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        <gco:CharacterString>The coral demographic data described here result from belt transect surveys conducted by the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) -- formerly the Coral Reef Ecosystem Division -- from 2002 to 2007 at coral reef sites in the Hawaiian and Mariana Archipelagos, American Samoa, and the Pacific Remote Island Areas as part of NOAA's Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (Pacific RAMP) with funding from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP).

Surveys were conducted at fixed sites at depths ranging between 10 m and 15 m. Sites were surveyed using belt transects to collect coral colony metrics. At each site, the surveyor listed and identified to the genus or species level, all coral colonies occurring within 0.5 sq. meters of each side of two, 25-m transect lines; and recorded the visually estimated size class to which the maximum diameter of  each colony belonged (0-5 cm; &gt;5-10 cm; &gt;10-20 cm; &gt;20-40 cm; &gt;40-80 cm; &gt;80-160 cm; or &gt;160 cm). In geographic regions such as the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands where coral richness and abundance are reduced relative to lower latitude regions with higher species richness, the protocol was amended to include all corals occurring within 1 m of each side of the transect lines.

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Pacific RAMP, established by the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) and supported by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP), was tasked with documenting and understanding the status and trends of coral reef ecosystems in the U.S. Pacific Islands Region. Pacific RAMP involved interdisciplinary monitoring of oceanographic conditions and biological surveys of organisms associated with hard-bottom habitats in the 0-30 m depth range and aimed to support integrated, consistent and comparable monitoring of coral reef systems. RAMP missions were conducted in each Pacific region, including the Hawaiian and Mariana Archipelagos, American Samoa, and the Pacific Remote Island Areas, on a biennial cycle.</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0189729" xlink:actuate="onRequest">0189729</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/93" xlink:actuate="onRequest">CORAL</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/94" xlink:actuate="onRequest">CORAL - CENSUS</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/536" xlink:actuate="onRequest">CORAL - COLONY SIZE</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/95" xlink:actuate="onRequest">CORAL - SPECIES IDENTIFICATION</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/insttype/details/46" xlink:actuate="onRequest">visual observation</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/obstype/details/63" xlink:actuate="onRequest">in situ</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/obstype/details/36" xlink:actuate="onRequest">survey</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/obstype/details/33" xlink:actuate="onRequest">survey - biological</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/obstype/details/34" xlink:actuate="onRequest">survey - coral reef</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/obstype/details/7" xlink:actuate="onRequest">survey - swimmer/diver</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/platform/details/10742" xlink:actuate="onRequest">NOAA Ship Hi'ialakai</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/platform/details/10438" xlink:actuate="onRequest">NOAA Ship Oscar Elton Sette</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/platform/details/2074" xlink:actuate="onRequest">NOAA Ship Townsend Cromwell</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; Hawaii &gt; Maui &gt; Maui Island (20N156W0004)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; Hawaiian Islands (21N157W0027)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; USA Minor Outlying Islands &gt; Baker Island (00N176W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; USA Minor Outlying Islands &gt; Howland Island (00S176W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; USA Minor Outlying Islands &gt; Jarvis Island (00S160W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; USA Minor Outlying Islands &gt; Johnston Atoll (16N169W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; USA Minor Outlying Islands &gt; Kingman Reef (06N162W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; USA Minor Outlying Islands &gt; Palmyra Atoll (05N162W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; USA Minor Outlying Islands &gt; Wake Atoll (19N167E0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; American Samoa &gt; American Samoa (14S170W0000)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; American Samoa &gt; Manu'a Islands (14S170W0038)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; American Samoa &gt; Rose Atoll (14S168W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; American Samoa &gt; Swains Atoll (11S171W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; American Samoa &gt; Tutuila Island (14S170W0016)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Baker Island &gt; Baker Island (00N176W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Hawaiian Islands (21N157W0027)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Hawaiian Islands &gt; Hawaii Island &gt; Hawaii Island (19N155W0003)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Hawaiian Islands &gt; Kauai Island &gt; Kauai Island (22N159W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Hawaiian Islands &gt; Lanai Island &gt; Lanai Island (20N156W0002)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Hawaiian Islands &gt; Maui Island &gt; Maui Island (20N156W0004)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Hawaiian Islands &gt; Molokai Island &gt; Molokai Island (21N157W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Hawaiian Islands &gt; Niihau Island &gt; Kaula Island (21N160W0003)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Hawaiian Islands &gt; Niihau Island &gt; Lehua Island (22N160W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Hawaiian Islands &gt; Niihau Island &gt; Niihau Island (21N160W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Hawaiian Islands &gt; Oahu Island &gt; Oahu (21N157W0003)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Howland Island &gt; Howland Island (00S176W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Johnston Atoll &gt; Johnston Atoll (16N169W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Line Islands &gt; Jarvis Island (00S160W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Line Islands &gt; Kingman Reef (06N162W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Line Islands &gt; Palmyra Atoll (05N162W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (28N178W0000)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands &gt; French Frigate Shoals (24N166W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands &gt; Gardner Pinnacles (25N168W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands &gt; Kure Atoll (28N178W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands &gt; Laysan Island (25N171W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands &gt; Lisianski Island (25N173W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands &gt; Maro Reef (25N170W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands &gt; Midway Atoll (28N177W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands &gt; Necker Island (23N164W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands &gt; Pearl and Hermes Reef (27N176W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Wake Atoll &gt; Wake Atoll (19N167E0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Manu'a Group &gt; Ofu Island (14S169W0013)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Manu'a Group &gt; Olosega Island (14S169W0014)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Manu'a Group &gt; Ta'u Island (14S169W0012)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Western Pacific Ocean &gt; Aguihan Island Reefs &gt; Aguihan Island (Aguijan) (14N145E0006)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Western Pacific Ocean &gt; Guam &gt; Guam (13N144E0000)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Western Pacific Ocean &gt; Guam &gt; Santa Rosa Bank (12N144E0051)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Western Pacific Ocean &gt; Mariana Archipelago &gt; Northern Mariana Islands ( CNMI ) (18N146E0000)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Western Pacific Ocean &gt; Rota Island &gt; Rota Island ( Luta ) (14N145E0007)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Western Pacific Ocean &gt; Saipan Island &gt; Saipan Island (15N145E0002)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Western Pacific Ocean &gt; Tinian Island Reefs &gt; Tinian Island (14N145E0005)</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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                <gco:CharacterString>CoRIS Place Thesaurus</gco:CharacterString>
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      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/d4db292f-3097-4843-a6c5-291cf993bea9" xlink:actuate="onRequest">OCEAN &gt; PACIFIC OCEAN &gt; CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN &gt; AMERICAN SAMOA</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/5488b1cc-08b2-41cf-9bd2-4a2cdd0990de" xlink:actuate="onRequest">OCEAN &gt; PACIFIC OCEAN &gt; NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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                    <gco:Date>2026</gco:Date>
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                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="revision">revision</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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                    <gmd:CI_Contact>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>Greenbelt</gco:CharacterString>
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                          <gmd:administrativeArea>
                            <gco:CharacterString>MD</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:administrativeArea>
                        </gmd:CI_Address>
                      </gmd:address>
                      <gmd:onlineResource>
                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                          <gmd:linkage>
                            <gmd:URL>https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords</gmd:URL>
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                            <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
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                    </gmd:CI_Contact>
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                  <gmd:role>
                    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="custodian">custodian</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
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      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>MHI</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>PRIA</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Pacific Remote Island Areas</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Provider Place Names</gco:CharacterString>
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      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
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            <gco:CharacterString>61N9YA</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Send2NCEI Submission Package ID</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>accessLevel: public</gco:CharacterString>
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      <gmd:resourceConstraints xlink:title="NCEI Data Citation Statement">
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
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      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
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            <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_RestrictionCode" codeListValue="otherRestrictions">otherRestrictions</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.</gco:CharacterString>
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Homeport:	Honolulu, Hawaii
Identification:
IMO number: 7309546
MMSI number: 303938000 (as Lau Trader)
Callsign: 3DTT (as Lau Trader)
Fate:
Transferred to the Government of American Samoa 2002
Served as New Zealand private yacht MV Townsend Cromwell 2003-2009
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