gov.noaa.nodc:0220059 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-07-28T13:30:08Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) OceanSODA-ETHZ: A global gridded dataset of the surface ocean carbonate system for seasonal to decadal studies of ocean acidification (v2025) (NCEI Accession 0220059) 2020-09-28 publication 2026-05-06 revision 2020-09-21 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/m5wx-ja34 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0220059 NCEI Archive Management System 0220059 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Luke Gregor Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP) luke.gregor@usys.ethz.ch http://www.ibp.ethz.ch/ HTTP Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP) website Institution web page information resourceProvider ETH Zurich http://www.ethz.ch HTTP ETH Zurich website Institution web page information resourceProvider Luke Gregor Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP) luke.gregor@usys.ethz.ch http://www.ibp.ethz.ch/ HTTP Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Nicolas Gruber Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP) nicolas.gruber@env.ethz.ch http://www.ibp.ethz.ch/ HTTP Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Gregor, Luke Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics http://www.ibp.ethz.ch/ HTTP Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP) website Institution web page information author Gruber, Nicolas Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics http://www.ibp.ethz.ch/ HTTP Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP) website Institution web page information author ETH Zurich http://www.ethz.ch HTTP ETH Zurich website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This dataset contains a global gridded dataset of the surface ocean carbonate system for seasonal to decadal studies of ocean acidification (v2025). The full marine carbonate system is calculated from machine learning estimates of Total Alkalinity (TA) and the fugacity of carbon dioxide (fCO2). The surface-ocean fCO2 presented here is the ensemble mean of 16 two-step clustering-regression machine learning estimates. The ensemble is a combination of eight clustering instances and two regression methods. For the clustering, we use K-means clustering (21 clusters) repeated with different initiations, resulting in slightly different clusters. Two machine learning regression methods are applied to each of these clustering instances. These machine learning methods are feed-forward neural-network (FFNN), and gradient boosted machine using decision trees (GBDT). The average of the ensemble members is used as the final estimate. Further, the standard deviation of the ensemble members is an analog of the uncertainty. The same two-step clustering-regression approach is used to estimate TA. The final estimate is the mean of 16 ensemble members. Eight of the ensemble members estimate standard TA while the other half estimate salinity normalized TA (S0 ≈ 34.0). Each ensemble member has 12 clusters. Support vector regression (SVR) is used as the regression method. Again, the standard deviation of the ensemble members is an analog of the uncertainty. Total alkalinity and pCO2 are then used to solve for the remaining parameters of the marine carbonate system using the PyCO2SYS software. The temperature and salinity products used in this calculation are provided in the file. Phosphate and silicate from the interpolated World Ocean Atlas (2018) product were used. We use the following total scale for pH. The product extends from the start of 1982 to the end of 2024. This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis. completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded NCEI Accession 0220059 was revised and a new version of the archival package was published. Updates to existing archival packages may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. The latest version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. Please see journal.txt in the /about directory for additional details on changes made. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0220059 Preview graphic PNG 0220059 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2026-05-01 publication CARBON - BICARBONATE DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC) partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water pH SALINITY total alkalinity WATER TEMPERATURE theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer CTD Niskin bottle instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS derived products theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS ETH Zurich dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS ETH Zurich dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS US DOC; NOAA; Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS World-Wide Distribution place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication Various project Cruise ID Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project project Ocean Acidification Search Keywords EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > ALKALINITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > INORGANIC CARBON EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PH EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Data synthesis product theme OCADS Study Type DIC HCO3 TAlk TAstd Time lat (180) lon (360) omegaAR omegaCA pCO2 pCO2std pH salinity temperature theme Provider Variable Abbreviations CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS CTD > Conductivity, Temperature, Depth NISKIN BOTTLES instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian GEOGRAPHIC REGION > GLOBAL OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Arctic Ocean Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean Southern Ocean place Provider Geographic Names accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Gregor, Luke; Gruber, Nicolas (2020). OceanSODA-ETHZ: A global gridded dataset of the surface ocean carbonate system for seasonal to decadal studies of ocean acidification (v2025) (NCEI Accession 0220059). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/m5wx-ja34. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Gregor, L., & Gruber, N. (2021). OceanSODA-ETHZ: a global gridded data set of the surface ocean carbonate system for seasonal to decadal studies of ocean acidification. Earth System Science Data, 13(2), 777–808. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-777-2021 2021-03-02 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-777-2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-777-2021 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-777-2021 journal article information Gregor, Luke Swiss Data Science Center author Gruber, Nicolas ETH Zürich http://www.ethz.ch HTTP ETH Zurich website Institution web page information author Copernicus GmbH publisher documentDigital Earth Syst. Sci. Data 13(2) ISSN 1866-3516, pp. 777-808 crossReference project Mogen, Samuel C.; Lovenduski, Nicole S.; Dallmann, Allysa R.; Gregor, Luke; Sutton, Adrienne J.; Bograd, Steven J.; Quiros, Nathali Cordero; Di Lorenzo, Emanuele; Hazen, Elliott L.; Jacox, Michael G.; Buil, Mercedes Pozo; Yeager, Stephen. Ocean Biogeochemical Signatures of the North Pacific Blob; Geophysical Research Letters. PMEL Contribution no. 5316. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl096938 2022 publication noaa:40479 International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl096938 https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl096938 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl096938 NOAA Central Library: Journal Article information Mogen, Samuel C. author Lovenduski, Nicole S. author Dallmann, Allysa R. author Gregor, Luke author Sutton, Adrienne J. author Bograd, Steven J. author Quiros, Nathali Cordero author Di Lorenzo, Emanuele author Hazen, Elliott L. author Jacox, Michael G. author Buil, Mercedes Pozo author Yeager, Stephen author NOAA Library https://library.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Library website Institution web page information publisher PMEL Contribution no. 5316 crossReference collection OceanSODA-ETHZ: A global gridded data set of the surface ocean carbonate system for seasonal to decadal studies of ocean acidification 2022 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/ndp_103/ndp103.html HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/ndp_103/ndp103.html Related resource information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital crossReference project NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system 2022-04 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system OCADS website information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital [accessed 2024-02-08] crossReference program eng; USA utf8 environment oceans -179.5 179.5 -89.5 89.5 1982-01-01 2024-12-31 In this accession, NCEI has archived multiple versions of these data. The latest (and best) version of these data has the largest version number. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. 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Originator data format 1206.256 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0220059.html HTTPS Web browser Project Metadata Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://doi.org/10.25921/m5wx-ja34 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/220059 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/220059 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0160/0220059/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0220059 v1.1 was published. 2020-09-28T19:11:00Z NCEI Accession 0220059 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0220059/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0220059 v1.1 published 2020-09-28T19:11:00Z download NCEI Accession 0220059 was revised and v2.2 was published. Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. 2020-11-02T19:03:15Z NCEI Accession 0220059 v2.2 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0220059/2.2 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0220059 v2.2 published 2020-11-02T19:03:15Z download NCEI Accession 0220059 was revised and v3.3 was published. Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. 2021-09-15T23:38:07Z NCEI Accession 0220059 v3.3 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0220059/3.3 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0220059 v3.3 published 2021-09-15T23:38:07Z download NCEI Accession 0220059 was revised and v4.4 was published. Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. 2023-06-01T22:31:18Z NCEI Accession 0220059 v4.4 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0220059/4.4 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0220059 v4.4 published 2023-06-01T22:31:18Z download NCEI Accession 0220059 was revised and v5.5 was published. Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. 2023-06-28T21:20:39Z NCEI Accession 0220059 v5.5 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0220059/5.5 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0220059 v5.5 published 2023-06-28T21:20:39Z download NCEI Accession 0220059 was revised and v6.6 was published. Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. 2026-05-06T16:46:59Z NCEI Accession 0220059 v6.6 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0220059/6.6 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0220059 v6.6 published 2026-05-06T16:46:59Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: Time; Abbreviation: Time; Unit: days since 1985-01-01; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: min = 1985-01-01; max = 2022-12-15; calendar = proleptic_gregorian Parameter or Variable: Latitude; Abbreviation: lat (180); Unit: degrees_north; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: min = -89.5; max = 89.5 Parameter or Variable: Longitude; Abbreviation: lon (360); Unit: degrees_east; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: min = -179.5; max = 179.5 Parameter or Variable: surface_partial_pressure_of_carbon_dioxide_in_sea_water; Abbreviation: pCO2; Unit: µatm; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: description: surface ocean partial pressure of carbon dioxide estimated with gradient boosted decision trees (lightGBM) and feed-forward neural network (scikit-learn); predictors: xCO2glob, timeSin, timeCos, chlog_globcolour_filled, sst_ostia, sss_soda, u10_era5, v10_era5, mld_holte; testing_years: [1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015]; validation_years: [1987 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012 2017] Parameter or Variable: standard deviation of pCO2; Abbreviation: pCO2std; Unit: µatm; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: description: standard deviation of the 16 pCO2 ensemble members as an analog of uncertainty Parameter or Variable: total_alkalinity_in_sea_water; Abbreviation: TAlk; Unit: µmol/kg; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: description: Total alkalinity estimated with Support vector regression (scikit-learn); predictors: sst_ostia, sss_soda, nitrateStar_woa18, silicate_woa18, adt_aviso_clim; testing_years: [1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013 2016]; validation_years: [0] Parameter or Variable: standard deviation of total alkalinity; Abbreviation: TAstd; Unit: µmol/kg; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: description: standard deviation of the 16 TA ensemble members as an analog of uncertainty Parameter or Variable: dissolved_inorganic_carbon_in_sea_water; Abbreviation: DIC; Unit: µmol/kg; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: description: DIC calculated with pyCO2SYS Parameter or Variable: pH on total scale; Abbreviation: pH; Unit: -log(H+); Detailed sampling and analyzing information: description: pH calculated with pyCO2SYS Parameter or Variable: Bicarbonate concentration; Abbreviation: HCO3; Unit: µmol/kg Parameter or Variable: omegaAr; Abbreviation: omegaAR; Unit: ratio Parameter or Variable: omegaAr; Abbreviation: omegaAR; Unit: ratio; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: description: aragonite saturation state, where values below are theoretically undersaturated Parameter or Variable: omegaCa; Abbreviation: omegaCA; Unit: ratio; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: description: calcite saturation state, where values below are theoretically undersaturated Parameter or Variable: sea_water_salinity, Practical Salinity; Abbreviation: salinity; Unit: psu; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: source; https://www2.atmos.umd.edu/%7Eocean/index_files/soda3.4.2_mn_download_b.htm; title: MOM5_SODA_3.4.2.; Method reference: Carton, J.A., G.A. Chepurin, and L. Chen, 2018a: SODA3: a new ocean climate reanalysis, J.Clim., 31, 6967-6983, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0149.1. Parameter or Variable: sea_surface_foundation_temperature; Abbreviation: temperature; Unit: degC; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: title: OSTIA Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis; long_name: analysed sea surface temperature; entry_id: UKMO-L4HRfnd-GLOB-OSTIARAN; sst_type; foundation; Method reference: Merchant, C. J., Embury, O., Bulgin, C. E., Block, T., Corlett, G. K., Fiedler, E., … Donlon, C. J. (2019). Satellite-based time-series of sea-surface temperature since 1981 for climate applications. Scientific Data, 6(1), 223. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0236-x asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water. CTD CTD Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe Niskin bottle Niskin bottle Device for obtaining samples of seawater at a specific depth Why special entry for Niskin bottle but no entry for Nansen bottle? VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS