noaa-cave-5432 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2025-03-11 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Holmgren et al. 2003 Cold Air Cave Stalagmite 25KYr Stable Isotope Data 2005-04-01 publication doi:10.25921/11ww-w970 noaa-cave-5432 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Holmgren, K. originator Holmgren, K. author Lee-Thorp, J.A. originator Lee-Thorp, J.A. author Cooper, G.R.J. originator Cooper, G.R.J. author Lundblad, K. originator Lundblad, K. author Partridge, T.C. originator Partridge, T.C. author Scott, L. originator Scott, L. author Sithaldeen, R. originator Sithaldeen, R. author Talma, A.S. originator Talma, A.S. author Tyson, P.D. originator Tyson, P.D. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Cave. The data include parameters of speleothems with a geographic location of South Africa, Southern Africa. The time period coverage is from 24378 to -48 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Records of past temperature, precipitation, and other aspects of climate derived from mineral deposits found in caves. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this dataset. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the dataset citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-cave.png Paleoclimatology - Speleothem PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Land Records > Cave Deposits Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Speleothems Earth Science > Paleoclimate > Land Records > Cave Deposits theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems > carbon isotopes earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems > oxygen isotopes theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian PAGES 2k Network PAGES Africa 2k theme What: age; Material: null What: delta 18O; Material: calcium carbonate What: age; Material: null What: delta 13C; Material: calcium carbonate What: delta 13C; Material: calcium carbonate What: delta 18O; Material: calcium carbonate theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Continent > Africa > Southern Africa > South Africa > Cold Air Cave > LATITUDE -24.02 > LONGITUDE 29.11 place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Holmgren, K.; Lee-Thorp, J.A.; Cooper, G.R.J.; Lundblad, K.; Partridge, T.C.; Scott, L.; Sithaldeen, R.; Talma, A.S.; Tyson, P.D. (2005-04-01): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Holmgren et al. 2003 Cold Air Cave Stalagmite 25KYr Stable Isotope Data. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/11ww-w970. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. Persistent millennial-scale climatic variability over the past 25,000 years in Southern Africa 2003 publication Holmgren, K., J.A. Lee-Thorp, G.R.J. Cooper, K. Lundblad, T.C. Partridge, L. Scott, R. Sithaldeen, A. Siep Talmaf and P.D. Tyson author Quaternary Science Reviews publisher https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00204-X HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 2003 Holmgren, K., J.A. Lee-Thorp, G.R.J. Cooper, K. Lundblad, T.C. Partridge, L. Scott, R. Sithaldeen, A. Siep Talmaf and P.D. Tyson, 2003: Persistent millennial-scale climatic variability over the past 25,000 years in Southern Africa. Quaternary Science Reviews, 22, 2311-2326, 10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00204-X information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 24378 cal yr BP to -48 cal yr BP; 29.11 29.11 -24.02 -24.02 Study Coordinates -24.02 29.11 -22428 1998 STUDY NOTES: Stable oxygen and carbon isotope data from TIMS U-series dated stalagmites from Cold Air Cave, Makapansgat Valley, South Africa, document regional climatic change in southern Africa over the past 25,000 years. Cold Air Cave: 24 deg. 1' S, 29 deg. 11' E. Hiatuses Indentified: Speleothem growth from 24.4 to 12.7 ka and from 10.2 to 0 ka, interrupted by a 2.5 ka hiatus. ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: Data from stalagmites in the Makapansgat Valley, South Africa, document regional climatic change in southern Africa in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. A new TIMS U-series dated stalagmite indicates speleothem growth from 24.4 to 12.7 ka and from 10.2 to 0 ka, interrupted by a 2.5 ka hiatus. High-resolution oxygen and carbon stable isotope data suggest that postglacial warming was first initiated ~17 ka, was interrupted by cooling, probably associated with the Antarctic Cold Reversal, and was followed by strong warming after 13.5 ka. The Early Holocene experienced warm, evaporative conditions with fewer C4 grasses. Cooling is evident from ~6 to 2.5 ka, followed by warming between 1.5 and 2.5 ka and briefly at ~AD 1200. Maximum Holocene cooling occurred at AD 1700. The new stalagmite largely confirms results from shorter Holocene stalagmites reported earlier. The strongest variability superimposed on more general trends has a quasi-periodicity between 2.5 and 4.0 ka. Also present are weaker ~1.0 ka and ~100-year oscillations, the latter probably solar induced. Given similarities to the Antarctic records, the proximate driving force producing millennial- and centennial-scale changes in the Makapansgat record is postulated to be atmospheric circulation changes associated with change in the Southern Hemisphere circumpolar westerly wind vortex. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/11ww-w970 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/5432 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/speleothem HTTPS Information NCEI Cave Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/africa/cold-air-cave2003-noaa.txt HTTPS Download /speleothem/africa/cold-air-cave2003-noaa.txt Speleothem download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21