noaa-cave-14349 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2025-08-29 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Cold Air Cave, South Africa 350Yr Isotope Data and Temperature Reconstruction 2013-05-06 publication doi:10.25921/tcd8-9s57 noaa-cave-14349 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Sundqvist, H. originator Sundqvist, H. author Holmgren, K. originator Holmgren, K. author Fohlmeister, J. originator Fohlmeister, J. author Zhang, Q. originator Zhang, Q. author Bar-Matthews, M. originator Bar-Matthews, M. author Spötl, C. originator Spötl, C. author Körnich, H. originator Körnich, H. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Cave. The data include parameters of climate reconstructions|speleothems with a geographic location of South Africa, Southern Africa. The time period coverage is from 315 to -46 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Records of past temperature, precipitation, and other aspects of climate derived from mineral deposits found in caves. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this dataset. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the dataset citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-cave.png Paleoclimatology - Speleothem PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Land Records > Cave Deposits Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Speleothems Earth Science > Paleoclimate > Land Records > Cave Deposits theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems > carbon isotopes earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems > oxygen isotopes earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems > other theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Air Temperature Reconstruction Little Ice Age (LIA) theme What: surface air temperature; Material: delta 18O What: delta 18O; Material: calcium carbonate What: age; Material: null What: depth; Material: null What: delta 13C; Material: calcium carbonate What: age; Material: null theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Continent > Africa > Southern Africa > South Africa > Cold Air Cave > LATITUDE -24.02 > LONGITUDE 29.11 place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Sundqvist, H.; Holmgren, K.; Fohlmeister, J.; Zhang, Q.; Bar-Matthews, M.; Spötl, C.; Körnich, H. (2013-05-06): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Cold Air Cave, South Africa 350Yr Isotope Data and Temperature Reconstruction. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/tcd8-9s57. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. Evidence of a large cooling between 1690 and 1740 AD in southern Africa 2013 publication H.S. Sundqvist, K. Holmgren, J. Fohlmeister, Q. Zhang, M. Bar Matthews, C. Spötl, and H. Körnich author Scientific Reports publisher https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01767 HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 2013 H.S. Sundqvist, K. Holmgren, J. Fohlmeister, Q. Zhang, M. Bar Matthews, C. Spötl, and H. Körnich, 2013: Evidence of a large cooling between 1690 and 1740 AD in southern Africa. Scientific Reports, 3, , 10.1038/srep01767 information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 1635 CE to 1996 CE; Date Range: 315 cal yr BP to -46 cal yr BP; 29.11 29.11 -24.02 -24.02 Study Coordinates -24.02 29.11 1635 1996 STUDY NOTES: This dataset contains 350-year stalagmite stable isotope data and 5-yr smoothed annual mean temperature reconstruction (deviation from 1961-90 mean, ± 2std error = 0.578082397 deg C) from Cold Air Cave in South Africa. ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: A 350-year-long, well-dated d18O stalagmite record from the summer rainfall region in South Africa is positively correlated with regional air surface temperatures at interannual time scales. The coldest period documented in this record occurred between 1690 and 1740, slightly lagging the Maunder Minimum (1645-1710). A temperature reconstruction, based on the correlation between regional surface temperatures and the stalagmite d18O variations, indicates that parts of this period could have been as much as 1.4°C colder than today. Significant cycles of 22, 11 and 4.8 years demonstrate that the solar magnetic and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation cycle could be important drivers of multidecadal to interannual climate variability in this region. The observation that the most important driver of stalagmite d18O on interannual time scales from this subtropical region is regional surface temperature cautions against deterministic interpretations of d18O variations in low-latitude stalagmites as mainly driven by the amount of precipitation. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/tcd8-9s57 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/14349 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/speleothem HTTPS Information NCEI Cave Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/africa/cold-air-cave2013temperature.txt HTTPS Download /speleothem/africa/cold-air-cave2013temperature.txt Speleothem download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/africa/cold-air-cave2013isotopes.txt HTTPS Download /speleothem/africa/cold-air-cave2013isotopes.txt Speleothem download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21