHRR-2 AVHRR-3 GOES Imager MTSAT 2 Imager SEVIRI VIIRS instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS satellite data theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS GOES-13 GOES-15 Meteosat-9 (MSG-2) MetOp-B (Meteorological Operational satellite-B) MTSAT-2 (Himawari 7) NOAA-14 NOAA-16 NOAA-18 NOAA-19 SNPP platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Coral Reef Information System (CoRIS) CORAL REEF STUDIES Coral Reef Watch (CRW) project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS World-Wide Distribution place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography satelliteObservation theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NODC > National Oceanographic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/STAR > Center for Satellite Applications and Research, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOSYSTEMS > MARINE ECOSYSTEMS > COASTAL EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOSYSTEMS > MARINE ECOSYSTEMS > REEF EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > COASTAL PROCESSES > CORAL REEFS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > COASTAL PROCESSES > CORAL REEFS > CORAL BLEACHING EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian AVHRR-2 > Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer-2 AVHRR-3 > Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer-3 GOES-13 Imager MTSAT 2 Imager SEVIRI > Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager VIIRS > Visible-Infrared Imager-Radiometer Suite instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian GOES-13 > Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 13 GOES-15 > Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 15 METEOSAT-9 METOP-B > Meteorological Operational Satellite - B MSG > Meteosat Second Generation MTSAT-2 > The Multi-functional Transport Satellite 2 NOAA-14 > National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration-14 NOAA-16 > National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration-16 NOAA-18 > National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration-18 NOAA-19 > National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration-19 Suomi-NPP > Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership platform Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian MTSAT-2 (ICES code: 4960, 2006-) NOAA-14 (ICES code: 3277, 1994-2007) NOAA-16 (ICES code: 33J9, 2000-2014) NOAA-18 (ICES code: 33WM, 2005-2016) NOAA-19 (ICES code: 33Y9, 2009-2016) platform ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes GEOGRAPHIC REGION > GLOBAL OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian current near real time past present real time temporal Originator Temporal Keywords 50 km dataResolution Spatial Resolution Level 4 product Processing Level accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Coral Reef Watch, NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (2000). NOAA Coral Reef Watch Operational Near-real-time Twice-weekly Global 50 km Satellite Coral Bleaching Thermal Stress Monitoring Product Suite 2000-11-28 to 2020-05-28. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/CRW-TS50km. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Not intended for legal use. Data may contain inaccuracies due to clouded or mixed pixels. otherRestrictions Coral Reef Watch relies on the ethics and integrity of the user to ensure that the source of these data and products is appropriately cited and credited. When using these data, credit and courtesy should be given to "NOAA Coral Reef Watch." Enhanced 50-km (E-50) Satellite Coral Bleaching Monitoring 2014-10-08 publication https://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/e50/index.php HTTPS Enhanced 50-km (E-50) Satellite Coral Bleaching Monitoring web site information NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) website Institution web page information publisher (Experimental Product) crossReference project Heron, S. F., Liu, G., Rauenzahn, J. L., Christensen, T. R. L., Skirving, W. J., Burgess, T. F. R., Eakin, C. M., & Morgan, J. A. (2014). Improvements to and continuity of operational global thermal stress monitoring for coral bleaching. Journal of Operational Oceanography, 7(2), 3–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876x.2014.11020154 2014-08 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876x.2014.11020154 https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876x.2014.11020154 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876x.2014.11020154 journal