gov.noaa.nodc:0204269 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2025-12-14T19:43:33Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Coastal turbidity on the shelf of American Samoa - monitoring turbid water sources and fates by satellite - Ofu, Olosega, and Ta'u reefs (ONSP6) (NCEI Accession 0204269) 2019-10-16 publication 2019-10-04 creation NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0204269 NCEI Archive Management System 0204269 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Lewis J. Gramer NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) lew.gramer@noaa.gov https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information resourceProvider NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Lewis James Gramer Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) lew.gramer@noaa.gov https://cimas.earth.miami.edu/ HTTPS Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Brian Barnes University of South Florida St. Petersburg bbarnes4@mail.usf.edu https://www.stpetersburg.usf.edu/ HTTPS University of South Florida St. Petersburg website Institution web page information collaborator James Hendee NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) jim.hendee@noaa.gov https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information collaborator Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies https://cimas.earth.miami.edu/ HTTPS Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) website Institution web page information author Gramer, Lewis J. University of Miami Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies https://cimas.earth.miami.edu/ HTTPS Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) website Institution web page information author Hu, Chuanmin author Barnes, Brian author Hendee, James C. NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information author University of South Florida St. Petersburg https://www.stpetersburg.usf.edu/ HTTPS University of South Florida St. Petersburg website Institution web page information contributor NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital Relative turbidity, bathymetry, and environmental correlates (modeled wave height) for insular shelf of American Samoa- from 2002 to 2017 - Ofu, Olosega, and Ta'u region of interest (ONSP6). Data are in gridded netCDF binary format - Hierarchical Data Format (version 5), "NETCDF4 CLASSIC_MODEL". Turbidity can have a significant impact on coral reef ecosystems, through light limitation, sedimentation, and eutrophication (e.g., Bessell-Browne et al. 2017). Several U.S. reef jurisdictions have made as a priority (e.g., FDEP 2004 Local Action Strategy), to determine the tracks and fates of turbidity in their waters. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Coral Reef Conservation Program (NOAA - CRCP) funded a collaborative project in 2013-2015 (Project #881), to help meet this priority. Potential sources of turbidity described in the literature include natural sediment resuspension due to wind and waves (e.g., Storlazzi and Jaffe 2008), tidal runoff and coastal inlets and oceanic wastewater outfalls (Staley et al. 2017), and other human activities such as dredging (e.g., Wang and Beck 2017). Because of the complexity both of potential sources and of coastal circulation and mixing patterns, in situ monitoring of turbidity and associated sedimentation is challenging (e.g., Whinney et al. 2017). Using satellite remote sensing to monitor coastal turbidity has a variety of potential advantages (e.g., Hu et al. 2012). NOAA CRCP Project #881 was funded to provide managers with historical maps of turbidity, and alerts and maps for near real-time tracking of turbidity plumes, in coastal waters of three CRCP priority jurisdictions: American Samoa (including Faga'alu), CNMI (including Saipan, Rota/Talakhaya, and Tinian), and south Florida (including reefs offshore of projects for port/tunnel expansion and beach refurbishment in three Counties). Academic partners (USF) in collaboration with AOML began back-processing and analyzing remote-sensing data in 2013 to produce maps of "relative turbidity", an indicator of change in available light, for the three target regions. These relative turbidity or "Color Index" (CI) maps are gathered via MODIS ocean color instruments on two polar-orbiting satellites at 250 m spatial resolution. Maps have been produced for analysis from July 2002 to the present, and new maps are made available to management partners in all three jurisdictions in near real-time via public Web site. Funding Agency: NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0204269 Preview graphic PNG 0204269 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2019-05-17 publication BATHYMETRY turbidity WATER COLOR WAVE HEIGHT - SIGNIFICANT theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS MODIS instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS model output satellite data theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS Aqua Terra platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory University of South Florida St. Petersburg dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) CORAL REEF STUDIES project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa South Pacific Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication AOML Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory dataCentre Contributing Organizations DOC/NOAA/OAR/AOML > Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian 881 Sediment on reefs and adjacent coastal areas: information tools for managers in American Samoa, South Florida, CNMI project CRCP Project Geographic Information > Backscatter Geographic Information > Bathymetry Numeric Data Sets > Backscatter Numeric Data Sets > Bathymetry Numeric Data Sets > Water Quality theme CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Bathymetry/Seafloor Topography > Bathymetry EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Optics > Turbidity EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Waves > Wave Height EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Waves > Wind Waves theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > BATHYMETRY/SEAFLOOR TOPOGRAPHY > BATHYMETRY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS > OCEAN COLOR EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS > TURBIDITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN WAVES > SIGNIFICANT WAVE HEIGHT theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Ecoforecast Alert Intensity NOAA Wave Watch III Equatorial Pacific theme Provider Keywords MODIS > Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian EISES Expert System instrument Provider Instruments Aqua > Earth Observing System, Aqua Terra > Earth Observing System, Terra (AM-1) platform Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Aqua (ICES code: 33V4, 2002-2016) Terra (ICES code: 33XX, 1999-2016) platform ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > American Samoa > American Samoa (14S170W0000) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > American Samoa > Ofu Island (14S169W0013) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > American Samoa > Olosega Island (14S169W0014) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > American Samoa > Ta'u Island (14S169W0012) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > American Samoa > American Samoa (14S170W0000) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Manu'a Group > Ofu Island (14S169W0013) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Manu'a Group > Olosega Island (14S169W0014) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Manu'a Group > Ta'u Island (14S169W0012) place CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > AMERICAN SAMOA OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian 89CBJP Send2NCEI Submission Package ID accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies; Gramer, Lewis J.; Hu, Chuanmin; Barnes, Brian; Hendee, James C. (2019). Coastal turbidity on the shelf of American Samoa - monitoring turbid water sources and fates by satellite - Ofu, Olosega, and Ta'u reefs (ONSP6) (NCEI Accession 0204269). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0204269. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies 2011 publication http://cimas.rsmas.miami.edu/ HTTP Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) CIMAS Web Page information Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) http://cimas.rsmas.miami.edu/ HTTP website Institution web page information author documentDigital crossReference eng; USA utf8 environment oceans geoscientificInformation -169.8258 -169.4298 -14.274 -14.0554 2002-07-05 2017-05-27 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. netCDF netCDF-4 classic model NCEI_NetCDF_Grid_Template_v2.0, ACDD-1.3, CF-1.6 1737.52 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0204269 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/204269 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/204269 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0147/0204269/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0204269 v1.1 was published. 2019-10-16T23:56:53Z NCEI Accession 0204269 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0204269/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0204269 v1.1 published 2019-10-16T23:56:53Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: WATER COLOR (calculated); Units: Index; Observation Category: satellite; Sampling Instrument: MODIS; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Hu C (2017) University of South Florida - Optical Oceanography Lab (OOL), http://optics.marine.usf.edu/; Data Quality Method: See above Parameter or Variable: WAVE HEIGHT - SIGNIFICANT (calculated); Units: m; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: NOAA Wave Watch III Equatorial Pacific 10-arcmin; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Attenuation from 20 to 0 m using NOAA ~35-m horizontal resolution bathymetry (see accompanying data type), using method similar to Hardy et al. (1990).; Data Quality Method: NWIII: Fan YL, Lin S-J, Held IM, Yu ZT, Tolman HL (2012) Global ocean surface wave simulation using a coupled atmosphere-wave model. J. Climate, 25, 6233-6252, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00621.1. AND: Campos RM, Soares CG (2016) Comparison and assessment of three wave hindcasts in the North Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Operational Oceanography 9:26-4. Attenuation: Gramer (2013); Gramer and Hendee (2019). Parameter or Variable: BATHYMETRY (calculated); Units: m; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: NGDC DEM 35-m; Sampling and Analyzing Method: American Samoa - Bathymetric Digital Elevation Model (~30 meter resolution) Derived From Source Hydrographic Survey Soundings Collected by NOAA, and from UH/NOAA-CRED: Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center; Data Quality Method: See: http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/cms/benthic-habitat-mapping/ Parameter or Variable: Ecoforecast Alert Intensity (calculated); Units: Index; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: EISES Expert System; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Stimulus/Response Index (S/RI), calculated as described in Hendee J, Gramer L, Manzello D, Jankulak M (2009) Ecological forecasting for coral reef ecosystems. In Dodge R, ed., Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, July 7 - 11, 2008, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 534-538.; Data Quality Method: Validation of event dates vs. those derived by other methods, in particular, Barnes BB, Hu CM, Kovach C, Silverstein RN (2015) Sediment plumes induced by the Port of Miami dredging: Analysis and interpretation using Landsat and MODIS data. Remote Sensing of Environment 170:328-339 asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian MODIS MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer MODIS (or Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) is a key instrument aboard the Terra (EOS AM) and Aqua (EOS PM) satellites. Terra's orbit around the Earth is timed so that it passes from north to south across the equator in the morning, while Aqua passes south to north over the equator in the afternoon. Terra MODIS and Aqua MODIS are viewing the entire Earth's surface every 1 to 2 days, acquiring data in 36 spectral bands, or groups of wavelengths (see MODIS Technical Specifications). MODIS Technical Specifications Orbit: 705 km, 10:30 a.m. descending node (Terra) or 1:30 p.m. ascending node (Aqua), sun-synchronous, near-polar, circular Scan Rate: 20.3 rpm, cross track Swath Dimensions: 2330 km (cross track) by 10 km (along track at nadir) Telescope: 17.78 cm diam. off-axis, afocal (collimated), with intermediate field stop Size: 1.0 x 1.6 x 1.0 m Weight: 228.7 kg Power: 162.5 W (single orbit average) Data Rate: 10.6 Mbps (peak daytime); 6.1 Mbps (orbital average) Quantization: 12 bits Spatial Resolution: 250 m (bands 1-2); 500 m (bands 3-7); 1000 m (bands 8-36) Design Life: 6 years (From: http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/about/index.html) Aqua Updated information from ICES for the Name : Aqua Country(s) : UNITED STATES(US) (ISO Country Code) Platform Class : 65 Orbiting satellite Commissioned Date : 2002-05-04 Decommissioned Date : 2016 Notes : 2nd flight unit of the EOS programme. Main mission is demonstration of advanced sensors for operational meteorology. Information Sources: - http://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/79 Confirmed by NOAA on 2018-08-0 Instruments: AMSR-E et al NSSDCA/COSPAR ID: 2002-022A Terra Updated information from ICES for the platform TERRA from UNITED STATES. Name Terra Country(s) US: UNITED STATES Platform Class 65: Orbiting satellite Commissioned Date 1999 Decommissioned Date 2016 Notes - Operational NASA Earth Observing System Satellite. Information Source (URL) - http://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/81 Confirmed by NOAA on 2018-08-08. OTHER INFORMATION: Instruments: MODIS et al NSSDCA/COSPAR ID: 1999-068A