gov.noaa.nodc:0277984 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-07-28T13:38:22Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Multistressor Observations of Coastal Hypoxia and Acidification (MOCHA) Synthesis (NCEI Accession 0277984) 2023-05-22 publication 2024-05-22 revision 2023-05-08 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/2vve-fh39 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0277984 NCEI Archive Management System 0277984 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Esther G. Kennedy Bodega Marine Laboratory (BML) egkennedy@ucdavis.edu http://www-bml.ucdavis.edu HTTP Bodega Marine Laboratory (BML) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Bodega Marine Laboratory (BML) http://www-bml.ucdavis.edu HTTP Bodega Marine Laboratory (BML) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Esther Kennedy Bodega Marine Laboratory (BML) egkennedy@ucdavis.edu http://www-bml.ucdavis.edu HTTP Bodega Marine Laboratory (BML) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Meghan Zulian Bodega Marine Laboratory (BML) mzulian@ucdavis.edu http://www-bml.ucdavis.edu HTTP Bodega Marine Laboratory (BML) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Sara L. Hamilton University of California, Davis sahamilton@ucdavis.edu https://www.ucdavis.edu HTTPS University of California, Davis website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Tessa Hill Bodega Marine Laboratory (BML) tmhill@ucdavis.edu http://www-bml.ucdavis.edu HTTP Bodega Marine Laboratory (BML) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Sebastian Westerink collaborator Meredith Elliott collaborator Melissa A. Ward collaborator Manuel Delgado collaborator Maddie I. Wilmot collaborator Kristy J. Kroeker collaborator Jaime Jahncke collaborator Hannah M. Palmer collaborator Guadalupe Carrasco collaborator Genece V. Grisby collaborator Evan Harris collaborator Eric Sanford collaborator Catherine N. Rocheleau collaborator Carina R. Fish collaborator Brian Gaylord collaborator Aurora M. Ricart collaborator Ana K. Spalding collaborator Kennedy, Esther G. Bodega Marine Laboratory http://www-bml.ucdavis.edu HTTP Bodega Marine Laboratory (BML) website Institution web page information author Zulian, Meghan Bodega Marine Laboratory http://www-bml.ucdavis.edu HTTP Bodega Marine Laboratory (BML) website Institution web page information author Hamilton, Sara L. University of California, Davis https://www.ucdavis.edu HTTPS University of California, Davis website Institution web page information author Hill, Tessa M. Bodega Marine Laboratory http://www-bml.ucdavis.edu HTTP Bodega Marine Laboratory (BML) website Institution web page information author Delgado, Manuel author Fish, Carina R. author Gaylord, Brian author Kroeker, Kristy J. author Palmer, Hannah M. author Ricart, Aurora M. author Sanford, Eric author Spalding, Ana K. author Ward, Melissa A. author Carrasco, Guadalupe author Elliott, Meredith author Grisby, Genece V. author Harris, Evan author Jahncke, Jaime author Rocheleau, Catherine N. author Westerink, Sebastian author Wilmot, Maddie I. author Bodega Marine Laboratory (BML) http://www-bml.ucdavis.edu HTTP Bodega Marine Laboratory (BML) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital The California Current System (CCS) is a highly complex upwelling system supporting productive fisheries and high biodiversity, but it is vulnerable to warming, deoxygenation, and acidification. Data fragmentation and limited data availability constrain our understanding of when and where stressful coastal conditions manifest. Here, we present a large synthesis of compiled, formatted, and quality-controlled publicly available temperature, dissolved oxygen, and carbonate-system observations to create an accessible, high-resolution database for mapping marine climate stress in U.S. waters along the CCS. Only direct observations were included in this synthesis; no calculated data was retained. The synthesis includes 71 distinct data sources with observations from high resolution autonomous sensors, synoptic oceanographic cruises, and shore samples. Data has been organized across 16.2 million rows and 41 columns. Each row includes one or more individual oceanic parameter measurements accompanied by a dataset ID, which ties observations to their sources in the accompanying dataset Metadata Table, spatial and temporal information about the observations, the data collection method (cruise, mooring, etc.), and a habitat tag to identify estuarine datasets. Rows also include temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, carbonate-system, nutrient, and chlorophyll observations as available, along with quality flags and data collection methods for each included observation. Overall, this synthesis includes 15.9 million temperature observations, 5.0 million salinity, 3.9 million dissolved oxygen, 2.3 million pH, 8,368 dissolved inorganic carbon, 10,144 total alkalinity, and 505,000 pCO2/fCO2 observations, with limited additional chlorophyll and nutrient observations. A summary dataset that provides daily averages of observations by location, depth, and project is also available (aggregated_daily_dataset.csv), along with geographic subsets of the full dataset. This synthesis dataset has been optimized for high-resolution coastal multiparameter investigations and will provide a valuable tool for assessing regional and local climate risk, evaluating the efficacy and completeness of CCS monitoring efforts, and investigating spatiotemporal scales of coastal oceanographic variability. Improve access to coastal acidification and hypoxia observations for the U.S. West Coast for high-resolution spatiotemporal stress and risk analyses. Funding Information: CA Ocean Protection Council, Lenfest Ocean Program, NOAA Ocean Acidification Program, Packard Foundation, National Park Service completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded NCEI Accession 0277984 was revised and a new version of the archival package was published. Updates to existing archival packages may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. The latest version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. Please see journal.txt in the /about directory for additional details on changes made. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0277984 Preview graphic PNG 0277984 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2023-05-04 publication AMMONIA (NH3) CHLOROPHYLL DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC) DISSOLVED OXYGEN NITRATE Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water pH phosphate SALINITY silica total alkalinity WATER TEMPERATURE theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS chemical discrete sample physical surface measurements theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS Bodega Marine Laboratory dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Bodega Marine Laboratory dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS North Pacific Ocean West Coast - US/Canada place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project project Ocean Acidification Search Keywords EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY > CARBON AND HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS > ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE > PARTIAL PRESSURE OF CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > ALKALINITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > AMMONIA EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CHLOROPHYLL EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > INORGANIC CARBON EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NITRATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > OXYGEN EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PH EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PHOSPHATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Data synthesis product Discrete measurement theme OCADS Study Type chl_flag chl_type chl_ugL coastal_environment dataset_id depth_m distance_offshore do_flag do_sat do_type do_umolkg fCO2_flag fCO2_type fCO2_uatm latitude longitude nh4_umolkg no2_umolkg no3_umolkg nutr_flag nutr_type pCO2_flag pCO2_type pCO2_uatm pH_flag pH_total pH_type po4_umolkg sal_flag sal_pss sample_scheme si_umolkg tCO2_flag tCO2_type tCO2_umolkg t_C t_flag ta_flag ta_type ta_umolkg time_utc theme Provider Variable Abbreviations CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian North Pacific Ocean West Coast of the United States place Provider Geographic Names accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Kennedy, Esther G.; Zulian, Meghan; Hamilton, Sara L.; Hill, Tessa M.; Delgado, Manuel; Fish, Carina R.; Gaylord, Brian; Kroeker, Kristy J.; Palmer, Hannah M.; Ricart, Aurora M.; Sanford, Eric; Spalding, Ana K.; Ward, Melissa A.; Carrasco, Guadalupe; Elliott, Meredith; Grisby, Genece V.; Harris, Evan; Jahncke, Jaime; Rocheleau, Catherine N.; Westerink, Sebastian; Wilmot, Maddie I. (2023). Multistressor Observations of Coastal Hypoxia and Acidification (MOCHA) Synthesis (NCEI Accession 0277984). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/2vve-fh39. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system 2022-04 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system OCADS website information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital [accessed 2024-02-08] crossReference program Global Ocean Carbon Data 2022 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/ HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/ Related resource information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital crossReference project eng; USA utf8 environment oceans -150 -117.2 32 48.49 1949-02-28 2022-12-31 The total size of the data file MOCHA_full_dsp.csv is 2.67 GB, the zip file size is 118.6 MB. Split files were created and separated by regions and date located in the subset_data directory: 30_to_40_post_2016.csv 30_to_40_pre_2016.csv 32_to_34_post_2016.csv 32_to_34_pre_2016.csv 34.25_to_35_post_2016.csv 34.25_to_35_pre_2016.csv 34_to_34.25_post_2016.csv 34_to_34.25_pre_2016.csv 35_to_36_post_2016.csv 35_to_36_pre_2016.csv 36.5_to_37_post_2016.csv 36.5_to_37_pre_2016.csv 36_to_36.5_post_2016.csv 36_to_36.5_pre_2016.csv 37_to_38_post_2016.csv 37_to_38_pre_2016.csv 40_to_42_post_2016.csv 40_to_42_pre_2016.csv 42_to_43_post_2016.csv 42_to_43_pre_2016.csv 43_to_44_post_2016.csv 43_to_44_pre_2016.csv 44_to_45_post_2016.csv 44_to_45_pre_2016.csv 45_to_47_post_2016.csv 45_to_47_pre_2016.csv 47_to_49_post_2016.csv 47_to_49_pre_2016.csv NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Originator data format 8272.952 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0277984.html HTTPS Web browser Project Metadata Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://doi.org/10.25921/2vve-fh39 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/277984 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/277984 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0212/0277984/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0277984 v1.1 was published. 2023-05-22T19:41:32Z NCEI Accession 0277984 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0277984/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0277984 v1.1 published 2023-05-22T19:41:32Z download NCEI Accession 0277984 was revised and v2.2 was published. Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. 2023-09-08T06:43:48Z NCEI Accession 0277984 v2.2 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0277984/2.2 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0277984 v2.2 published 2023-09-08T06:43:48Z download NCEI Accession 0277984 was revised and v3.3 was published. Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. 2024-05-22T22:00:10Z NCEI Accession 0277984 v3.3 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0277984/3.3 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0277984 v3.3 published 2024-05-22T22:00:10Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon; Abbreviation: tCO2_umolkg; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Discrete; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: CTD and Niskin bottles or hand-collected bottles; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Discrete samples collected across through cruise and shore-side projects. All samples preserved with mercuric chloride and analyzed in a laboratory according to best practices.; Quality flag convention: 1 = data identified as "reliable" by original investigators and not identified as a significant outlier during secondary QC by this project team. 3 = data flagged by original investigators as unreliable and/or identified as a significant outlier during secondary QC. NA = no data. Parameter or Variable: Total alkalinity; Abbreviation: ta_umolkg; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Discrete; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: CTD and Niskin bottles or hand-collected bottles; Quality flag convention: 1 = data identified as "reliable" by original investigators and not identified as a significant outlier during secondary QC by this project team. 3 = data flagged by original investigators as unreliable and/or identified as a significant outlier during secondary QC. NA = no data. Parameter or Variable: pH; Abbreviation: pH_total; pH scale: Total scale; Observation type: Discrete samples and autonomous sensors; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Discrete: CTD and Niskin or handheld bottles. Autonomous sensors: Seabird SeapHOx, Seabird SeaFET, or Sunburst SAMI-pH; At what temperature was pH reported: In-situ temperature, salinity, and pressure.; Quality flag convention: 1 = data identified as "reliable" by original investigators and not identified as a significant outlier during secondary QC by this project team. 3 = data flagged by original investigators as unreliable and/or identified as a significant outlier during secondary QC. NA = no data. Parameter or Variable: pCO2 (fCO2) autonomous; Abbreviation: pCO2_uatm; Unit: uatm; Observation type: Autonomous sensors; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: MAPCO2 moorings or Sunburst SAMI pCO2 instruments; Quality flag convention: 1 = data identified as "reliable" by original investigators and not identified as a significant outlier during secondary QC by this project team. 3 = data flagged by original investigators as unreliable and/or identified as a significant outlier during secondary QC. NA = no data. Parameter or Variable: Source dataset identification number; Abbreviation: dataset_id; Unit: Integer; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Integer value that links each observation in this synthesis product to its source dataset, references and citations, and daset description in the Metadata Table. Parameter or Variable: Latitude; Abbreviation: latitude; Unit: Decimal degrees Parameter or Variable: Longitude; Abbreviation: longitude; Unit: Decimal degrees Parameter or Variable: Overall observation collection method; Abbreviation: sample_scheme; Unit: "cruise", "mooring", "intertidal/subtidal sensor deployment", "intertidal/subtidal hand collection"; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Overall observation collection method applied by dataset. "Intertidal/subtidal sensor deployment" applies to sensors accessed either from shore or by nearshore divers, whereas "moorings" are attached to bouys. Parameter or Variable: Environmental designation applied by observation; Abbreviation: coastal_environment; Unit: "estuarine" or "oceanic"; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Variable to easily differentiate observations from semi-restricted lagoons and bays (e.g., Humboldt Bay) and large estuaries (e.g., the Columbia River estuary) from open coast observations. Applied based on mapped observation location. Parameter or Variable: Distance from shore; Abbreviation: distance_offshore; Unit: km Parameter or Variable: Observation depth; Abbreviation: depth_m; Unit: m Parameter or Variable: Observation date and time; Abbreviation: time_utc; Unit: date-time in UTC; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Date and time of sample collection in the format "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS". Times are approximated for data sources that did not include sample collection times. Parameter or Variable: Temperature; Abbreviation: t_C; Unit: Degrees Celcius Parameter or Variable: Temperature quality flag; Abbreviation: t_flag; Unit: 1, 3, or NA; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: 1 = data identified as "reliable" by original investigators and not identified as a significant outlier during secondary QC by this project team. 3 = data flagged by original investigators as unreliable and/or identified as a significant outlier during secondary QC. NA = no data. Parameter or Variable: Salinity; Abbreviation: sal_pss; Unit: Practial salinity scale Parameter or Variable: Salinity quality flag; Abbreviation: sal_flag; Unit: 1, 3, or NA; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: 1 = data identified as "reliable" by original investigators and not identified as a significant outlier during secondary QC by this project team. 3 = data flagged by original investigators as unreliable and/or identified as a significant outlier during secondary QC. NA = no data. Parameter or Variable: In-situ pH on the total scale; Abbreviation: pH_total; Observation type: Measured; Sampling instrument: Discrete samples or autonomous sensors; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: All discrete samples preserved with mercuric chloride and analyzed in a laboratory according to best practices. Parameter or Variable: pH quality flag; Abbreviation: pH_flag; Unit: 1, 3, or NA; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: 1 = data identified as "reliable" by original investigators and not identified as a significant outlier during secondary QC by this project team. 3 = data flagged by original investigators as unreliable and/or identified as a significant outlier during secondary QC. NA = no data. Parameter or Variable: Method of pH data collection; Abbreviation: pH_type; Unit: "discrete", "autonomous sensor", "CTD"; Sampling instrument: Discrete: CTD and Niskin or handheld bottles. Autonomous sensors: Seabird SeapHOx, Seabird SeaFET, or Sunburst SAMI-pH; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Simplified pH collection method. For autonomous sensors, detailed sensor information is available in the accompanying Metadata Table. Parameter or Variable: Seawater in-situ pCO2; Abbreviation: pCO2_uatm; Unit: uatm; Observation type: Measured; Sampling instrument: Autonomous sensors Parameter or Variable: pCO2 quality flag; Abbreviation: pCO2_flag; Unit: 1, 3, or NA; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: 1 = data identified as "reliable" by original investigators and not identified as a significant outlier during secondary QC by this project team. 3 = data flagged by original investigators as unreliable and/or identified as a significant outlier during secondary QC. NA = no data. Parameter or Variable: Method of pCO2 data collection; Abbreviation: pCO2_type; Unit: "autonomous sensor"; Sampling instrument: Autonomous sensors: MAPCO2, Sunburst SAMI pCO2; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Simplified pCO2 collection method. Currently, all pCO2 observations are from autonomous sensors, but updates to this dataset could include underway ship observations. Detailed sensor information is available in the accompanying Metadata Table. Parameter or Variable: Method of pCO2 data collection; Abbreviation: fCO2_uatm; Unit: "autonomous sensor"; Observation type: Measured; Sampling instrument: MAPCO2 Parameter or Variable: fCO2 quality flag; Abbreviation: fCO2_flag; Unit: 1, 3, or NA; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: 1 = data identified as "reliable" by original investigators and not identified as a significant outlier during secondary QC by this project team. 3 = data flagged by original investigators as unreliable and/or identified as a significant outlier during secondary QC. NA = no data. Parameter or Variable: Method of fCO2 data collection; Abbreviation: fCO2_type; Unit: "autonomous sensor"; Sampling instrument: MAPCO2; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Simplified fCO2 collection method. Currently, all fCO2 observations are from autonomous sensors, but updates to this dataset could include underway ship observations. Detailed sensor information is available in the accompanying Metadata Table. Parameter or Variable: Total inorganic carbon (TCO2 or DIC); Abbreviation: tCO2_umolkg; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Measured; Sampling instrument: Discrete samples; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Discrete samples collected across a variety of cruise and shore-side projects. All samples preserved with mercuric chloride and analyzed in a laboratory according to best practices. Parameter or Variable: Total inorganic carbon (TCO2 or DIC) quality flag; Abbreviation: tCO2_flag; Unit: 1, 3, or NA; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: 1 = data identified as "reliable" by original investigators and not identified as a significant outlier during secondary QC by this project team. 3 = data flagged by original investigators as unreliable and/or identified as a significant outlier during secondary QC. NA = no data. Parameter or Variable: Method of total inorganic carbon (TCO2 or DIC) data collection; Abbreviation: tCO2_type; Unit: "discrete"; Sampling instrument: CTD and Niskin or handheld bottles. Parameter or Variable: Total alkalinity; Abbreviation: ta_umolkg; Unit: Measured; Observation type: Discrete samples; Analyzing instrument: Discrete samples collected across a variety of cruise and shore-side projects. All samples preserved with mercuric chloride and analyzed in a laboratory according to best practices. Parameter or Variable: Total alkalinity quality flag; Abbreviation: ta_flag; Unit: 1, 3, or NA; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: 1 = data identified as "reliable" by original investigators and not identified as a significant outlier during secondary QC by this project team. 3 = data flagged by original investigators as unreliable and/or identified as a significant outlier during secondary QC. NA = no data. Parameter or Variable: Method of total alkalinity data collection; Abbreviation: ta_type; Unit: "discrete"; Sampling instrument: CTD and Niskin or handheld bottles. Parameter or Variable: Dissolved oxygen concentration; Abbreviation: do_umolkg; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Measured; Sampling instrument: Discrete samples, CTD casts, autonomous sensors, and handheld sensors Parameter or Variable: Dissolved oxygen saturation state; Abbreviation: do_sat; Unit: Percent saturation; Observation type: Measured; Sampling instrument: Discrete samples, CTD casts, autonomous sensors, and handheld sensors Parameter or Variable: Dissolved oxygen quality flag; Abbreviation: do_flag; Unit: 1, 3, or NA; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: 1 = data identified as "reliable" by original investigators and not identified as a significant outlier during secondary QC by this project team. 3 = data flagged by original investigators as unreliable and/or identified as a significant outlier during secondary QC. NA = no data. Applied across both dissolved oxygen observations. Parameter or Variable: Method of dissolved oxygen data collection; Abbreviation: do_type; Unit: "discrete", "autonomous sensor", "CTD", "handheld sensor"; Sampling instrument: Discrete: CTD and Niskin or handheld bottles. CTD cast: shipside profiles taken with an optical or electrochemical sensor. Autonomous sensors: stationary electrochemical and optical sensors. Handheld sensors: glass electrode handheld sensors.; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Simplified dissolved oxygen collection method. For autonomous and handheld sensors, detailed sensor information is available in the accompanying Metadata Table. Parameter or Variable: Chlorophyll a concentration; Abbreviation: chl_ugL; Unit: ug/L; Observation type: Measured; Sampling instrument: Discrete samples, autonomous sensors, and handheld sensors Parameter or Variable: Chlorophyll a quality flag; Abbreviation: chl_flag; Unit: 1, 3, or NA; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: 1 = data identified as "reliable" by original investigators and not identified as a significant outlier during secondary QC by this project team. 3 = data flagged by original investigators as unreliable and/or identified as a significant outlier during secondary QC. NA = no data. Parameter or Variable: Method of chlorophyll a data collection; Abbreviation: chl_type; Unit: "discrete", "autonomous sensor", "handheld sensor"; Analyzing instrument: Discrete: CTD and Niskin or handheld bottles. Autonomous sensors: WET STAR Eco FLNTUS. Handheld sensors: YSI probes Parameter or Variable: Silica concentration; Abbreviation: si_umolkg; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Discrete samples Parameter or Variable: Ammonia and ammonium concentration; Abbreviation: nh4_umolkg; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Discrete samples Parameter or Variable: Nitrate concentration; Abbreviation: no3_umolkg; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Discrete samples Parameter or Variable: Nitrite concentration; Abbreviation: no2_umolkg; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Discrete samples Parameter or Variable: Phosphate concentration (H3PO4, H2PO4, HPO42); Abbreviation: po4_umolkg; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Discrete samples Parameter or Variable: Nutrients quality flag; Abbreviation: nutr_flag; Unit: 1, 3, or NA; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: 1 = data identified as "reliable" by original investigators and not identified as a significant outlier during secondary QC by this project team. 3 = data flagged by original investigators as unreliable and/or identified as a significant outlier during secondary QC. NA = no data. Applied across all nutrient types. Parameter or Variable: Method for dissolved nutrients data collection; Abbreviation: nutr_type; Unit: "discrete" asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water. VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS