gov.noaa.nodc:0277836 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-07-26T07:57:44Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) ANN-NEP: A monthly surface pCO2 product for the Northeast Pacific open ocean from 1998-01-01 to 2019-12-31 (NCEI Accession 0277836) 2023-05-05 publication 2023-05-01 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/c1w8-6v02 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0277836 NCEI Archive Management System 0277836 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Patrick J. Duke University of Victoria (UVic) pjduke@ucalgary.ca https://www.uvic.ca/ HTTPS University of Victoria (UVic) website Institution web page information resourceProvider University of Victoria (UVic) https://www.uvic.ca/ HTTPS University of Victoria (UVic) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Patrick J. Duke University of Victoria (UVic) pjduke@ucalgary.ca https://www.uvic.ca/ HTTPS University of Victoria (UVic) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Roberta C. Hamme University of Victoria (UVic) rhamme@uvic.ca https://www.uvic.ca/ HTTPS University of Victoria (UVic) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Debby Ianson Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences debby.Ianson@dfo-mpo.gc.ca https://www.ubc.ca/ HTTPS Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Peter Landschützer Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) peter.landschuetzer@mpimet.mpg.de http://www.vliz.be HTTP Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Mohamed Ahmed University of Calgary mohamed.ahmed3@ucalgary.ca https://www.ucalgary.ca/ HTTPS University of Calgary website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Neil Swart University of Victoria (UVic) neil.swart@ec.gc.ca https://www.uvic.ca/ HTTPS University of Victoria (UVic) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Paul A. Covert Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences paul.covert@dfo-mpo.gc.ca principalInvestigator Duke, Patrick J. University of Victoria https://www.uvic.ca/ HTTPS University of Victoria (UVic) website Institution web page information author Hamme, Roberta C. University of Victoria https://www.uvic.ca/ HTTPS University of Victoria (UVic) website Institution web page information author Ianson, Debby Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences https://www.ubc.ca/ HTTPS Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences website Institution web page information author Landschützer, Peter Flanders Marine Institute http://www.vliz.be HTTP Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) website Institution web page information author Ahmed, Mohamed University of Calgary https://www.ucalgary.ca/ HTTPS University of Calgary website Institution web page information author Swart, Neil C. University of Victoria https://www.uvic.ca/ HTTPS University of Victoria (UVic) website Institution web page information author Covert, Paul Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences author Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences contributor University of Victoria (UVic) https://www.uvic.ca/ HTTPS University of Victoria (UVic) website Institution web page information contributor Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) http://www.vliz.be HTTP Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital ANN-NEP is a gridded surface ocean pCO2 data product for the Northeast Pacific open ocean. It was created using non-linear functional relationships between pCO2 observations from the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas v2021 as well as additional data from Fisheries and Oceans Canada February 2019 Line P cruise, and a variety of independent predictor variables (see supplemental information) using an artificial neural network self-organizing-map-feed-forward-network approach described and evaluated in Duke et al. (2023). This file contains monthly pCO2 and air-sea CO2 flux fields from January 1998 to December 2019 at 1/12 degree by 1/12 degree (approximately 9 km by 5km; latitude by longitude) spatial resolution. The air-sea CO2 fluxes are computed from the air-sea CO2 partial pressure difference and a bulk gas transfer formulation following Duke et al. (2023). This file contains continuous, regional, high-resolution monthly gridded surface ocean pCO2 estimates and associated air-sea CO2 fluxes for the Northeast Pacific open ocean. Surface ocean pCO2 variability (over seasonal, interannual, decadal, and long-term trend) can help inform future observation infrastructure in the region. The air-sea CO2 fluxes can act as a critical tool for policymakers to evaluate commercial and economic interests in proposed marine CO2 removal projects in the open ocean off the west coast of Canada and southern Alaska. Observation-based air-sea CO2 flux baselines can ensure proposed marine carbon dioxide removal projects are real, permanent, measurable, and verifiable. The product created here can help build knowledge-to-action pathways for both regional governments offering observation-based marine carbon uptake research that supports actionable climate change mitigation decision making. Funding Information: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) through the Advancing Climate Change Science in Canada program (Quantifying and Predicting Canada's Marine Carbon Sink, ACCPJ 536173-18) Funding Information: Fisheries and Oceans Canada's Aquatic Climate Change Adaptation Service Program (Line-P underway pCO2 measurements, 96036) completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0277836 Preview graphic PNG 0277836 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2023-05-01 publication partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS chemical model output theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences Flanders Marine Institute University of Victoria dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS University of Victoria dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS North Pacific Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication BE/VLIZ > Flanders Marine Institute, Belgium CA/DFO/PR/SB/IOS > Institute of Ocean Sciences, Science Branch, Pacific Region, Fisheries and Oceans, Canada dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project project Ocean Acidification Search Keywords Quantifying and Predicting Canada's Marine Carbon Sink project Research Projects EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON DIOXIDE theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Model output Surface underway theme OCADS Study Type Fco2 pCO2 theme Provider Variable Abbreviations CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Northeast Pacific Ocean place Provider Geographic Names accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Duke, Patrick J.; Hamme, Roberta C.; Ianson, Debby; Landschützer, Peter; Ahmed, Mohamed; Swart, Neil C.; Covert, Paul (2023). ANN-NEP: A monthly surface pCO2 product for the Northeast Pacific open ocean from 1998-01-01 to 2019-12-31 (NCEI Accession 0277836). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/c1w8-6v02. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Duke, P. J., Hamme, R. C., Ianson, D., Landschützer, P., Ahmed, M. M. M., Swart, N. C., & Covert, P. A. (2023). Estimating marine carbon uptake in the northeast Pacific using a neural network approach. Biogeosciences, 20(18), 3919–3941. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3919-2023 2023-09-27 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3919-2023 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3919-2023 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3919-2023 related journal article information Duke, Patrick J. CarbonRun author Hamme, Roberta C. author Ianson, Debby University of British Columbia https://www.ubc.ca/ HTTPS The University of British Columbia (UBC) website Institution web page information author Landschützer, Peter Flanders Marine Institute author Ahmed, Mohamed M. M. author Swart, Neil C. author Covert, Paul A. Fisheries and Oceans Canada author Copernicus GmbH publisher documentDigital Biogeosciences 20(18) ISSN 1726-4189, pp. 3919-3941 crossReference project A 30 years observation-based global monthly gridded sea surface pCO2 product from 1982 through 2011 2022 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/SPCO2_1982_2011_ETH_SOM_FFN.html HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/SPCO2_1982_2011_ETH_SOM_FFN.html Related resource information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital crossReference project NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system 2022-04 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system OCADS website information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital [accessed 2024-02-08] crossReference program Duke, Patrick J.; Hamme, Roberta C.; Ianson, Debby; Landschützer, Peter; Swart, Neil C.; Covert, Paul (2024). ANN-NEPc: A monthly surface pCO2 data product for the Northeast Pacific coastal ocean from 1998-01-01 to 2019-12-31 (NCEI Accession 0290365). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/4jvk-y051. 2024-03-23 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.25921/4jvk-y051 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0290365 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0290365.html HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0290365.html Related dataset information Duke, Patrick J. University of Victoria https://www.uvic.ca/ HTTPS University of Victoria (UVic) website Institution web page information author Hamme, Roberta C. University of Victoria https://www.uvic.ca/ HTTPS University of Victoria (UVic) website Institution web page information author Ianson, Debby Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences https://www.canada.ca/en/fisheries-oceans.html HTTPS Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) website Institution web page information author Landschützer, Peter Flanders Marine Institute http://www.vliz.be HTTP Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) website Institution web page information author Swart, Neil C. University of Victoria https://www.uvic.ca/ HTTPS University of Victoria (UVic) website Institution web page information author Covert, Paul Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences https://www.canada.ca/en/fisheries-oceans.html HTTPS Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) website Institution web page information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher tableDigital crossReference project eng; USA utf8 environment oceans -155 -120 45 62 1998-01-01 2019-12-31 This data package (Submission ID: BGSH2HNRP) was acquired by NCEI from the Scientific Data Integration System (SDIS) at the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) in accordance with the archival submission agreement between NCEI and PMEL. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Originator data format 890.636 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0277836.html HTTPS Web browser Project Metadata Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://doi.org/10.25921/c1w8-6v02 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/277836 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/277836 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0212/0277836/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0277836 v1.1 was published. 2023-05-05T19:53:36Z NCEI Accession 0277836 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0277836/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0277836 v1.1 published 2023-05-05T19:53:36Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: sea surface partial pressure of CO2; Abbreviation: pCO2; Unit: muatm; Observation type: Other; Measured or calculated: Calculated; Uncertainty: 12; Researcher name: Patrick J. Duke; Researcher institution: University of Victoria Parameter or Variable: air-sea CO2 flux density; Abbreviation: Fco2; Unit: mol/m2/yr; Observation type: Other; Measured or calculated: Calculated; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: convention: negative (positive) values represent ocean uptake (outgassing). calculation: based on solubility from Weiss (1974), gas transfer velocity as a function of wind‐speed from Cross‐Calibrated Multiplatform ocean surface wind data and gas transfer coefficient from Wanninkhof (2014), and the gradient between pCO2 in the surface ocean and the atmosphere.; Uncertainty: 20 %; Researcher name: Patrick J. Duke; Researcher institution: University of Victoria asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water. VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS