gov.noaa.nodc:0253659 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-07-27T07:35:21Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Database Version 2022 (SOCATv2022) (NCEI Accession 0253659) 2022-06-06 publication 2025-06-25 revision 2022-06-02 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/1h9f-nb73 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0253659 NCEI Archive Management System 0253659 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Kevin M. O'Brien University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) kevin.m.o'brien@noaa.gov https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) website Institution web page information resourceProvider NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Dorothee Bakker University of East Anglia, School of Environmental Sciences D.Bakker@uea.ac.uk principalInvestigator Simone R. Alin NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) simone.r.alin@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Meike Becker Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research mbecker@geomar.de https://bjerknes.uib.no/ HTTPS Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Henry Bittig Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW) henry.bittig@io-warnemuende.de https://www.io-warnemuende.de/ HTTPS Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Rocío Castaño-Primo Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research Rocio.Primo@uib.no https://bjerknes.uib.no/ HTTPS Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Thanos Gkritzalis Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) thanosg@vliz.be http://www.vliz.be HTTP Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Koji Kadono Japan Meteorological Agency, Marine Division principalInvestigator Alex Kozyr Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) Alex.Kozyr@noaa.gov https://cisess.umd.edu/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Siv K. 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Voynova Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon collaborator Wilhelm Petersen Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon collaborator Wiley Evans Hakai Institute wiley.evans@hakai.org https://hakai.org/ HTTPS Hakai Institute website Institution web page information collaborator Wei-Jun Cai University of Delaware wcai@udel.edu http://www.udel.edu/ HTTP University of Delaware website Institution web page information collaborator Vlad Alexandru Macovei Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon vlad.macovei@hereon.de collaborator Uwe Send Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) usend@ucsd.edu https://scripps.ucsd.edu/ HTTPS Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) website Institution web page information collaborator Tsuneo Ono JFRA, Fisheries Resource Institute (FRI) ono_tsuneo65@fra.go.jp collaborator Toste Tanhua GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) ttanhua@ifm-geomar.de http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information collaborator Tom Trull Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) tom.trull@csiro.au collaborator Tim Newberger University of Colorado Boulder, Cooperative Institute for Research In Environmental Sciences (CIRES) Tim.Newberger@noaa.gov https://cires.colorado.edu/ HTTPS University of Colorado Boulder, Cooperative Institute for Research In Environmental Sciences (CIRES) website Institution web page information collaborator Thierry Reynaud collaborator Sylvia Musielewicz University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) sylvia.musielewicz@noaa.gov https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) website Institution web page information collaborator Stewart C. Sutherland Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) suth@ldeo.columbia.edu http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/ HTTP Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) website Institution web page information collaborator Steven Emerson University of Washington (UW) collaborator Steve D. Jones University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute (GFI) steve.jones@vliz.be http://www.uib.no/gfi HTTP University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute (GFI) website Institution web page information collaborator Stephan Howden University of Southern Mississippi, Department of Marine Science stephan.howden@usm.edu https://www.usm.edu/marine HTTPS University of Southern Mississippi, Department of Marine Science website Institution web page information collaborator Stacy Maenner Jones NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) stacy.maenner@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information collaborator Robert Weller Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information collaborator Richard Feely NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) Richard.A.Feely@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information collaborator Reiner Schlitzer Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research collaborator Peter Landschützer Max Planck Institute for Meteorology - Hamburg (MPI) peter.landschuetzer@mpimet.mpg.de collaborator Nicholas Bates Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS) Nick.Bates@bios.edu http://www.bios.edu HTTP Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS) website Institution web page information collaborator Nathalie Lefevre Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) nathalie.lefevre@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr https://www.locean.ipsl.fr/ HTTPS Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) website Institution web page information collaborator Natalie Monacci University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) nmonacci@alaska.edu https://www.uaf.edu/ HTTPS University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) website Institution web page information collaborator Natalia Stamataki collaborator Michael Glockzin Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences (IFM-GEOMAR) http://www.ifm-geomar.de/index.php?id=home&L=1 HTTP Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences (IFM-GEOMAR) website Institution web page information collaborator Michael D. 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Corredor University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Department of Marine Sciences jorge.corredor@upr.edu collaborator John Akl Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) collaborator Jessica Cross NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) jessica.cross@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information collaborator Juan Severino Pino Ibánhez Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas de Vigo (IIM) https://www.iim.csic.es/ HTTPS Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas de Vigo (IIM) website Institution web page information collaborator Ingunn Skjelvan NORCE Norwegian Research Centre insk@norceresearch.no https://www.norceresearch.no/en/ HTTPS NORCE Norwegian Research Centre website Institution web page information collaborator Hongjie Wang Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi (TAMU-CC) hwangde@udel.edu https://www.tamucc.edu/ HTTPS Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi (TAMU-CC) website Institution web page information collaborator Gregor Rehder Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW) https://www.io-warnemuende.de/ HTTPS Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW) website Institution web page information collaborator George Petihakis Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR) pet@her.hcmr.gr http://www.hcmr.gr/english_site/welcome/welcome.html HTTP Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR) website Institution web page information collaborator Frank J. Millero University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) http://www.rsmas.miami.edu HTTP University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) website Institution web page information collaborator Eugene F. Burger NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) eugene.burger@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information collaborator Erik van Ooijen collaborator Eric Heinen De Carlo University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (UHM) edecarlo@soest.hawaii.edu https://manoa.hawaii.edu/ HTTPS University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (UHM) website Institution web page information collaborator Douglas Vandemark University of New Hampshire (UNH) doug.vandemark@unh.edu collaborator Doug Wilson NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information collaborator Daiki Nomura collaborator Craig Neill Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) collaborator Cory M. 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Landa University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute (GFI) http://www.uib.no/gfi HTTP University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute (GFI) website Institution web page information collaborator Calvin Mordy University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) website Institution web page information collaborator Burke Hales Oregon State University, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences (OSU-CEOAS) bhales@coas.oregonstate.edu http://ceoas.oregonstate.edu/ HTTP Oregon State University, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences (OSU-CEOAS) website Institution web page information collaborator Arne Körtzinger GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) akoertzinger@geomar.de http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information collaborator Anna Rutgersson Uppsala University http://www.uu.se/en HTTP Uppsala University website Institution web page information collaborator Andrew C. Ross collaborator Albert Plueddemann Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) aplueddemann@whoi.edu http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information collaborator Akihiko Murata Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC) https://www.jamstec.go.jp/rigc/ HTTPS Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC) website Institution web page information collaborator Agneta Fransson Norwegian Polar Institute agneta@npolar.no collaborator Abe Passmore collaborator Bakker, Dorothee C. E. University of East Anglia, School of Environmental Sciences author Alin, Simone R. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Becker, Meike Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research https://bjerknes.uib.no/ HTTPS Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research website Institution web page information author Bittig, Henry C. Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde https://www.io-warnemuende.de/ HTTPS Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW) website Institution web page information author Castaño-Primo, Rocío Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research https://bjerknes.uib.no/ HTTPS Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research website Institution web page information author Feely, Richard A. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Gkritzalis, Thanos Flanders Marine Institute http://www.vliz.be HTTP Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) website Institution web page information author Kadono, Koji Japan Meteorological Agency, Marine Division author Kozyr, Alex Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies https://cisess.umd.edu/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) website Institution web page information author Lauvset, Siv K. NORCE Norwegian Research Centre https://www.norceresearch.no/en/ HTTPS NORCE Norwegian Research Centre website Institution web page information author Metzl, Nicolas Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques https://www.locean.ipsl.fr/ HTTPS Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) website Institution web page information author Munro, David R. University of Colorado Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences author Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro National Institute for Environmental Studies author Nojiri, Yukihiro National Institute for Environmental Studies author O'Brien, Kevin M. University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies, under grant from NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) website Institution web page information author Olsen, Are Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research https://bjerknes.uib.no/ HTTPS Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research website Institution web page information author Pfeil, Benjamin Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research https://bjerknes.uib.no/ HTTPS Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research website Institution web page information author Pierrot, Denis NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information author Steinhoff, Tobias GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information author Sullivan, Kevin F. Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies Kevin.Sullivan@noaa.gov https://cimas.earth.miami.edu/ HTTPS Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) website Institution web page information author Sutton, Adrienne J. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Sweeney, Colm NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) website Institution web page information author Tilbrook, Bronte Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization author Wada, Chisato National Institute for Environmental Studies wada.chisato@nies.go.jp author Wanninkhof, Rik NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information author Willstrand Wranne, Anna Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute https://www.smhi.se/ HTTPS Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) website Institution web page information author Akl, John Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization author Apelthun, Lise B. author Bates, Nicholas Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences http://www.bios.edu HTTP Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS) website Institution web page information author Beatty, Cory M. University of Montana Cory.Beatty@umontana.edu author Burger, Eugene F. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Cai, Wei-Jun University of Delaware http://www.udel.edu/ HTTP University of Delaware website Institution web page information author Cosca, Catherine E. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Corredor, Jorge E. University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Department of Marine Sciences jorge.corredor@upr.edu author Cronin, Margot Marine Institute Ireland https://www.marine.ie/ HTTPS Marine Institute Ireland (MI) website Institution web page information author Cross, Jessica N. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author De Carlo, Eric H. University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa https://manoa.hawaii.edu/ HTTPS University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (UHM) website Institution web page information author DeGrandpre, Michael D. University of Montana author Emerson, Steven R. University of Washington author Enright, Matt P. Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences http://www.bios.edu HTTP Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS) website Institution web page information author Enyo, Kazutaka Japan Meteorological Agency seadata@met.kishou.go.jp author Evans, Wiley Hakai Institute https://hakai.org/ HTTPS Hakai Institute website Institution web page information author Frangoulis, Constantin Hellenic Centre for Marine Research cfrangoulis@hcmr.gr http://www.hcmr.gr/english_site/welcome/welcome.html HTTP Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR) website Institution web page information author Fransson, Agneta Norwegian Polar Institute author García-Ibáñez, Maribel I. Institut de Ciències del Mar - Barcelona author Gehrung, Martina Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon author Giannoudi, Louisa author Glockzin, Michael Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences http://www.ifm-geomar.de/index.php?id=home&L=1 HTTP Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences (IFM-GEOMAR) website Institution web page information author Hales, Burke Oregon State University, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences http://ceoas.oregonstate.edu/ HTTP Oregon State University, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences (OSU-CEOAS) website Institution web page information author Howden, Stephan D. University of Southern Mississippi, Department of Marine Science https://www.usm.edu/marine HTTPS University of Southern Mississippi, Department of Marine Science website Institution web page information author Hunt, Christopher W. University of New Hampshire author Ibánhez, J. Severino P. Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas de Vigo https://www.iim.csic.es/ HTTPS Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas de Vigo (IIM) website Institution web page information author Jones, Steve D. University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute http://www.uib.no/gfi HTTP University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute (GFI) website Institution web page information author Kamb, Linus University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) website Institution web page information author Körtzinger, Arne GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information author Landa, Camilla S. University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute http://www.uib.no/gfi HTTP University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute (GFI) website Institution web page information author Landschützer, Peter Max Planck Institute for Meteorology - Hamburg author Lefèvre, Nathalie Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques https://www.locean.ipsl.fr/ HTTPS Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) website Institution web page information author Lo Monaco, Claire Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques https://www.locean.ipsl.fr/ HTTPS Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) website Institution web page information author Macovei, Vlad A. Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon author Maenner Jones, Stacy NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory stacy.maenner@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Meinig, Christian author Millero, Frank J. University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science http://www.rsmas.miami.edu HTTP University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) website Institution web page information author Monacci, Natalie M. University of Alaska Fairbanks https://www.uaf.edu/ HTTPS University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) website Institution web page information author Mordy, Calvin University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies, under grant from NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) website Institution web page information author Morell, Julio M. University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Department of Marine Sciences julio.morell@upr.edu author Murata, Akihiko Research Institute for Global Change https://www.jamstec.go.jp/rigc/ HTTPS Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC) website Institution web page information author Musielewicz, Sylvia University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies, under grant from NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory sylvia.musielewicz@noaa.gov https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) website Institution web page information author Neill, Craig Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization author Newberger, Tim University of Colorado Boulder, Cooperative Institute for Research In Environmental Sciences Tim.Newberger@noaa.gov https://cires.colorado.edu/ HTTPS University of Colorado Boulder, Cooperative Institute for Research In Environmental Sciences (CIRES) website Institution web page information author Nomura, Daiki author Ohman, Mark D. Scripps Institution of Oceanography https://scripps.ucsd.edu/ HTTPS Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) website Institution web page information author Ono, Tsuneo JFRA, Fisheries Resource Institute author Passmore, Abe author Petersen, Wilhelm Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon author Petihakis, George Hellenic Centre for Marine Research http://www.hcmr.gr/english_site/welcome/welcome.html HTTP Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR) website Institution web page information author Perivoliotis, Leonidas Hellenic Centre for Marine Research lperiv@hcmr.gr http://www.hcmr.gr/english_site/welcome/welcome.html HTTP Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR) website Institution web page information author Plueddemann, Albert J. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information author Rehder, Gregor Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde https://www.io-warnemuende.de/ HTTPS Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW) website Institution web page information author Reynaud, Thierry author Rodriguez, Carmen author Ross, Andrew C. author Rutgersson, Anna Uppsala University http://www.uu.se/en HTTP Uppsala University website Institution web page information author Sabine, Christopher L. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Salisbury, Joseph E. University of New Hampshire author Schlitzer, Reiner Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research author Send, Uwe Scripps Institution of Oceanography https://scripps.ucsd.edu/ HTTPS Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) website Institution web page information author Skjelvan, Ingunn NORCE Norwegian Research Centre https://www.norceresearch.no/en/ HTTPS NORCE Norwegian Research Centre website Institution web page information author Stamataki, Natalia author Sutherland, Stewart C. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory suth@ldeo.columbia.edu http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/ HTTP Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) website Institution web page information author Sweeney, Colm NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) website Institution web page information author Tadokoro, Kazuaki Tohoku Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory author Tanhua, Toste GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information author Telszewski, Maciej International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project author Trull, Tom Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization tom.trull@csiro.au author Vandemark, Douglas University of New Hampshire doug.vandemark@unh.edu author van Ooijen, Erik author Voynova, Yoana G. Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon author Wang, Hongjie Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi https://www.tamucc.edu/ HTTPS Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi (TAMU-CC) website Institution web page information author Weller, Robert A. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information author Whitehead, Chris author Wilson, Doug NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information author Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) https://www.locean.ipsl.fr/ HTTPS Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) website Institution web page information contributor Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research https://bjerknes.uib.no/ HTTPS Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research website Institution web page information contributor University of Colorado Boulder, Cooperative Institute for Research In Environmental Sciences (CIRES) https://cires.colorado.edu/ HTTPS University of Colorado Boulder, Cooperative Institute for Research In Environmental Sciences (CIRES) website Institution web page information contributor GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information contributor Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW) https://www.io-warnemuende.de/ HTTPS Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW) website Institution web page information contributor Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) http://www.vliz.be HTTP Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) website Institution web page information contributor Sorbonne University (SU) http://www.sorbonne-universite.fr/en HTTP Sorbonne University (SU) website Institution web page information contributor NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information contributor National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) contributor Japan Meteorological Agency, Marine Division contributor University of East Anglia, School of Environmental Sciences contributor Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) contributor NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This dataset consists of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Version 2022 (SOCATv2022) data product files. The ocean absorbs one quarter of the global CO2 emissions from human activity. The community-led Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (www.socat.info) is key for the quantification of ocean CO2 uptake and its variation, now and in the future. SOCAT version 2022 has quality-controlled in situ surface ocean fCO2 (fugacity of CO2) measurements on ships, moorings, autonomous and drifting surface platforms for the global oceans and coastal seas from 1957 to 2021. The main synthesis and gridded products contain 33.7 million fCO2 values with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 μatm. A further 6.4 million fCO2 sensor data with an estimated accuracy of 5 to 10 μatm are separately available. During quality control, marine scientists assign a flag to each data set, as well as WOCE flags of 2 (good), 3 (questionable) or 4 (bad) to individual fCO2 values. Data sets are assigned flags of A and B for an estimated accuracy of better than 2 μatm, flags of C and D for an accuracy of better than 5 μatm and a flag of E for an accuracy of better than 10 μatm. Bakker et al. (2016) describe the quality control criteria used in SOCAT versions 3 to 2022. Quality control comments for individual data sets can be accessed via the SOCAT Data Set Viewer (www.socat.info). All data sets, where data quality has been deemed acceptable, have been made public. The main SOCAT synthesis files and the gridded products contain all data sets with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 µatm (data set flags of A to D) and fCO2 values with a WOCE flag of 2. Access to data sets with an estimated accuracy of 5 to 10 (flag of E) and fCO2 values with flags of 3 and 4 is via additional data products and the Data Set Viewer (Table 8 in Bakker et al., 2016). SOCAT publishes a global gridded product with a 1° longitude by 1° latitude resolution. A second product with a higher resolution of 0.25° longitude by 0.25° latitude is available for the coastal seas. The gridded products contain all data sets with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 µatm (data set flags of A to D) and fCO2 values with a WOCE flag of 2. Gridded products are available monthly, per year and per decade. Two powerful, interactive, online viewers, the Data Set Viewer and the Gridded Data Viewer (www.socat.info), enable investigation of the SOCAT synthesis and gridded data products. SOCAT data products can be downloaded. Matlab code is available for reading these files. Ocean Data View also provides access to the SOCAT data products (www.socat.info). SOCAT data products are discoverable, accessible and citable. The SOCAT Data Use Statement (www.socat.info) asks users to generously acknowledge the contribution of SOCAT scientists by invitation to co-authorship, especially for data providers in regional studies, and/or reference to relevant scientific articles. The SOCAT website (www.socat.info) provides a single access point for online viewers, downloadable data sets, the Data Use Statement, a list of contributors and an overview of scientific publications on and using SOCAT. Automation of data upload and initial data checks allows annual releases of SOCAT from version 4 onwards. SOCAT is used for quantification of ocean CO2 uptake and ocean acidification and for evaluation of climate models and sensor data. SOCAT products inform the annual Global Carbon Budget since 2013. The annual SOCAT releases by the SOCAT scientific community are a Voluntary Commitment for United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14.3 (Reduce Ocean Acidification) (#OceanAction20464). More broadly the SOCAT releases contribute to UN SDG 13 (Climate Action) and SDG 14 (Life Below Water), and to the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. Hundreds of peer-reviewed scientific publications and high-impact reports cite SOCAT. The SOCAT community-led synthesis product is a key step in the value chain based on in situ inorganic carbon measurements of the oceans, which provides policy makers with critical information on ocean CO2 uptake in climate negotiations. The need for accurate knowledge of global ocean CO2 uptake and its (future) variation makes sustained funding of in situ surface ocean CO2 observations imperative. To provide the synthesis and gridded, quality controlled, observational products of surface ocean fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) for the global oceans and coastal seas Funding Information: Ocean Observing and Monitoring Division of NOAA's Climate Program Office, EU, NSF, Japan Climate Research Programs (Surface Water pCO2 measurements from ships; High-Resolution Ocean and Atmosphere pCO2 Time-Series Measurements) completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded NCEI Accession 0253659 was revised and a new version of the archival package was published. Updates to existing archival packages may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. The latest version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. Please see journal.txt in the /about directory for additional details on changes made. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0253659 Preview graphic PNG 0253659 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2022-06-02 publication Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water pH SALINITY SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS bubble type equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer pH sensor salinometer showerhead equilibrator temperature sensor instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS chemical meteorological physical surface underway time series theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Flanders Marine Institute GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Japan Meteorological Agency, Marine Division Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde National Institute for Environmental Studies NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Sorbonne University University of Colorado Boulder, Cooperative Institute for Research In Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia, School of Environmental Sciences dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Arctic Ocean Baltic Sea Caribbean Sea Gulf of Mexico Indian Ocean Mediterranean Sea North Atlantic Ocean North Pacific Ocean South Atlantic Ocean South Pacific Ocean Southern Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication BE/VLIZ > Flanders Marine Institute, Belgium BJERKNES > Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research DE/GEOMAR > GEOMAR - Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany DOC/NOAA/OAR/AOML > Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce DOC/NOAA/OAR/PMEL > Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce IOW > Leibniz Institute Baltic Sea Research Institute, Warnemuende, Germany JP/JMA > Japan Meteorological Agency, Japan JP/NIES > National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan UCO/CIRES > Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project project Ocean Acidification Search Keywords Coastal Carbon Project Moorings and Time Series project SOOP project Reference Section ID Coastal Carbon Project Moorings and Time Series Project Ship Of Opportunity Program (SOOP) project Research Projects EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY > CARBON AND HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS > ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE > PARTIAL PRESSURE OF CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PH EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Data synthesis product Surface measurement theme OCADS Study Type SOCAT SOCATv2022 Data Synthesis Product SOCATv2022 database SOCATv2022 gridded data product theme Provider Keywords ATM_PPRE EQ_PRE EQ_TMP SSS SST fCO2 theme Provider Variable Abbreviations CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS EQUILIBRATORS PH METERS > PH METERS SALINOMETERS TEMPERATURE SENSORS > TEMPERATURE SENSORS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian OCEAN > ARCTIC OCEAN OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > BALTIC SEA OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > CARIBBEAN SEA OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > GULF OF AMERICA OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > GULF OF MEXICO OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > MEDITERRANEAN SEA OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN OCEAN > INDIAN OCEAN OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Arctic Ocean Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean Southern Ocean place Provider Geographic Names accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Bakker, Dorothee C. E.; Alin, Simone R.; Becker, Meike; Bittig, Henry C.; Castaño-Primo, Rocío; Feely, Richard A.; Gkritzalis, Thanos; Kadono, Koji; Kozyr, Alex; Lauvset, Siv K.; Metzl, Nicolas; Munro, David R.; Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro; Nojiri, Yukihiro; O'Brien, Kevin M.; Olsen, Are; Pfeil, Benjamin; Pierrot, Denis; Steinhoff, Tobias; Sullivan, Kevin F.; Sutton, Adrienne J.; Sweeney, Colm; Tilbrook, Bronte; Wada, Chisato; Wanninkhof, Rik; Willstrand Wranne, Anna; Akl, John; Apelthun, Lise B.; Bates, Nicholas; Beatty, Cory M.; Burger, Eugene F.; Cai, Wei-Jun; Cosca, Catherine E.; Corredor, Jorge E.; Cronin, Margot; Cross, Jessica N.; De Carlo, Eric H.; DeGrandpre, Michael D.; Emerson, Steven R.; Enright, Matt P.; Enyo, Kazutaka; Evans, Wiley; Frangoulis, Constantin; Fransson, Agneta; García-Ibáñez, Maribel I.; Gehrung, Martina; Giannoudi, Louisa; Glockzin, Michael; Hales, Burke; Howden, Stephan D.; Hunt, Christopher W.; Ibánhez, J. Severino P.; Jones, Steve D.; Kamb, Linus; Körtzinger, Arne; Landa, Camilla S.; Landschützer, Peter; Lefèvre, Nathalie; Lo Monaco, Claire; Macovei, Vlad A.; Maenner Jones, Stacy; Meinig, Christian; Millero, Frank J.; Monacci, Natalie M.; Mordy, Calvin; Morell, Julio M.; Murata, Akihiko; Musielewicz, Sylvia; Neill, Craig; Newberger, Tim; Nomura, Daiki; Ohman, Mark D.; Ono, Tsuneo; Passmore, Abe; Petersen, Wilhelm; Petihakis, George; Perivoliotis, Leonidas; Plueddemann, Albert J.; Rehder, Gregor; Reynaud, Thierry; Rodriguez, Carmen; Ross, Andrew C.; Rutgersson, Anna; Sabine, Christopher L.; Salisbury, Joseph E.; Schlitzer, Reiner; Send, Uwe; Skjelvan, Ingunn; Stamataki, Natalia; Sutherland, Stewart C.; Sweeney, Colm; Tadokoro, Kazuaki; Tanhua, Toste; Telszewski, Maciej; Trull, Tom; Vandemark, Douglas; van Ooijen, Erik; Voynova, Yoana G.; Wang, Hongjie; Weller, Robert A.; Whitehead, Chris; Wilson, Doug (2022). Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Database Version 2022 (SOCATv2022) (NCEI Accession 0253659). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/1h9f-nb73. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. license This dataset is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License. SPDX License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Landa, C. S., Metzl, N., O’Brien, K. M., Olsen, A., Smith, K., Cosca, C., Harasawa, S., Jones, S. D., Nakaoka, S.-i., Nojiri, Y., Schuster, U., Steinhoff, T., Sweeney, C., Takahashi, T., Tilbrook, B., Wada, C., Wanninkhof, R., et al. (2016). A multi-decade record of high-quality f CO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT). Earth System Science Data, 8(2), 383–413. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-383-2016 2016-09-15 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-383-2016 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-383-2016 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-383-2016 related journal article information Bakker, Dorothee C. E. University of East Anglia author Pfeil, Benjamin author Landa, Camilla S. author Metzl, Nicolas author O'Brien, Kevin M. author Olsen, Are University of Bergen author Smith, Karl author Cosca, Cathy author Harasawa, Sumiko author Jones, Stephen D. VLIZ author Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro National Institute for Environmental Studies author Nojiri, Yukihiro author Schuster, Ute author Steinhoff, Tobias GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information author Sweeney, Colm NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) website Institution web page information author Takahashi, Taro author Tilbrook, Bronte CSIRO author Wada, Chisato author Wanninkhof, Rik author Alin, Simone R. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration author Balestrini, Carlos F. author Barbero, Leticia University of Miami http://www.miami.edu/ HTTP University of Miami (UM) website Institution web page information author Bates, Nicholas R. author Bianchi, Alejandro A. author Bonou, Frédéric author Boutin, Jacqueline CNRS Délégation Paris B https://www.cnrs.fr/ HTTPS French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) website Institution web page information author Bozec, Yann author Burger, Eugene F. author Cai, Wei-Jun University of Delaware http://www.udel.edu/ HTTP University of Delaware website Institution web page information author Castle, Robert D. author Chen, Liqi author Chierici, Melissa author Currie, Kim author Evans, Wiley author Featherstone, Charles author Feely, Richard A. author Fransson, Agneta author Goyet, Catherine author Greenwood, Naomi Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science https://www.cefas.co.uk/ HTTPS Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas) website Institution web page information author Gregor, Luke Swiss Data Science Center author Hankin, Steven author Hardman-Mountford, Nick J. author Harlay, Jérôme author Hauck, Judith Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung https://www.awi.de/ HTTPS Alfred-Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) website Institution web page information author Hoppema, Mario Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research https://www.awi.de/ HTTPS Alfred-Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) website Institution web page information author Humphreys, Matthew P. Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research http://www.nioz.nl/ HTTP Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ) website Institution web page information author Hunt, Christopher W. author Huss, Betty author Ibánhez, J. Severino P. author Johannessen, Truls University of Bergen author Keeling, Ralph University of California, San Diego author Kitidis, Vassilis author Körtzinger, Arne GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information author Kozyr, Alex author Krasakopoulou, Evangelia author Kuwata, Akira author Landschützer, Peter Flanders Marine Institute author Lauvset, Siv K. author Lefèvre, Nathalie author Lo Monaco, Claire author Manke, Ansley author Mathis, Jeremy T. author Merlivat, Liliane author Millero, Frank J. author Monteiro, Pedro M. S. author Munro, David R. University of Colorado Boulder https://www.colorado.edu/ HTTPS University of Colorado Boulder website Institution web page information author Murata, Akihiko author Newberger, Timothy author Omar, Abdirahman M. author Ono, Tsuneo Fisheries Resources Institute / Fisheries Research Agency author Paterson, Kristina author Pearce, David author Pierrot, Denis Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory author Robbins, Lisa L. author Saito, Shu author Salisbury, Joe author Schlitzer, Reiner author Schneider, Bernd author Schweitzer, Roland author Sieger, Rainer Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar und Meeresforschung https://www.awi.de/ HTTPS Alfred-Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) website Institution web page information author Skjelvan, Ingunn author Sullivan, Kevin F. author Sutherland, Stewart C. author Sutton, Adrienne J. Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory author Tadokoro, Kazuaki author Telszewski, Maciej author Tuma, Matthias author van Heuven, Steven M. A. C. Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar und Meeresforschung https://www.awi.de/ HTTPS Alfred-Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) website Institution web page information author Vandemark, Doug author Ward, Brian author Watson, Andrew J. University of Exeter http://www.exeter.ac.uk/ HTTP University of Exeter website Institution web page information author Xu, Suqing author Copernicus GmbH publisher documentDigital Earth Syst. Sci. Data 8(2) ISSN 1866-3516, pp. 383-413 crossReference project SOCAT publication https://www.socat.info/ HTTPS https://www.socat.info/ Related resource information documentDigital crossReference project NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system 2022-04 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system OCADS website information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital [accessed 2024-02-08] crossReference program eng; USA utf8 environment oceans climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere -180 180 -90 90 1957-10-22 2022-01-05 In this accession, NCEI has archived multiple versions of these data. The latest (and best) version of these data has the largest version number. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Originator data format 21606.108 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0253659.html HTTPS Web browser Project Metadata Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://doi.org/10.25921/1h9f-nb73 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/253659 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/253659 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0202/0253659/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0253659 v1.1 was published. 2022-06-06T22:31:41Z NCEI Accession 0253659 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0253659/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0253659 v1.1 published 2022-06-06T22:31:41Z download NCEI Accession 0253659 was revised and v1.2 was published. Additional metadata files were received or created for this dataset. These updates were copied into the about/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. 2025-06-25T17:01:30Z NCEI Accession 0253659 v1.2 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0253659/1.2 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0253659 v1.2 published 2025-06-25T17:01:30Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: pCO2 (fCO2) autonomous; Abbreviation: fCO2; Unit: uatm; Observation type: Surface underway; Measured or calculated: fCO2 recomputed from the raw data; Equilibrator type:; Equilibrator volume:; How was pressure inside the equilibrator measured:; SEA CO2 gas detector resolution: Accuracy: better than 5 uatm; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value; Researcher name: SOCAT Team Parameter or Variable: Sea Surface Salinity; Abbreviation: SSS; Observation type: measured, data synthesis; Researcher name: SOCAT team Parameter or Variable: Sea Surface Temperature; Abbreviation: SST; Unit: Deg. C; Observation type: measured, data synthesis; Researcher name: SOCAT Team Parameter or Variable: Atmospheric Pressure; Abbreviation: ATM_PPRE; Unit: DBAR; Observation type: measured, data synthesis; Researcher name: SOCAT Team Parameter or Variable: Pressure at Equilibrator; Abbreviation: EQ_PRE; Unit: DBAR; Observation type: measured, data synthesis; Researcher name: SOCAT Team Parameter or Variable: Water Temperature at Equilibrator; Abbreviation: EQ_TMP; Unit: Deg. C; Observation type: measured, data synthesis; Researcher name: SOCAT Team asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian bubble type equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement bubble type equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement This type of equilibrators are often used on buoys. Developed by Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory and Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, the h-shaped bubble equilibrator does not require a water pump to spray water from the top. see Takahashi 1961 for more information. carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water. pH sensor pH sensor generic meter used to measure pH Any of a class of instruments used to quantify pH in a water or other type of sample. salinometer salinometer generic salinometer use salinometer when the instrument type used is unclear but the data include salinity measurements showerhead equilibrator showerhead equilibrator extracts dissolved CO2 from water A carbon dioxide equilibrator is usually in the shape of a vertical tube, with a showerhead on the top, some headspace, a lot of beads to increase the surface exchange area between water and air, a water seal device at the bottom to allow water to overflow, but prevents air exchange between inside and outside. Carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer (insttypes_id 183) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water. temperature sensor temperature sensor A sensor used to measure temperature. VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS