noaa-model-10477 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2024-02-11 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Ensemble Simulation of the Last Millennium using the Comprehensive COSMOS Earth System Model 2011-03-14 publication doi:10.25921/8wfg-nr40 noaa-model-10477 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Jungclaus, J.H. originator Jungclaus, J.H. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Paleoclimatology Modeling. The data include parameters of paleoclimatic modeling with a geographic location of Global. The time period coverage is from 1150 to -150 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Computer simulations of past climate. Variables provided as model output are described by parameter keyword. In some cases the parameter keywords are a subset of all archived model output, and additional output is available upon request. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the dataset citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-model.png Paleoclimatology - Modeling PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Paleoclimate Reconstructions theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > model > atmosphere model earth science > paleoclimate > model > ocean model theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian sensitivity theme What: age; Material: null What: surface air temperature; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: surface temperature; Material: null What: latitude; Material: null What: sea level pressure; Material: null What: longitude; Material: null theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Geographic Region > Global > Global > LATITUDE > LONGITUDE place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Jungclaus, J.H. (2011-03-14): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Ensemble Simulation of the Last Millennium using the Comprehensive COSMOS Earth System Model. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/8wfg-nr40. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. Climate and carbon-cycle variability over the last millennium 2010 publication Jungclaus, J.H., S.J. Lorenz, C. Timmreck, C.H. Reick, V. Brovkin, K. Six, J. Segschneider, M.A. Giorgetta, T.J. Crowley, J. Pongratz, N.A. Krivova, L.E. Vieira, S.K. Solanki, D. Klocke, M. Botzet, M. Esch, V. Gayler, H. Haak, T.J. Raddatz, E. Roeckner, R. Schnur, H. Widmann, M. Claussen, B. Stevens and J. Marotzke author Climate of the Past publisher https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-723-2010 HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 2010 Jungclaus, J.H., S.J. Lorenz, C. Timmreck, C.H. Reick, V. Brovkin, K. Six, J. Segschneider, M.A. Giorgetta, T.J. Crowley, J. Pongratz, N.A. Krivova, L.E. Vieira, S.K. Solanki, D. Klocke, M. Botzet, M. Esch, V. Gayler, H. Haak, T.J. Raddatz, E. Roeckner, R. Schnur, H. Widmann, M. Claussen, B. Stevens and J. Marotzke, 2010: Climate and carbon-cycle variability over the last millennium. Climate of the Past, 6, 723-737, 10.5194/cp-6-723-2010 information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 800 CE to 2100 CE; Date Range: 1150 cal yr BP to -150 cal yr BP; -180 180 -90 90 800 2100 STUDY NOTES: The data is all monthly means on a 96 x 48 gaussian grid. Experiment ID Length Description mil0001_EH5_mm 800-3800 yr. 800 control experiment mil0002_EH5_mm 800-2100 land use change only (best guess) mil0005_EH5_mm 800-2005 solar forcing only mil0006_EH5_mm 800-2005 solar forcing only (scaled to 0.25% amp.) mil0007_EH5_mm 800-2100 as mil0002, only biogeochemical influence of land cover changes mil0008_EH5_mm 1860-2100 as mil002, plus fossil fuel emissions mil0009_EH5_mm 800-2005 Volcanoes only mil0010_EH5_mm 800-2005 full forcing (ensemble member 1) mil0012_EH5_mm 800-2005 full forcing (ensemble member 2) mil0013_EH5_mm 800-2005 full forcing (ensemble member 3) mil0014_EH5_mm 800-2005 full forcing (ensemble member 4) mil0015_EH5_mm 800-2005 full forcing (ensemble member 5) mil0021_EH5_mm 800-2100 full forcing using solar forcing of Bard (ensemble member 1) mil0025_EH5_mm 800-2100 full forcing using solar forcing of Bard (ensemble member 2) mil0026_EH5_mm 800-2100 full forcing using solar forcing of Bard (ensemble member 3) ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: A long-standing task in climate research has been to distinguish between anthropogenic climate change and natural climate variability. A prerequisite for fulfilling this task is the understanding of the relative roles of external drivers and internal variability of climate and the carbon cycle. Here, we present the first ensemble simulations over the last 1200 years with a comprehensive Earth system model including a fully interactive carbon cycle. Applying up-to-date reconstructions of external forcing including the recent low-amplitude estimates of solar variations, the ensemble simulations reproduce temperature evolutions consistent with the range of reconstructions. The 20th-century warming trend stands out against all pre-industrial trends within the ensemble. Volcanic eruptions are necessary to explain variations in pre-industrial climate such as the Little Ice Age; yet only the strongest, repeated eruptions lead to cooling trends that differ significantly from the internal variability across all ensemble members. The simulated atmospheric CO2 concentrations exhibit a stable carbon cycle over the pre-industrial era with multi-centennial variations somewhat smaller than in the observational records. Early land-cover changes have modulated atmospheric CO2 concentrations only slightly. We provide a model-based quantification of the sensitivity (termed γ) of the global carbon cycle to temperature for a variety of climate and forcing conditions. We diagnose a distinct dependence of γ on the forcing strength and time-scales involved, thus providing a possible explanation for the systematic difference in the observational estimates for different segments of the last millennium. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/8wfg-nr40 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/10477 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoclimatology-modeling HTTPS Information NCEI Paleoclimatology Modeling Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/mpi/MILL-COSMOS-readme.txt HTTPS Download /gcmoutput/mpi/MILL-COSMOS-readme.txt Readme download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/mpi/ HTTPS Download /gcmoutput/mpi/ Data Folder download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21