article information Heron, S F author Liu, G author Rauenzahn, J L author Christensen, T R L author Skirving, W J author Burgess, T F R author Eakin, C M author Morgan, J A author Informa UK Limited publisher documentDigital Journal of Operational Oceanography 7(2) ISSN 1755-876X, ISSN 1755-8778, pp. 3-11 crossReference sciencePaper NOAA coral reef watch 50 km satellite sea surface temperature-based decision support system for coral bleaching management 2013-03 publication https://discover.library.noaa.gov/permalink/01NOAA_INST/1qbesct/alma991001554122407381 HTTPS NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 143 Liu, G., J.L. Rauenzahn, S.F. Heron, C.M. Eakin, W.J. Skirving, T.R.L. Christensen, A.E. Strong, J. Li (2013). NOAA Coral Reef Watch 50 km Satellite Sea Surface Temperature-Based Decision Support System for Coral Bleaching Management. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 143. NOAA/NESDIS. College Park, MD. 33pp. information Liu, G author Rauenzahn, J L author Heron, S F author Eakin, C M author Skirving, W J author Christensen, T R L author Strong, A E author Li, J author NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) website Institution web page information publisher NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 143 crossReference eng; USA utf8 environment oceans biota -180 180 -80.25 85.25 2000-11-28 2020-05-28 Coral Reef Watch's (CRW) near-real-time twice-weekly global 50 km (0.5 degrees exactly) satellite coral bleaching thermal stress monitoring products are CRW's heritage operational products and form the core of CRW's first Decision Support System for tropical coral reef management. The products include Sea Surface Temperature (SST), SST Anomaly, Coral Bleaching HotSpot, Degree Heating Week (DHW), and Bleaching Alert Area products. These products are based on NOAA/NESDIS' operational twice-weekly global 50 km nighttime SST Analysis derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometers (AVHRR) onboard NOAA's Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites (POES). A set of SST climatologies and coral bleaching SST threshold climatology are used to derive SST anomaly, HotSpot, DHW, and Bleaching Alert Area from SST Analysis. All products are currently updated twice-weekly every Monday morning (using observations from the previous Thursday through Sunday) and Thursday morning (using observations from the previous Monday through Wednesday), U.S. Eastern Time. Prior to May 3, 2007, the products were updated every Tuesday morning (using observations from the previous Saturday through Monday) and Saturday morning (using observations from the previous Tuesday through Friday), U.S. Eastern Time. The data are available for use without restriction, but it is required to credit NOAA Coral Reef Watch program for any data use. Recommendations for citing and providing credit are provided at http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/docs/recommendations_crw_citation.php. Users are referred to the footer section of Coral Reef Watch's website (http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/) for disclaimers, policies, notices pertaining to the use of the data. Data layers included in the data files: Data Layer; Definition; Type; Dimensions (RxC) CRW_SST; Twice-weekly global 50km satellite nighttime sea surface temperature; int16; 331x720 CRW_SSTANOMALY; Twice-weekly global 50km satellite nighttime sea surface temperature anomaly; int16; 331x720 CRW_HOTSPOT; Twice-weekly global 50km satellite coral bleaching HotSpot; int16; 331x720 CRW_DHW; Twice-weekly global 50km satellite coral bleaching Degree Heating Week; int16; 331x720 CRW_BAA; Twice-weekly global 50km satellite Bleaching Alert Area; int16; 331x720 surface_flag; Pixel characteristics flag array; uint8; 331x720 Individual SST, and SST Anomaly, HotSpot, DHW, and BAA HDF files contain two data layers including the corresponding data layer named in the table above (CRW_SST, CRW_SSTANOMALY, CRW_HOTSPOT, CRW_DHW, and CRW_BAA) and a surface_flag layer. Each of these files also contains an 8-bit raster image of the corresponding geophysical data layer contained in the file. The dimension of each image is 720 columns by 411 rows. Each image displays a data layer in its pre-defined color scale and the color legend is shown on each image. Corresponding color palette is attached on each image and extractable from the HDF file. An all-in-one file is also available and contains all the data layers, except for the CRW_BAA data layer, listed in the table and their raster images with color palettes. All these data files are in HDF format, containing internally all the necessary information to understand and to properly use the data. Liu, G., J.L. Rauenzahn, S.F. Heron, C.M. Eakin, W.J. Skirving, T.R.L. Christensen, A.E. Strong, J. Li (2013). NOAA Coral Reef Watch 50 km Satellite Sea Surface Temperature-Based Decision Support System for Coral Bleaching Management. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 143. NOAA/NESDIS. College Park, MD. 33pp. Strong, A.E., F. Arzayus, W. Skirving, and S.F. Heron. Identifying coral bleaching remotely via Coral Reef Watch - improved integration and implications for climate change. Chapter 9 in Coral Reefs and Climate Change: Science and Management, J.T. Phinney, O. Hoegh-Guldberg, J. Kleypas, W. Skirving, and A.E. Strong (Co-Eds), American Geophysical Union, 2006. Liu G., A.E. Strong, W. Skirving, and L.F. Arzayus, 2006. Overview of NOAA coral reef watch program's near-real time satellite global coral bleaching monitoring activities. Proc 10th Int Coral Reef Symp., Okinawa, Japan, 2004. 1:1783-1793. Skirving, W.J., A.E. Strong, G. Liu, C. Liu, F. Arzayus, J. Sapper, and E. Bayler. Extreme events and perturbations of coastal ecosystems: Sea surface temperature change and coral bleaching. Chapter 2 in Remote Sensing of Aquatic Coastal Ecosystem Processes, L.L. Richardson and E.F. LeDrew (Co-Eds), Kluwer publishers. January, 2006. Liu, G., A.E. Strong and W. Skirving (2003). Remote Sensing of Sea Surface Temperatures during 2002 Barrier Reef Coral Bleaching. EOS 84(15): 137. Liu G., J.E. Meyer, I.C. Guch, and M.A. Toscano, 2001. NOAA's satellite coral reef bleaching early warning products aimed at local reef sites around the globe. Reef Encounter, 30: 10-13. Goreau, T.J. and R. Hayes, 1994. Coral Bleaching and Ocean "Hot Spots." Ambio, 23:176-180. A complete list of references is available at http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/methodology/methodology.php#reference http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/publications.php NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. HDF4 CoastWatch HDF 3.4, CF-1.0 BMP 9332.436 https://www.class.noaa.gov/saa/products/search?sub_id=0&datatype_family=CORBL HTTP Web browser Order These data are available through NOAA's Comprehensive Large Array-data Stewardship System (CLASS). Use the CLASS web interface to search for and order data by temporal, spatial and and other product-specific criteria. You may also create a subscription to order data on a regular basis. order https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/CRW-TS50km HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/metadata/granule/geoportal/?from=0&size=10&esdsl=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22bool%22%3A%7B%22must%22%3A%5B%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22analyze_wildcard%22%3Atrue%2C%22query%22%3A%22fileid%3ACRW-TS50km.*%22%7D%7D%5D%7D%7D%7D#searchPanel HTTPS Web browser Granule Search Search for data granules belonging to this collection (a granule is the smallest aggregation of data that can be independently described and retrieved). search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/thredds-ocean/catalog/crw/tsps50km/catalog.html THREDDS Web browsers can browse THREDDS Data Servers and specialized THREDDS software can enable more sophisticated data access and visualizations. THREDDS These data are available through a variety of services via a THREDDS (Thematic Real-time Environmental Distributed Data Services) Data Server (TDS). Depending on the dataset, the TDS can provide WMS, WCS, DAP, HTTP, and other data access and metadata services as well. For more information on the TDS, see http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/thredds/current/tds/. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/crw/tsps50km/ HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data.nodc/crw/tsps50km/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download FGDC Attribute Accuracy Report * SST values are accurate to within 0.5 degrees C and adjusted by in-situ information (buoys) to best-approximate SST at a depth of 1 meter. However, to provide a complete global coverage, estimation of SSTs at all pixels that are cloud covered may occasionally reduce the accuracy of SST at these pixels. * SST Anomalies are somewhat less reliable at high latitudes where more persistent clouds limit the amount of satellite data available for the computation of the monthly climatology. * The accuracy of the Coral Bleaching HotSpot depends on both SST and the maximum monthly mean SST climatology. No estimation of the accuracy of the HotSpot has been done yet although it has demonstrated remarkable success in denoting most large scale bleaching events.* The accuracy of the Coral Bleaching Degree Heating Weeks depends on the accuracy of Coral Bleaching HotSpots. No estimation on the HotSpots has been done and only preliminary estimates exist for using DHWs to assess coral bleaching and mortality. They have demonstrated remarkable success in denoting most large scale bleaching events. FGDC Logical Consistency Report NOAA Coral Reef Watch (CRW) 50 km SST field data and SST anomaly data have not been consistently evaluated for accuracy. However, the source SST retrieval data that were used for deriving CRW 50 km SST field were validated. The Coral Bleaching HotSpot and Degree Heating Week data have not been consistently evaluated globally, but these two products successfully identified and monitored all of the mass coral bleaching events since 2000 by comparing the products with available field surveys of the extent and severity of mass coral bleaching events that occurred since 2000. FGDC Completeness Report There are no known spatial or temporal gaps in the data. FGDC Horizontal Positional Accuracy Report FGDC Vertical Positional Accuracy Report dataset gov.noaa.class:CORBL grid qualityInformation surface_flag_array Real Pixel classification flags for the data arrays in each HDF data file to distinguish different types (land, ice, and missing data) of non-data pixels. 0 Flag value for water (containing data values). 0 1 Flag value for land. 1 2 Flag value for missing data. 2 3 Flag value for ice. 3 The Twice-Weekly 50 km Nighttime SST Anomaly is derived from the Twice-Weekly 50 km Nighttime SST analysis and 50 km nighttime SST climatologies. The SST anomaly is calculated by using the daily SST climatology for the last day of the twice-weekly period against the twice-weekly SST analysis. To obtain the SST climatology for a specific date, the linear interpolation method is applied on the two SST monthly mean climatologies that are closest to that date, with the assumption that a monthly mean SST climatology is more accurate on the 15th of the month. The linear interpolation is done based on the number of days away from the 15th of the first month's climatology. The SST anomaly is calculated by subtracting the interpolated daily climatology from the SST. The SST anomaly data are updated twice a week as the twice-weekly SST analysis. NOAA Coral Reef Watch n/a NOAA E/RA31, SSMC1, 1335 East West Hwy Silver Spring Maryland 20910-3226 USA coralreefwatch@noaa.gov processor SST Anomaly For the following algorithm, SST_analysis is the input SST, SST_interpolated_climatology is the daily SST climatology interpolated from monthly mean SST climatologies, b1 is the first month's climatology, b2 is the second month's climatology, and day_fraction is the ratio of the number of days of the last day of the twice-weekly period away from the fifteenth of the first month to the number of days between the two climatologies. SST_anomaly = SST_analysis - SST_interpolated_climatology with SST_interpolated_climatology = day_fraction*(b2-b1) + b1. As of 2007-06, no algorithm changes have been made. The Coral Bleaching HotSpot is the excursion of SST above the Maximum Monthly Mean SST Climatology. At each pixel, the coral bleaching HotSpot value is calculated by subtracting the climatology value from the SST value and then setting all the negative values to zero. The HotSpot data are updated twice a week as the twice-weekly SST analysis. NOAA Coral Reef Watch n/a NOAA E/RA31, SSMC1, 1335 East West Hwy Silver Spring Maryland 20910-3226 USA coralreefwatch@noaa.gov processor HotSpots HotSpots = SST_analysis - MMM SST_Climatology. As of 2007-06, no algorithm changes have been made. The Twice-Weekly Coral Bleaching Degree Heating Weeks (DHW) value at each pixel is calculated as the accumulation of Coral Bleaching HotSpots values that is at least one degree Celsius, over the most recent 12 weeks up to and including the current twice-weekly HotSpots. There are totally 24 consecutive twice-weekly HotSpot data files, covering a consecutive 12-week period, included in each DHW calculation. The DHW data are updated twice a week as the twice-weekly SST analysis. NOAA Coral Reef Watch n/a NOAA E/RA31, SSMC1, 1335 East West Hwy Silver Spring Maryland 20910-3226 USA coralreefwatch@noaa.gov processor Degree Heating Weeks DHWs = Sum of twelve (0.5*twice_weekly_HotSpot (> 1.0 C)). As of 2007-06, no algorithm changes have been made. The SST observations are derived from AVHRR sensors aboard NOAA POES satellites. They are the source data from which the SST Anomaly data and the HotSpots data are derived. Twice-Weekly Near-Real-Time 50km Nighttime SST Analysis 2007-05-28 publication gov.noaa.ngdc.fgdccitation:30693 DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/OSDPD > Office of Satellite Data Processing and Distribution, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce 301-817-4435 301-457-5184 NOAA NESDIS OSDPD E/SP, RM 1069, FB4 5200 Auth Road Suitland MD 20746-4304 USA nesdis.osdpd.web.admins@noaa.gov originator 2007-05-28 Coral Reef Watch derived the climatologies using the source SST data produced by the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami. The SST values contribute to the calculation of SST Anomaly data. Satellite-only 50 km Nighttime Monthly Mean SST Climatologies 1996 publication gov.noaa.ngdc.fgdccitation:30694 DOC/NOAA/CRW > Coral Reef Watch, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce N/A 301-713-4389 NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, N/ORR 1305 East West Highway, 10th Floor Silver Spring MD 20910-3281 USA coralreefwatch@noaa.gov originator 1985 1993 Coral Reef Watch derived the climatologies using the source SST data produced by the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami. The SST values contribute to the calculation of HotSpots. Satellite-only 50 km Nighttime Maximum Monthly Mean SST Climatology 2000 publication gov.noaa.ngdc.fgdccitation:30695 DOC/NOAA/CRW > Coral Reef Watch, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce N/A 301-713-4389 NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, N/ORR 1305 East West Highway, 10th Floor Silver Spring MD 20910-3281 USA coralreefwatch@noaa.gov originator 1985 1993 This is output data and contributes to the NOAA Coral Reef Watch Satellite Coral Bleaching Monitoring Product package. The operational SST anomaly charts are useful in assessing ENSO (El Nino-Southern Oscillation) development, monitoring hurricane "wake" cooling, and even major shifts in coastal upwelling. Twice-Weekly Near-Real-Time 50km Nighttime SST Anomaly 2007-05-28 publication gov.noaa.ngdc.fgdccitation:30696 DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/OSDPD > Office of Satellite Data Processing and Distribution, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce 301-817-4435 301-457-5184 NOAA NESDIS OSDPD E/SP, RM 1069, FB4 5200 Auth Road Suitland MD 20746-4304 USA nesdis.osdpd.web.admins@noaa.gov originator 2007-05-28 This is output data and contributes to the NOAA Coral Reef Watch Satellite Coral Bleaching Monitoring Product package. Twice-Weekly Near-Real-Time 50km Coral Bleaching HotSpots 2007-05-28 publication gov.noaa.ngdc.fgdccitation:30697 DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/OSDPD > Office of Satellite Data Processing and Distribution, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce 301-817-4435 301-457-5184 NOAA NESDIS OSDPD E/SP, RM 1069, FB4 5200 Auth Road Suitland MD 20746-4304 USA nesdis.osdpd.web.admins@noaa.gov originator 2007-05-28 This is output data and contributes to the NOAA Coral Reef Watch Satellite Coral Bleaching Monitoring Product package. Twice-Weekly Near-Real-Time 50km Coral Bleaching Degree Heating Weeks 2007-05-28 publication gov.noaa.ngdc.fgdccitation:30698 DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/OSDPD > Office of Satellite Data Processing and Distribution, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce 301-817-4435 301-457-5184 NOAA NESDIS OSDPD E/SP, RM 1069, FB4 5200 Auth Road Suitland MD 20746-4304 USA nesdis.osdpd.web.admins@noaa.gov originator 2007-05-28 series NCEI Accession 0075815 v1.1 was published. 2011-09-07T13:11:57Z NCEI Accession 0075816 v1.1 was published. 2011-09-07T14:16:35Z NCEI Accession 0075817 v1.1 was published. 2011-09-07T14:18:47Z NCEI Accession 0075818 v1.1 was published. 2011-09-07T14:21:00Z NCEI Accession 0075819 v1.1 was published. 2011-09-07T14:23:24Z NCEI Accession 0075820 v1.1 was published. 2011-09-07T14:25:47Z NCEI Accession 0075821 v1.1 was published. 2011-09-07T14:28:17Z NCEI Accession 0075822 v1.1 was published. 2011-09-07T14:30:50Z NCEI Accession 0075823 v1.1 was published. 2011-09-07T14:33:28Z NCEI Accession 0075824 v1.1 was published. 2011-09-07T14:36:08Z NCEI Accession 0075825 v1.1 was published. 2011-09-07T15:11:33Z NCEI Accession 0088492 was revised and v2.2 was published. 2012-04-16T15:15:42Z NCEI Accession 0101762 v1.1 was published. 2013-01-28T16:34:35Z NCEI Accession 0141324 v1.1 was published. 2016-02-05T19:00:34Z NCEI Accession 0142123 v1.1 was published. 2016-02-08T20:00:07Z NCEI Accession 0142124 v1.1 was published. 2016-02-08T20:06:06Z NCEI Accession 0160174 v1.1 was published. 2017-02-13T13:34:06Z NCEI Accession 0169623 v1.1 was published. 2018-01-05T15:29:04Z NCEI Accession 0208289 v1.1 was published. 2020-01-01T21:21:39Z NCEI Accession 0169623 was revised and v2.2 was published. 2020-01-01T21:41:06Z NCEI Accession 0208738 v1.1 was published. 2020-01-27T20:59:31Z NCEI Accession 0210999 v1.1 was published. 2020-06-24T22:59:21Z NCEI Accession 0088492 v1.1 was published. 2021-10-15T13:20:36Z repository NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015. 2015-04-22T00:00:00 asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian AVHRR-2 AVHRR-2 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer-2 The AVHRR-2 is a multi purpose imaging instrument used for global measurement of cloud cover, sea surface temperature, ice, snow and vegetation cover and characteristics. This instrument was initially carried on NOAA-7 (launched June 1981) and was last flown on NOAA-14 which was decommissioned in 2005. This 5-channel radiometer covering 2 visible and 3 thermal infrared between 0.63 and 12.0 micrometers, has an instantaneous footprint of 1.1 km at the sub satellite point. Additional Information: https://nwpsaf.eu/deliverables/aapp/avhrr_2.html AVHRR-3 AVHRR-3 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer-3 The AVHRR-3 is a six channel scanning radiometer providing 3 solar channels in the visible-near infrared region and 3 thermal infrared channels. The AVHRR-3 has two one-micrometer wide channels between 10.3 and 12.5 micrometers. This latest version of AVHRR was first carried on NOAA-15 launched in May 1998 and subsequently in all current NOAA and MetOp platforms. Measuring the same view, this array of diverse wavelengths, after processing, permits multi spectral analysis for more precisely defining hydrologic, oceanographic, and meteorological parameters. Comparison of data from two channels is often used to observe features or measure various environmental parameters. The three channels operating entirely within the infrared band are used to detect the heat radiation from and hence, the temperature of land, water, sea surfaces, and the clouds above them. Additional Information: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/pod-guide/ncdc/docs/klm/html/c3/sec3-1.htm GOES Imager GOES Imager Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite Imager The GOES I-M Imager is a five channel (one visible, four infrared) imaging radiometer designed to sense radiant and solar reflected energy from sampled areas of the earth. By means of a servo driven, two-axis gimbaled mirror scanning system in conjunction with a Cassegrain telescope, the Imager's multispectral channels can simultaneously sweep an 8-kilometer (5 statute mile) north-to-south swath along an east-to-west/west-to-east path, at a rate of 20 degrees (optical) east-west per second. This translates into being able to scan a 3000 by 3000 km (1864 by 1864 miles) "box" centered over the United States in just 41 seconds. The actual scanning sequence takes places by sweeping in an East-West direction, stepping in the North-South direction, than sweeping back in a West-East direction, stepping North-South, sweeping East-West, and so on. The Imager consists of electronics, power supply, and sensor modules. The sensor module containing the telescope, scan assembly, and detectors, is mounted on a baseplate outside the main structure of the spacecraft, together with shields and louvers for thermal control. The electronics module provides redundant circuitry and performs command, control, and signal processing functions; it also serves as a structure for mounting and interconnecting the electronic boards for proper heat dissipation. The power supply module contains the converters, fuses, and power control for interfacing with the spacecraft electrical power subsystem. The electronics and power supply modules are mounted inside the spacecraft on the internal equipment panel. (From: http://noaasis.noaa.gov/NOAASIS/ml/imager.html) MTSAT 2 Imager MTSAT 2 Imager Multi-Functional Transport Satellite 2 Imager SENSOR Full Name: Imager/MTSAT Status Operational as of 2011 Instrument Agencies: JMA [Lead Agency (JMA)] Maturity High Heritage - Operational Instrument Type: Imaging multi-spectral radiometers (vis/IR) Geometry: Earth disk scanning Instrument Technology: Multi-purpose imaging Vis/IR radiometer Sampling: Imaging Data Format: LRIT/HRIT SEVIRI SEVIRI Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infra-Red Imager Instrument onboard METEOSAT Second Generation satellite. Application - meteorology; from geostationary orbit, instrument performing full Earth disk imaging in 12 spectral bands for weather monitoring and forecasting. Features/Technical Details - Spectral range: • 0.4 – 1.6 micrometer (4 visible/near-infrared channels) • 3.8 – 13.4 micrometer (8 infrared channels) Resolution from 36000 km altitude: • 1 km in high resolution for visible channels • 3 km in infra red and visible channels Focal plane passively cooled at –180°C Earth scanning achieved by combination of satellite spin (East-West) and mirror scanning (South-North). • one image every 15 minutes • 245000 images over 7-year lifetime Instrument mass: 260 kg, 2.43 m height, 1 m diameter (without sunshield) Power consumption: 150 W average Data rate: 3.26 Mbit/s (From: http://www.astrium.eads.net/corp/prod/00000842.htm) VIIRS VIIRS Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite A scanning radiometer that collects visible and infrared imagery and radiometric measurements of the land, atmosphere, cryosphere, and oceans. Additonal Information: http://www.class.ncdc.noaa.gov/saa/products/search?datatype_family=VIIRS GOES-13 https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/149 Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 13. The NODC has archived sea surface temperature data collected from this platform as part of the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) program. Instruments: GOES IMAGER et al GOES-15 https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/151 Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 15. The NODC has archived sea surface temperature data collected from this platform as part of the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) program. Platform added to GHRSST data streams August 2012. Instruments: GOES IMAGER et al Meteosat-9 (MSG-2) https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/303 Second Meteosat Second Generation geostationary satellite, launched 21 December 2005. The NODC has archived sea surface temperature data collected from this platform as part of the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) program. Synonyms: MSG-2 Instruments: SEVIRI et al MetOp-B (Meteorological Operational satellite-B) Platform Class: 65-Orbiting satellite Synonyms: Meteorological Operational satellite-B Commissioned Date: 2012-09-17 Countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Rep., Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom. Notes +: MetOp-B is the second of three ESA and EUMETSAT weather satellites. The satellite carry a set of seven 'heritage' instruments provided by NOAA and CNES and a new generation of five European instruments offering improved sensing capabilities. Several of the instruments measure similar aspects of the atmosphere, namely temperature and humidity, but use a variety of measuring techniques to acquire their data. Info Source: http://www.eumetsat.int/website/home/Satellites/CurrentSatellites/Metop/index.html http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/The_Living_Planet_Programme/Meteorological_missions/MetOp/About_the_satellite https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/m/metop MTSAT-2 (Himawari 7) https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/166 MTSAT-2 Synonym: Himawari 7 Client: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Launch date: February 18, 2006 Launch vehicle: H-IIA Launch site: Tanegashima Space Center Orbit: Geostationary orbit: 145 deg. Mass: 4,650kg (at launch) Electrical power: 3,410 W Design life: 10 years Description The MTSAT-2 is a multi-functional satellite that carries out both an aviation mission, including air traffic control, and a meteorological mission. The purpose of the aviation mission is to improve traffic congestion and safety in the Asia-Pacific region with a next-generation global-scale air traffic safety system made up of communications, navigation, tracking and air traffic control. The purpose of the meteorological mission is to capture, collect and deliver meteorological images and/or data, inheriting and expanding the mission of the GMS-5 which is also currently in service. Multi-functional Transport Satellites (MTSAT) are a series of geostationary weather satellites operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). MTSAT carries an aeronautical mission to assist air navigation, plus a meteorological mission to provide imagery over the Asia-Pacific region for the hemisphere centered on 140 East. The meteorological mission includes an imager giving nominal hourly full Earth disk images in five spectral bands (one visible, four infrared). MTSAT are spin stabilized satellites. With this system images are built up by scanning with a mirror that is tilted in small successive steps from the north pole to south pole at a rate such that on each rotation of the satellite an adjacent strip of the Earth is scanned. It takes about 25 minutes to scan the full Earth's disk. This builds a picture 10,000 pixels for the visible images (1.25 km resolution) and 2,500 pixels (4 km resolution) for the infrared images. The MTSAT-2 (also known as Himawari 7) and its radiometer (MTSAT-2 Imager) was successfully launched on 18 February 2006. Submitted to ICES on 2018-01-03. ICES Code approved 2023-08-17 NOAA-14 https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/336 Instruments: AVHRR/2 et al NOAA-16 Updated information from ICES for the platform NOAA-16 from United States. Name NOAA-16 Country(s) US: UNITED STATES Platform Class 65: Orbiting satellite Native Name Synonyms Call Sign MMSI IMO Pennant Title Commissioned Date 2000 Decommissioned Date 2014 Notes Polar-orbiting environmental satellite launched September 2000. The NODC has archived AVHRR SST data collected from this platform as part of the Pathfinder project. Instruments: AVHRR/3 et al Information Source (URL) https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/338 Confirmed by NOAA on 2018-07-17. NOAA-18 Updated information from ICES for the platform NOAA-18 from United States. Name NOAA-18 Country(s) US: UNITED STATES Platform Class 65: Orbiting satellite Native Name Synonyms Call Sign MMSI IMO Pennant Title Commissioned Date 2005 Decommissioned Date 2016 Notes Polar-orbiting environmental satellite launched May 2005 as NOAA-N. The NODC has archived AVHRR SST data collected from this platform as part of the Pathfinder project. Instruments: AVHRR/3 et al Information source (URL) https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/340 Confirmed by NOAA on 2018-07-17. NOAA-19 Updated information from ICES for the platform NOAA-15 from United States. Name NOAA-19 Country(s) US: UNITED STATES Platform Class 65: Orbiting satellite Native Name Synonyms Call Sign MMSI IMO Pennant Title Commissioned Date 2009 Decommissioned Date 2016 Notes Polar-orbiting environmental satellite launched February 2009 as NOAA-N Prime. The NODC has archived AVHRR SST data collected from this platform as part of the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Project. Additional information: Main body: 4.2m (13.75 ft) long, 1.88m (6.2 ft) diameter Solar array: 2.73m (8.96 ft) by 6.14m (20.16 ft) Weight at Liftoff: 1419.8 kg (3130 pounds) including 4.1 kg of gaseous nitrogen Launch Vehicle: Delta-II 7320-10 Space Launch Vehicle Launch Date: February 06, 2009 Vandenburg Air Force Base, CA Orbital information: Type: sun synchronous Altitude: 870 km Period: 102.14 minutes Inclination: 98.730 degrees Sensors: Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR/3) Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS/4) Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Spectral radiometer (SBUV/2) Space Environment Monitor (SEM/2) Search and Rescue (SAR) Repeater and Processor Advance Data Collection System (ADCS) Information source (URL) https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/341 http://noaasis.noaa.gov/NOAASIS/ml/genlsatl.html Confirmed by NOAA on 2018-07-17. SNPP The NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) was renamed to Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) in honor of Verner E. Suomi, University of Wisconsin meteorologist, widely recognized as the "Father of Satellite Meteorology." Suomi NPP is the first next generation polar-orbiting satellite in the JPSS series, and is considered the bridge between NOAA's legacy polar satellite fleet, NASA's Earth observing missions and JPSS constellation. Launched in October 2011, Suomi NPP boasts five state-of-the-art instruments: (1) VIIRS, (2) CrIS, (3) ATMS, (4) OMPS, and (5) CERES FM5— which will be the similar instruments carried on JPSS-1. It has design life of five years and was launched with a Delta-II Mission Launch Vehicle from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. Additional Information: https://www.ospo.noaa.gov/Operations/SNPP/status.html https://space.oscar.wmo.int/satellites/view/snpp http://www.jpss.noaa.gov/satellites.html#SNPP